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1.
Sacks BN Chomel BB Kasten RW Chang CC Sanders RK Leterme SD 《Veterinary parasitology》2002,109(1-2):45-58
Serological tests offer a potentially powerful tool for monitoring parasites in wildlife populations. However, such tests must be validated before using them with target wildlife populations. We evaluated in coyotes (Canis latrans) the performance of a commercially available serological test used to detect canine heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) in domestic dogs. We obtained 265 coyote carcasses and serological specimens from 54 additional coyotes from several regions of California, USA. We necropsied coyotes to determine the adult heartworm infection status. Blood was collected at necropsy on filter paper strips and allowed to dry; it was later eluted in a buffer solution, and the supernatant was tested for heartworm. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to assess discriminatory power of the test and indicated a 93% probability that a randomly selected infected coyote would exhibit a higher enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) value than a randomly selected uninfected coyote. We estimated specificity at 96% (95% CI: 92-98%) for 165 uninfected coyotes and sensitivity at 85% (77-91%) for 100 infected coyotes, results similar to published values for the commercial serological test used with dog serum or plasma. Test performance was similar for filter paper specimens and supernatant of frozen whole blood collected in EDTA tubes (i.e. hemolyzed plasma). We found no difference in test performance among geographic or demographic coyote groups. Our findings support application of the test to filter paper or standard serological specimens for detection of heartworm in coyote populations. 相似文献
2.
Ueda Y Sano A Tamura M Inomata T Kamei K Yokoyama K Kishi F Ito J Mikami Y Miyaji M Nishimura K 《Veterinary microbiology》2003,94(3):219-224
The lesions of histoplasmosis in dogs in Japan differ from those in dogs in North America. Affected dogs in Japan have had multiple granulomatous or ulcerated foci in skin or gingiva and have not had pulmonary or gastrointestinal lesions. The present report introduces a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) diagnosis of canine histoplasmosis and the characteristic of disease in Japan. The surgically removed skin ulcerate samples from a 5-years-old female Shiba-inu native to Japan without traveling out of the country were evaluated. Tissue samples had many yeast-like organisms in the macrophages. DNA was extracted from paraffin-embedded tissue samples. A nested PCR technique was applied. The detected sequence of the internal transcribed spacer of ribosomal RNA gene had 99.7% in homology with Ajellomyces capsulatus (the teleomorph of Histoplasma capsulatum). Clinical manifestations, historical background of equine epizootic lymphangitis in Japan, and a human autochthonous case of histoplasmosis farciminosi indicated that this dog might have been infected with H. capsulatum var. farciminosum as a heteroecism. 相似文献
3.
Diagnosis of Histoplasma capsulatum infection in cats traditionally relies upon identification of organisms in circulating monocytes or in tissue specimens from affected organs. In this retrospective study, results of a urine antigen assay were compared with standard diagnostic methods in cats with clinical signs suggestive of histoplasmosis. Antigenuria was detected in 17/18 cats with a histopathologic or cytopathologic diagnosis of histoplasmosis. This preliminary evaluation of the Histoplasma urine antigen test suggests it may be a useful aid in diagnosing this disease in cats. 相似文献
4.
Reichard MV Tiernan KE Paras KL Interisano M Reiskind MH Panciera RJ Pozio E 《Veterinary parasitology》2011,182(2-4):368-371
We determined the prevalence and mean intensity of Trichinella sp. infection in coyotes from six counties in Oklahoma and one in northern Texas. Tongues from 77 coyotes were examined using histology and artificial tissue digestion. Histological examination showed a prevalence of 3.9% (3 of 77) whereas the prevalence was 6.5% (5 of 77) based on artificial digestion of 5.0 g of muscle from coyote tongues. One sample was positive for Trichinella sp. on histology but negative by artificial digestion. Combining data from both diagnostic techniques showed that six of 77 (7.8%) coyotes were infected with Trichinella spp. The mean intensity of Trichinella sp. larvae ranged from 0.2 to 66.2 with an average of 16.0 larvae per gram (LPG) of tongue. Genotyping results demonstrated that the coyotes were infected with Trichinella murrelli. This is the first report of T. murrelli infection in coyotes in Oklahoma. T. murrelli had previously been isolated from coyotes in Texas. 相似文献
5.
