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1.
Summary Immature inflorescences of smooth bromegrass were cultured on MS agar media supplemented with varying combinations of 2,4-D and kinetin. Callus was initiated from segments of young inflorescences on each medium. All of the calli were subcultured monthly for 5–6 times and transferred onto hormone-free MS medium for plant regeneration. Addition of kinetin to the basal medium stimulated shoot initiation in the callus cultures. Plantlets were regenerated only from calli grown on media containing 2 and 6 mg I-1 2,4-D with a supplement of 0.2 mg I-1 kinetin. No albino plantlets were produced. Morphological characteristics and dry matter yield of ten somaclones and the parental plant (SBG7) were studied in the greenhouse in a randomized complete block experiment with five replications. There was significant variation (P>0.01) among genotypes for all morphological characteristics studied. Although all somaclone heights and leaf widths were lower than those of the parental plant, the somaclone F9A, F10A, and F10B had larger tiller numbers, and leaf/stem ratio by dry weight than the parental plant. Only somaclone F9B gave higher specific leaf area and leaf area ratio than the parental plant. Almost all somaclones had the same leaf length, total dry weight, and specific leaf weight as the parental plant. The variation found in somaclones should permit selection for desirable agronomic traits. 相似文献
2.
A Yi-Xia-Mu-Gu-Li-·Si-Ma-Yi-Li QU Yan-Ying SE Na-Wa-Er-·Mai-Mai-Ti-Ming MENG Ling-Zhen YANG Ting WANG Li-Ping CHEN Quan-Jia- 《棉花学报》2013,25(4):352-358
The aim of this study was to induce embryogenic callus from various cultivars of cotton in tissue culture, so that a stable and efficient regeneration system could be developed to produce new cotton varieties for cultivation in Xinjiang. The explant materials were hypocotyls of the main cotton cultivars grown in Xinjiang, i. e. Xinhai 25, Xinhai 16, Xinluzao 39, and Xinluzao 42. We tested the effects of different combinations of two hormones (kinetin, KT; 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2,4-D) on induction of callus from these explants. Calli were produced by the explants under four different combinations of hormones in the media. The optimal hormone combination to induce callus from Gossypium hirsutum explants was 0.1 mg·L-1 KT + 0.05 mg·L-1 2,4-D, while that to induce callus from Gossypium barbadense explants was 0.1 mg·L-1 KT + 0.1 mg·L-1 2,4-D. Hormone-free medium and medium containing double to the normal concentration of KNO3 promoted the emergence of embryogenic callus. Filter paper placed under the medium promoted somatic embryo growth and regeneration of the root system. The differentiation and embryogenesis processes occurred more rapidly in G. hirsutum explants than those in G. barbadense explants. Using this protocol, normal plantlets of these cotton cultivars with strong roots were produced within 10 to 12 months. These methods could be used to increase the number of cotton genotypes that can be regenerated in tissue culture. 相似文献
3.
甘薯胚性细胞悬浮培养系的建立 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
地甘薯胚性细胞悬浮增减系的进行了研究。将１２个基因的长约０．５ｍｍ的茎尖培养在含有０．２ｍｇ／Ｌ或２．０ｍｇ／Ｌ２，４－Ｄ的ＭＳ培养基上，形成了胚性愈伤组织。胚性愈伤组织的形成率因基因型和２，４－Ｄ深度不同而很大差异，为０－７５．７％。一方面，将胚性愈伤组织继续增减在含有２，４－Ｄ的ＭＳ培养基上，它们形成了处于各发育时期的体细胞胚。将具有体细胞胚的胚性愈伤组织转移到ＭＳ基本培养基上，体细胞胚发育成 相似文献
4.
In vitro induction and characterization of somaclonal variation for red rot and other agronomic traits in sugarcane 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Gurpreet Singh S. K. Sandhu Madhu Meeta Karnail Singh Raman Gill S. S. Gosal 《Euphytica》2008,160(1):35-47
In the present investigation, optimal media compositions for enhancing the callus induction and subsequent plant regeneration
were worked out in sugarcane (Saccharum spp. complex). The field grown somaclones were characterized for yield and quality contributing traits in comparison to donor
variety CoJ 88. The MS + 2,4-D (4.0 mg/l) + kin (0.5 mg/l) + sucrose (30 g/l) was found to be the best for the callus induction
among the nine media compositions used. The highest shoot regeneration was 34.65% on MS + BAP (0.5 mg/l) followed by 31.07%
on MS + IAA (2.0 mg/l) + kin (0.5 mg/l) and the least 11.80% on MS + BAP (2.0 mg/l). The shoot elongation was optimum on MS + IBA
(5.0 mg/l). The rooting was carried on MS + NAA (3.0 mg/l) + IBA (2.0 mg/l) + sucrose (70 g/l). The somaclones, on field evaluation,
exhibited huge variability for characters viz., tiller number at 120 days of field transfer, number of millable canes, cane
height, number of nodes and internodal length at time of harvest and also for HR Brix at 240 and 300 days after field transfer.
In R0 generation, the variations induced for the characters such as stalk height after 120 days, HR Brix after 240 and 300 days
of field transfer were negatively skewed with most of somaclones having values higher than the population mean values thereby
offering adequate scope for improvement cane and quality. Elite somaclones marked for each trait were reported. Out of 228
somaclones inoculated with Cf 08 pathotype of red rot in R1, three were resistant, four were moderately resistant and 221 somaclones showed variable degree of susceptibility, whereas,
to Cf 03 pathotype, fourteen were resistant, nineteen were moderately resistant and 195 showed variable degree of susceptibility.
Three somaclones exhibited moderate resistance (MR) to both the pathotypes, whereas, donor variety CoJ 88 showed susceptible
reaction. These somaclones will further enhance the germplasm for sugarcane breeding. 相似文献
5.
外源激素对棉花体细胞胚胎发生及发育的调控作用 总被引：16，自引：6，他引：10
选用11种激素研究了外源激素对棉花胚性愈伤组织增殖、胚胎发生和发育的调控作用。结果表明，不同激素对棉花胚性愈伤组织增殖、胚胎发生与发育的影响不同。除2，4-D和BA对棉花胚性愈伤组织的增殖影响不大外，其它激素对棉花胚性愈伤组织的增殖均具有抑制作用，且具有一定的时间效应，同时还受基因型的影响。激素对棉花体细胞胚的形成和发育的影响极大，2，4-D既抑制了体细胞胚的形成，又抑制了体细胞胚的发育；TDZ的作用与2，4-D相似，显著抑制了体细胞胚的形成，且诱导获得的体细胞胚均停留在球形胚阶段；GA也抑制了体细胞胚的形成，且不利于体细胞胚的成熟与萌发；4BU-30对棉花体细胞胚形成与发育的影响不大。其它7类生长素类物质和细胞分裂素类物质对棉花体细胞胚的形成均具有促进作用，且依IBA、ABA、IAA、BA、KT、ZT、2iP次序增强，其总胚数为对照的1．193～3．852倍；其中2iP的促进作用最大，可使产生的体细胞胚数提高2．852倍。 相似文献
6.
低酚陆地棉直接体细胞胚胎发生和植株再生 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
选用低酚陆地棉无菌苗下胚轴为材料进行全固体组织培养,直接诱导获得了胚性愈伤组织,并进一步分化为再生植株.结果表明,激素是影响棉花直接体细胞胚胎发生的重要因素.MSB培养基中添加2,4-D有利于愈伤组织的形成,却不能直接诱导获得胚性愈伤组织.MSB培养基中添加IBA和BA也不能直接诱导获得胚性愈伤组织.MSB培养基附加适当浓度的IBA和KT能直接诱导出胚性愈伤组织.最适激素组合(1.0 mg/L IBA,0.5 mg/L KT)能使诱导棉花下胚轴产生大量胚性愈伤组织,并且在3个月内就可肉眼观察到不同发育时期的胚.MSB培养基中附加1.0 g/L谷氨酰胺和0.5 g/L天门冬酰胺有利于胚萌发成苗.本研究建立了简便高效的棉花直接体细胞胚胎发生和植株再生培养体系,从胚性愈伤组织诱导到植株再生约需5～6个月时间. 相似文献
7.