Disseminated infection with Histoplasma capsulatum was diagnosed in a 7-yr-old female Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris). Clinical signs were nonspecific with the exception of brief periods of tachypnea for 5 days prior to death. H. capsulatum organisms were found in the lungs, tracheobronchial lymph nodes, and liver. Diagnosis was confirmed by tracheal wash, urine H. capsulatum enzyme immunoassay, and necropsy results. This report represents the first published account of disseminated histoplasmosis in a tiger. 相似文献
6.
One splenectomized and 6 intact coyotes (Canis latrans), and 2 coydogs were experimentally inoculated with a recent isolate of Babesia gibsoni. The disease was mild in intact animals, was fatal in the splenectomized coyote, and was characterized by a regenerative hemolytic anemia with the PCV decreasing to 16% in intact animals and to 6% in the splenectomized coyote. Peak parasitemia ranged from 3% to 21% of erythrocytes infected and was inversely correlated to PCV. Serum lactate dehydrogenase, bilirubin, and globulin concentrations were increased in all infected animals. Three weeks after inoculation, specific antibody titers increased to 1:65,536 and remained elevated in the chronically infected animals. The splenectomized coyote had progressive weakness until death, 24 days after inoculation. Intact animals had splenomegaly and anorexia at the height of infection. The splenectomized coyote had generalized edema, omental petechiae, renal and hepatic degeneration, membrano-proliferative glomerulonephritis and congestion, extramedullary hematopoiesis, lymphoid hyperplasia, and severe hemosiderosis in an accessory spleen. The only consistent change in the intact animals was splenomegaly. 相似文献
7.
W Guo J F Evermann W J Foreyt F F Knowlton L A Windberg 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1986,189(9):1099-1100
Serum samples from 228 coyotes were selected randomly from a serum bank assembled from Texas from 1975 to 1984 and were evaluated serologically for neutralizing antibodies against canine distemper virus (CDV). One hundred and twenty-eight (56%) of the 228 coyotes had antibody titers of greater than or equal to 1:5 against CDV (seropositive). The serologic prevalence (seroprevalence) of antibodies against CDV infection was higher in the spring (62%) than in the fall (40%). The seroprevalence of CDV in various age groups was different; 25 of 101 coyotes (25%) were seropositive at less than 1 year of age, 35 of 52 (67%) were positive between 1 and 2 years of age, and 68 of 75 (91%) were positive at greater than or equal to 2 years of age. The results indicated that CDV was enzootic in coyote populations of southern Texas, with an increasing number of seropositive coyotes noted annually. The sex of the coyote did not appear to be related to the seroprevalence against CDV. 相似文献
8.
Panciera RJ Ewing SA 《Animal health research reviews / Conference of Research Workers in Animal Diseases》2003,4(1):27-34
American canine hepatozoonosis is an emerging, tick-transmitted infection of domestic dogs caused by a recently recognized species of apicomplexan parasite, Hepatozoon americanum. The known definitive host of the protozoan is the Gulf Coast tick, Amblyomma maculatum. Presently recognized intermediate hosts include the domestic dog and the coyote, Canis latrans. Laboratory-reared larval or nymphal A. maculatum can be infected readily by feeding to repletion on a parasitemic intermediate host; sporogony requires 35-40 days. Transmission of infection to the dog has been produced experimentally by oral administration of mature oocysts or oocyst-containing ticks. Canine disease follows experimental exposure in 4-6 weeks and is characterized by systemic illness, extreme neutrophilic leukocytosis, muscle and bone pain, and proliferation of periosteal bone. Histopathological findings include multifocal skeletal and cardiac myositis associated with escape of mature merozoites from within the host-cell environment. There is also rapid onset of periosteal activation and osteogenesis and, less frequently, glomerulopathy and amyloidosis. Sequential stages of development of H. americanum in both the dog and the tick have been elucidated. Gamonts potentially infectious to ticks have been observed in peripheral blood leukocytes of the dog in as few as 28 days after exposure to oocysts. Young coyotes experimentally exposed to a canine strain of H. americanum acquired disease indistinguishable from that of similarly exposed young dogs. 相似文献
9.
Meadows RL MacWilliams PS Dzata G Delauche AJ 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》1992,21(4):122-125
A mixed inflammatory cell pleocytosis was identified in a cytocentrifuged sample of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and diagnosis of histoplasmosis was made on the basis of finding Histoplasma capsulatum organisms within macrophages. This dog had disseminated histoplasmosis with multiple organ involvement including the central nervous system (CNS) and eye. 相似文献
10.