Summary Callus was obtained from immature excised embryos of triticale using MS medium supplemented with 3 mg/l 2,4-D and 1 mg/l kinetin. The presence of 2,4-D was essential for continued callus proliferation. Plantlets were induced from the calli by sub-culturing on medium either devoid of auxin or containing 0.1 mg/l 2,4-D. The capacity to produce callus and to form organs and plantlets differed markedly among the genotypes used. Lines also had distinct response to presence and absence of 2,4-D in the regeneration media. The callus of most triticale lines used differentiated into organs more readily on MS medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/l 2,4-D than on medium without growth regulators. Very high frequencies (up to 75%) of plantlet regeneration were observed in several of the triticale lines studied. 相似文献
8.
甘薯（Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.）及其近缘野生种原生质体的植株再生 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
对甘薯品种高系14号及其近缘野生种I.triloba L、和I.lacunosa L,进行原生质体植株再生研究。从离体培养植株的叶柄分离出原生质体,将其培养在含有0.05mg/L 2,4-D和0.5mg/L激动素(KT)的MS培养基中,从原生质体获得了高频率的愈伤组织。培养8-12周后,将直径达2—3mm的小愈伤组织转移到添加0.05mg/L 2,4-D的MS培养基上。转移3-6周后,将愈伤组织进一步转移到添加吲哚乙酸(IAA)和6-苄基嘌呤(BAP)的MS培养基上,一些愈伤组织再生出植株。未再生植株的愈伤组织进一步在MS基本培养基上培养,它们也再生出植株。本研究从I.triloba原生质体获得高频率的植株再生;首次从I.lacunosa原生质体再生出植株;从高系14号原生质体也再生出完整植株。 相似文献
9.
Continuous Plant Regeneration from Established Embryogenic Cell Suspension Cultures of Italian Ryegrass and Tall Fescue 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
The suitability of different protocols was compared for entire plant regeneration by somatic embryogenesis, of the forage plants Lolium multiflorum Lam. (Italian ryegrass) and Festuca arundinacea Schreb. (tall fescue). In the first protocol, miniature embryos were used as starting material, while mature seeds were retained in the other two. Whichever the considered protocol, undifferentiated calli were produced on Murashige and Skoog MS medium supplemented with 2,4-D. The calli were subcultured in the dark on solid MS agar medium, containing 5 mg/1 2,4-D (protocol 2) or on solid MS medium followed by transfer to a rotated liquid MS medium with 2 mg/1 2,4-D (protocol 1). In these conditions, induction of somatic embryogenesis occurred, and whole plants were regenerated during a limited lapse of time, upon transfer in the light, to MS medium supplemented with BAP but devoid of 2,4-D. The simultaneous elimination of 2,4-D and transfer to light appeared essential for full regeneration of the plants. Using this characteristic, an additional step was added to a new protocol (protocol 3) in which microcalli, cultured on liquid MS medium containing 5 mg/1 2,4-D, were transferred to the same medium with 2 mg/1 2,4-D, in the dark. In these conditions, the suspensions kept their embryogenic potential for months. In all cases, plantlets were successfully transferred into the soil. An evaluation of the somaclonal variation potential of the plants issued from each protocol is now underway. 相似文献
10.
Summary Plant regeneration from cultured immature inflorescence segments of Eleusine coracana was obtained by direct shoot development and somatic embryogenesis. Direct development of shoots from cultured inflorescence segments occurred on MS medium supplemented with 2,4-D in combination with zeatin. Inflorescences with well developed spikelets differentiated at a low frequency (<5%) from callus cultures initiated on media supplemented with 2,4-D in combination with zeatin or coconut water or picloram + kinetin. Somatic embryogenesis was also induced in callus cultures growing on MS + picloram + kinetin at the end of four passages. Supplementation of the media with different concentrations of sucrose showed 3% sucrose as the best concentration for plant differentiation from somatic embryos. The majority of the regenerated plants showed the diploid chromosome constitution in their root tips. The regenerants were in general shorter with an increased number of tillers compared to the control.Abbreviations CW
Coconut water
- 2,4-D
2,4-dichloro phenoxyacetic acid
- Kn
Kinetin
- Z
Zeatin 相似文献
11.
大麦原生质体培养再生胚性愈伤组织和白化苗 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
从来自春大麦品种“如车”成熟胚的愈伤组织中,挑选出适于悬浮培养的松脆型胚性愈伤组织,在短期内建立胚性细胞悬浮系。此系酶解后分离出的原生质体在修改的MS培养基上能够持续分裂形成愈伤组织。将其直接转至分化培养基上获得结构紧密的胚性愈伤组织并再生白化苗. 相似文献
12.
荔枝胚性悬浮细胞系的快速建立及其体胚植株的再生 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
荔枝幼胚诱导的胚性培养物在低糖条件下连续继代4~6次左右,可筛选到颗粒细小、不含原胚的松散型胚性愈伤组织;以这种松散的胚性愈伤组织作为起始材料,在附加2,4-D 2mg/L或2,4-D 2mg/L、KT1 mg/L、AgNO3 5mg/L的MS液体启动培养基上振荡培养（100~120 r/min）10~14 d,即可建立起分散性良好的胚性悬浮细胞系。采用激素减半的2种启动培养基交替继代培养或周期性固体－液体轮回培养,可以长期保持胚性悬浮细胞系。荔枝胚性悬浮细胞在附加NAA 0.1 mg/L、KT 或Ze 5 mg/L、肌醇100 mg/L、蔗糖50g/L、琼脂10g/L的MS固体培养基上诱导体胚,25~40d后可形成大量胚状体,诱导体胚数量达10,000个/g FW以上。经过成熟培养后,正常的体胚75%以上萌发再生完整植株。 相似文献
13.
研究旨在应用组织培养技术探究愈伤诱导及再分化的最适条件,以期为糜子建立遗传转化体系奠定基础。采用5个糜子品种研究愈伤诱导及再分化的最适条件。利用植物激素2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸(2,4-D)诱导茎尖愈伤组织,筛选出发芽率高、愈伤组织诱导率高、染菌率低的品种,并对诱导愈伤最适激素浓度及配比进行了鉴定。结果显示,‘冀黍2号’出芽率高、愈伤组织诱导率高、染菌率低,适宜进行组织培养;2,4-D对‘冀黍2号’愈伤诱导效果最好,最适浓度为2.5 mg/L,诱导率达86.67%,淡黄色块状,结构紧密,质地较硬,继代培养后形成的胚性愈伤组织状态更好。再分化过程中,2.5 mg/L 2,4-D+3.5 mg/L TDZ时,出现明显的嫩芽。该试验获得‘冀黍2号’愈伤诱导及再分化的最适条件,可为糜子再生体系的构建提供参考。 相似文献
14.