Efficacy of clorsulon against the trematode Nanophyetus salmincola was evaluated in coyotes. Ten 16-week-old coyote pups were fed fish that contained metacercariae of N. salmincola. Twenty-one days later, 5 of the coyotes were given a suspension of clorsulon (approx 16 mg/kg of body weight, orally). Within 30 days after treatment, the numbers of fluke eggs in fecal specimens from the 5 treated coyotes had not decreased, and numbers of fluke eggs and flukes recovered from treated coyotes at necropsy did not differ from numbers of fluke eggs and flukes recovered from 5 untreated coyotes. Therefore, clorsulon at a dosage of 16 mg/kg was not effective against N. salmincola. 相似文献
11.
Nishifuji K Ueda Y Sano A Kadoya M Kamei K Sekiguchi M Nishimura K Iwasaki T 《Journal of veterinary medicine. A, Physiology, pathology, clinical medicine》2005,52(9):478-480
A 5-year-old male Siberian husky bred outdoor in Tokyo had a swollen paw with interdigital granulomatous lesions in the left hindlimb. The dog had no apparent pulmonary or gastrointestinal involvement. Histopathological analysis of the skin lesions demonstrated yeast-like organisms predominantly within macrophages. Sequence analysis of fungal ribosome RNA gene isolated from a paraffin sample revealed a 100% homology with the teleomorph of Histoplasma capsulatum. The present case may support the concept of primary cutaneous canine histoplasmosis as an endemic phenotype recognized in Japan. 相似文献
12.
Coyote as a final host for Sarcocystis species of goats, sheep, cattle, elk, bison, and moose in Montana 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
J P Dubey 《American journal of veterinary research》1980,41(8):1227-1229
Tissues (1 kg) from sheep, goats, cattle, moose, bison, or elk naturally infected with Sarcocystis species were fed to one to four Sarcocystis-free coyotes and the number of sporocysts in feces and intestines were counted. All 12 coyotes fed naturally infected tissues shed Sarcocystis in feces, with a prepatent period of 9 to 15 days. The four coyotes fed infected beef had 15, 25, 113, and 201 million sporocysts in their feces and intestines. The coyotes fed elk, moose, or bison had 2.5, 15, and 2.5 million sporocysts in their intestines, respectively. Sporocysts in feces of coyotes fed musculature of cattle, sheep, goats, and elk were structurally similar to those described previously from the feces of dogs. This is evidently the first report of the completion of life cycle of Sarcocystis species in moose and bison. Cross-transmission experiments indicated that one species of goat Sarcocystis completes its life cycle in both dog and coyote and that the ovine Sarcocystis is not transmissible to goats. 相似文献
13.
Infection of coyotes (Canis latrans) with Leptospira interrogans serovars pomona, canicola, and copenhageni was accomplished by percutaneous inoculation. Bacteriologic, serologic, histopathologic, and fluorescent antibody techniques were used to investigate the infections. Leptospiremia was established with pomona. Leptospiruria was demonstrated with the three serovars. Serovar canicola was recovered from one coyote 134 days after it was inoculated. 相似文献
14.
Between October 1976 and January 1977, carcasses or hearts and lungs from 202 wild foxes and coyotes in Indiana were collected to determine the prevalence of Dirofilaria immitis infection. Three of 113 (2.7%) red foxes (Vulpes fulva), 3 of 81 (3.7%) gray foxes (Urocyon cinereoargenteus), and 1 of 8 (12.5%) coyotes (Canis latrans) were infected with D immitis. An average of 5 worms (range, 1 to 10) were recovered from foxes and 11 worms were recovered from the coyote. Worms from the coyote were of normal length and all female worms contained developing embryos and microfilariae. Worms from foxes were small, and none of the female worms contained developing embryos. 相似文献
15.
Tyre E Eisenbart D Foley P Burton S 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2007,48(7):734-736
A young dog was presented with a history of chronic diarrhea, anorexia, and weight loss. Histoplasma capsulatum was suspected, based on cytologic examination of lymph node aspirates and peritoneal fluid, and confirmed by fungal culture. To our knowledge, this is the first case of histoplasmosis diagnosed in a dog in Atlantic Canada. 相似文献
16.