A protocol for in vitro induction of tetraploids via colchicine-treated somatic embryos from immature zygotic embryos of diploid grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) is reported. Embryogenic callus was initiated from immature zygotic embryos cultured on Nitsch and Nitsch (NN) medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/l 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). The callus was transferred to NN medium containing 1.0 mg/l α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and 0.5 mg/l benzyladenine (BA) to establish somatic embryogenesis. The vigorously growing globular embryos were selected and treated by 0, 10 or 20 mg/l colchicine for 1, 2 or 3 days, and then immediately transferred to NN medium supplemented with 0.03 mg/l NAA and 0.5 mg/l BA, for somatic embryo conversion and plant regeneration. The number of surviving embryos and regenerated plantlets following colchicine treatment decreased with increasing colchicine concentration and treatment time. Among 29 randomly investigated plantlets regenerated from colchicine-treated somatic embryos, five solid tetraploids (2n = 4× = 76) were identified by chromosome counting analysis; all others were diploid (2n = 2× = 38). Ploidy level of plant regenerated was also determined from leaves using flow cytometry. No chimeras with both 2C and 4C nuclei was produced from colchicine-treated somatic embryos. Significant differences in leaf stomata parameters were observed between diploid and induced tetraploid plantlets. 相似文献
15.
TDZ对橡胶树花药愈伤组织诱导和体细胞胚发生的影响 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
为了提高橡胶树优良品种的愈伤组织诱导和体细胞胚发生的频率,促进其花药植株再生体系的优化,以橡胶树品种‘云研73-477’、‘热垦525’和‘云研77-2’的花药为外植体,研究不同浓度的TDZ对愈伤组织诱导和细胞胚胎发生能力的影响。结果表明,在愈伤组织诱导实验中,MS+TDZ 0.2 mg/L+ 6-BA 1 mg/L+2,4-D 1.5 mg/L+NAA 0.5 mg/L+椰子水50 mL/L+蔗糖70 g/L效果最好,诱导率均达到最大,分别为98%、98.67%、28.6%,当TDZ浓度逐步升高时,其诱导率又有所下降。在体细胞胚诱导实验中,愈伤组织诱导阶段加入TDZ对体细胞胚的发生有抑制作用;将愈伤组织转移到不含TDZ的培养基中继代增殖后,体细胞胚的诱导率随继代次数的增加呈上升趋势;愈伤诱导阶段使用的TDZ浓度越低越利于体细胞胚的分化;在体胚诱导阶段以TDZ代替KT后,体细胞胚诱导率较低,且分化出的体胚为畸形胚。这表明TDZ虽然有利于愈伤组织的产生和生长,但不利于体细胞胚的发生。 相似文献
16.
B. S. Ahloowalia 《Euphytica》1982,31(3):755-759
Summary A procedure for plant regeneration from callus culture of potato, Solanum tuberosum L. is described. Calli were induced from 1–2 mm long shoot apices of potato cultivars Cara and A25/19 on half-strength Murashige and Skoog's medium (half-MS) supplemented with 3.2 mg IAA (indole-3-acetic acid), 1.0 mg kinetin (6-furfurylamino)purine], and 0.5 mg 2,4-D [2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid]/1. Sixty percent explants produced nodular calli on this medium within 30 days. Calli differentiated into shoot-primordia when subcultured on half-MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg 2,4-D and 1.0 mg zeatin [6-(4-hydroxy-3-methybut-2 enylamino)amino purine]/1. Differentiated calli on half-MS medium without growth hormones produced complete plantlets which were cloned on the same medium and transferred into soil. 相似文献
17.
为探索杜仲胚性愈伤组织诱导的条件,建立杜仲体细胞胚胎发生初步体系,以杜仲幼嫩叶片和未成熟合子胚为外植体、MS为基本培养基,探究外源激素配比、未成熟合子胚发育阶段与基因型对愈伤组织诱导的影响,并从形态学和细胞学对愈伤组织进行胚性的判断。试验结果表明：4种不同激素配比的培养基诱导出的叶片愈伤组织在形态上具有差异,MS+ 2,4-D 2 mg/L+ 6-BA 1 mg/L和MS+ 2,4-D 2 mg/L+6-BA 0.5 mg/L有利于叶片胚性愈伤组织诱导;在培养基MS+ 2,4-D 2 mg/L+ 6-BA 1 mg/L上,以未成熟合子胚为外植体诱导出4种类型愈伤组织,其中圆球形和颗粒型突起的愈伤组织具有胚性;未成熟合子胚采集时间对愈伤组织诱导率具有显著差异,6月14日采集的外植体愈伤诱导率最高,不同基因型差异不显著。 相似文献
18.
以刺五加种子为外植体,采用固体培养筛选出最优培养基,并成功地诱导出体细胞胚获得再生植株,以此来建立一套成熟稳定的刺五加体细胞胚再生体系。试验结果表明, 最适宜的胚性愈伤组织诱导培养基为1/3MS+1.0 mg?L-12,4-D,其诱导率可达50%;胚性愈伤组织增殖的最适培养基为1/3MS+1.0 mg?L-12,4-D,其增殖倍数可达4.24倍;胚性愈伤组织在不添加任何植物生长调节物质的1/3MS培养基上培养,可促进体细胞胚的形成、萌发及植株转化率。添加10 g?L-1蔗糖时,体细胞胚的发芽率达到90%,植株转化率达到97.8%。 相似文献
19.
新疆棉花4个主栽品种的体细胞胚胎发生及植株再生 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
以新疆4个主栽棉花品种新陆中20、新陆早24、新陆早33和03298为材料, 通过不同浓度的激素组合成功地诱导获得了体细胞胚并进一步发育成苗。研究发现, 所用的4种激素组合均能有效诱导愈伤组织, 其中又以0.02 mg L-1或0.10 mg L-1 KT和0.1 mg L-1 2,4-D组合的诱导效果最佳; 两个诱导措施有利于胚性愈伤组织的产生, 即沿中柱纵切棉花下胚轴切段, 并以纵切面接触培养基; 愈伤组织诱导培养基中KNO3用量加倍。挑选黄绿色、灰绿色或浅绿色的质地疏松的愈伤组织继代于无激素且KNO3含量加倍的培养基中可产生胚性愈伤组织, 并在高比例KT/2, 4-D(0.05 mg L-1或0.10 mg L-1 KT和0.01 mg L-1 2,4-D)促进下发育成胚。借助在培养基上垫滤纸产生干燥作用, 并间隔使用强透气效果的棉塞对培养三角瓶进行透气处理, 体细胞胚可成熟发育并产生根系发达的正常再生植株。应用此法, 4个实验材料在6~8个月内即可获得大量再生苗。 相似文献
20.
Homozygous doubled-haploid plantlets derived from anther culture of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and triticale (×Triticosecale Wittmack) are useful breeding materials. However, efficiency of an-drogenesis needs improvement. We used media (basic components, are the same as 85DI2) each containing one of the seven auxins [2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5–T), P-chloraphenoxyacetic acid (pCPA), 3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid (dicamba), 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid (picloram), indole-3-butrytic acid (IBA), indole-3-acctic acid (IAA), and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) as a control] in combination with 6-furturyl-aminopurine (kinetin). In addition, each of the four cytokinins [6-benzylaminopurine (6-HA), 2-isopenlylnyl adenine (2-ip), 6-(4-hydroxy-3-meihylbut-2-enylamino) purinc (zeatin), and kinetin as a control] was tested in combination with 1-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). Anthers containing microsporcs at miduninucleatc stage from live wheat cultivars (Angus, Centurk, Chris, K.itt, and Pavon 76) and two octoploid trilicale lines (T81, T82) were tested mainly for callus induction and polyhaploid production on each of the 11 media. The cultivar × medium interaction was not significant, When averaged over all growth regulators, Pavon was (he best cultivar which produced 14.4 % calli and 23 % polyhaploid plantlets. Averaged over all cultivars, the medium containing 2, 4-U produced the highest calli (13.9 %). Undifferentiated calli were regenerated on 87T1 medium, which contained IAA (1 mg/1) and kinetin (2 mg/1). 相似文献