Disseminated histoplasmosis and disseminated intravascular coagulopathy were diagnosed in a 7 mo old, female spayed mixed-breed dog. The dog improved transiently with supportive care, but deteriorated shortly after initiation of antifungal therapy. The dog was subsequently euthanized. At necropsy, marked granulomatous vasculitis was identified in all affected organs. The tunicae and laminae of the arteries and arterioles were obscured by epithelioid macrophages and multinucleated giant cells admixed with necrotic material. Intracytoplasmic yeast were present within some of these macrophages. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first reported case of granulomatous vasculitis associated with Histoplasma capsulatum in a dog. 相似文献
17.
Hang Lu William F. Siemer Meghan S. Baumer Daniel J. Decker Alexander Gulde 《Human Dimensions of Wildlife》2016,21(6):506-521
To test the effects of message framing on intentions to participate in seven behaviors to prevent coyote problems, we randomly assigned 461 participants to a control (no message) group or one of four experimental (message) conditions, as part of a 2 (gain versus loss) x 2 (family-referencing versus community-referencing) between-subjects factorial design. We found a significant three-way interaction between gain versus loss framing, point of reference, and past experience with coyotes on intentions to prevent human–coyote conflicts. For people who had encountered coyotes before, the family-referencing, gain-framed message had superior persuasive power; the family-referencing, loss-framed message was more effective in stimulating problem-prevention behavioral intentions for those who had not encountered coyotes. In addition, fear fully mediated the relationship between the three-way interaction and behavioral intentions. Tailoring messages to audiences based on prior experience with coyote problems may improve the efficacy of communication campaigns designed to reduce problem interactions with coyotes. 相似文献
18.
Adult dogs 1 to 5 were inoculated IV and/or SC with 3, 5, or 6 ml of a suspension containing 1.2 x 10(4) Ehrlichia risticii-infected cells (derived from primary canine monocyte cell cultures)/ml. Dogs 6 to 8 were inoculated IV and/or SC with 3 or 6 ml of 1.2 x 10(5) organism-free cultured canine monocytes/ml. Ehrlichia risticii was isolated in cultures from inoculated dogs 3, 4, and 5 on postinoculation days (PID) 10 to 16, but not from dogs 6 to 8. Dogs inoculated with E risticii seroconverted between PID 6 and 12. Clinical signs of illness were not observed in these 5 E risticii-inoculated dogs. A pony, inoculated with E risticii isolated from inoculated dog 5, developed clinical signs of equine monocytic ehrlichiosis, including fever, anorexia, depression, and diarrhea, and E risticii was isolated from the pony's blood. This E risticii isolate was then inoculated into susceptible dog 9, and E risticii was repeatedly isolated from dog 9 during PID 6 to 17. Dogs were susceptible to infection with E risticii and may serve as a reservoir of the organism in the field. 相似文献
19.
Bruno B. Chomel Richard W. Ermel Rickie W. Kasten Jennifer B. Henn Drew A. Fleischman Chao-Chin Chang 《Veterinary microbiology》2014
Dogs can be infected by a wide variety of Bartonella species. However, limited data is available on experimental infection of dogs with Bartonella strains isolated from domestic animals or wildlife. We report the inoculation of six dogs with Bartonella henselae (feline strain 94022, 16S rRNA type II) in three sets of two dogs, each receiving a different inoculum dose), four dogs inoculated with B. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii type I (ATCC strain, one mongrel dog) or type II (coyote strain, two beagles and one mongrel) and B. rochalimae (coyote strain, two beagles). None of the dogs inoculated with B. henselae became bacteremic, as detected by classical blood culture. However, several dogs developed severe necrotic lesions at the inoculation site and all six dogs seroconverted within one to two weeks. All dogs inoculated with the B. v. berkhoffii and B. rochalimae strains became bacteremic at levels comparable to previous experimental infections with either a dog isolate or a human isolate. Our data support that dogs are likely accidental hosts for B. henselae, just like humans, and are efficient reservoirs for both B. v. berkhoffii and B. rochalimae. 相似文献
20.
E. E. Morrison H. W. Leipold S. M. Kruckenberg 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》1983,12(4):325-340
A Light, scanning and transmission electron microscopic study of the coyote respiratory system was carried out, utilizing ten coyotes of both sexes. The animals ranges in age from 8 to 24 months and were in good health. Comparison of the respiratory tissues of the coyote with other Canid species are made. 相似文献