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1.
Lowland rice significantly contributes to world as well as Brazilian rice production and information on genotypes potassium-use efficiency is limited. A greenhouse experiment was conducted with the objective to evaluate lowland rice genotypes for potassium (K)–use efficiency. Ten genotypes were evaluated at 0 mg K kg?1 (low) and 200 mg K kg?1 (high) of soil. Grain yield and shoot dry weight were significantly affected by K as well as genotype treatments. Genotypes CNAi 8860, CNAi 8859, BRS Fronteira, and BRS Alvorada were the best in relation to K-use efficiency because they produced best grain yield at low as well as at higher K levels. Shoot dry weight, number of panicles per pot, and 1000-grain weight had highly significant (P < 0.01) association with grain yield. Spikelet sterility, however, had significant negative association with grain yield. These plant parameters were mainly influenced by genotypes, indicating importance of selecting appropriate genetic material for improving grain yield. Soil K depletion was significant at harvest, suggesting large amount of K uptake by lowland rice genotypes.  相似文献   

2.
Rice, dry bean, corn, and soybean are important food crops. Phosphorus (P) deficiency is one of the most yield-limiting factors for these crops grown on highly weathered Brazilian Oxisols. Four greenhouse experiments were conducted to determine P requirements of these four crops. The P levels used were 0, 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg kg?1. Growth, yield, and yield components evaluated of four crop species were significantly increased with the application of P fertilization. Most of the responses were quadratic in fashion when the P was applied in the range of 0 to 400 mg kg?1. Maximum grain yield of upland rice was obtained with the application of 238 mg P kg?1 of soil, maximum dry bean grain yield was obtained with the application of 227 mg P kg?1 of soil, and maximum grain yield of soybean was obtained with the application of 224 mg P kg?1 of soil. Maximum shoot growth of corn was obtained with the addition of 323 mg P kg?1 of soil. Most of the growth and yield components had significant positive association with grain yield or shoot dry weight. Phosphorus concentration and uptake were greater in the grain compared to straw in upland rice and dry bean plants. Overall, P-use efficiencies decreased with increasing P rates.  相似文献   

3.
Nitrogen (N) is one of the most yield limiting nutrients in lowland rice production. Improving N use efficiency is essential to reduce cost of crop production and environmental pollution. A greenhouse experiment was conducted with the objective to compare conventional and polymer coated urea for lowland rice production. Grain yield, straw yield, panicle density, maximum root length, and root dry weight were significantly increased in a quadratic fashion with the increase of N rate from 0 to 400 mg kg?1 soil. Nitrogen source X N rate interactions for most of these traits were not significant, indicating that lowland rice responded similarly to change in N rates of two N sources. Based on regression equations, maximum grain yield was obtained with the application of 258 mg N kg?1 soil and maximum straw yield was obtained with the addition of 309 mg N kg?1 soil. Nitrogen use efficiency (grain yield per unit of N applied) was maximum for polymer coated urea compared to conventional urea. Root length and root dry weight improved at an adequate N rate, indicating importance of N fertilization in the absorption of water and nutrients and consequently yield. Polymer coated urea had higher soil exchangeable calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg), Ca saturation, Mg saturation, base saturation, and effective cation exchange capacity compared to conventional urea. There was a highly significant decrease in soil exchangeable potassium (K) with increasing N rates at harvest of rice plants.  相似文献   

4.
Two greenhouse experiments were conducted simultaneously to evaluate polymer-coated and common urea in upland rice production. The nitrogen (N) levels used for both the N sources were from 0 to 400 mg kg?1 of soil. Maximum grain yield was obtained with the addition of 167 mg N kg?1 polymer-coated urea and 238 mg N kg?1 common urea. Maximum value of other plant traits was obtained with N applied from 233 to 313 mg kg?1 depending on plant traits and N source. Nitrogen-use efficiency (NUE) decreased with increasing N rate in the two N sources. Based on results of growth, yield, and yield components, and NUE it can be concluded that the N sources were equally effective in upland rice production. Base saturation, pH, and exchangeable calcium (Ca) increased with increasing N rates while iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and copper (Cu) contents decreased with the increasing N rates.  相似文献   

5.
Dry bean is an important legume worldwide, and potassium (K) deficiency is one of the important constraints for bean production in most of the bean growing regions. A greenhouse experiment was conducted with the objective to evaluate fifteen dry bean genotypes grown on a Brazilian lowland (Inceptisol) United States Soil Taxonomy classification and Gley humic Brazilian Soil Classification system), locally known as “Varzea” soil. The K rate used was 0 mg kg?1 (low, natural soil level) and 200 mg kg?1 (high, applied as fertilizer). Straw yield, seed yield, pods per plant, seeds per pod, 100 seed weight, and seed harvest index were significantly increased with the addition of K fertilizer. These traits were also significantly influenced by genotypic treatment. Similarly, root length and root dry weight were also influenced significantly by K and genotype treatments. The K X genotype interactions for most of these traits were also significant, indicating variation in these traits with the variation in K level. Based on seed yield efficiency index (SYEI), genotypes were classified as efficient, moderately efficient, and inefficient in K use efficiency. Maximum grain yield was obtained with 74 mg K kg?1 extracted by Mehlich 1 extracting solution. Similarly, K saturation required for maximum grain yield was 1.1%.  相似文献   

6.
Molybdenum (Mo) is an essential micronutrient for crop plants, and its deficiency has been reported in many parts of the world. Two greenhouse experiments were conducted with the objective to determine Mo requirements of dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) grown on a Brazilian Oxisol with and without liming. The Mo treatments were 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 mg kg?1. In one experiment dolomitic lime was added at the rate of 2.5 g per kg of soil before the application of Mo treatments and incubated 5 weeks before sowing. In other experiments, Mo treatments were same as the lime-added experiment but no lime was added. Most of the growth, yield, and yield components were significantly increased with the addition of Mo in both the experiment. Growth, yield, and yield components were increased in a quadratic fashion when Mo was applied in the range of 0 to 20 mg kg?1. Maximum shoot dry weight was obtained with the addition of 17 mg Mo kg?1 in the experiment with Mo rates without lime and 9.69 mg Mo kg?1 in the experiment of Mo rates with lime application. Maximum seed yield was obtained with the application of 10.48 mg Mo kg?1 in the experiment that did not receive lime along with Mo treatments and 10.28 mg Mo kg?1 in the experiment that received lime along with Mo treatments. Similarly, the maximum number of pods per plant was obtained with the addition of 9.33 mg Mo kg?1 in the experiment that did not receive lime and 8.83 mg Mo kg?1 in the experiment that did receive lime. Maximum root length was obtained with the addition of 12.38 Mo kg?1 in the experiment that did not receive lime and 9.75 mg Mo kg?1 in the experiment that received lime. Maximum root dry weight was obtained with the addition of 11.67 mg Mo kg?1 in the experiment that did not receive lime and 9.28 mg Mo in the experiment that received lime. Soil properties determined after harvest of dry bean plants were not influenced significantly with the addition of Mo in the Oxisol under investigation.  相似文献   

7.
Soybean is an important crop for the Brazilian economy, and soil acidity is one of the main yield-limiting factors in Brazilian Oxisols. A field experiment was conducted during three consecutive years with the objective to determine soybean response to liming grown on Oxisols. Liming rates used were 0, 3, 6, 12, and 18 Mg ha?1. Liming significantly increased grain yield in a quadratic trend. Ninety percent maximum economic grain yield (2900 kg ha?1) was achieved with the application of about 6 Mg lime ha?1. Shoot dry weight, number of pods per plant, and 100-grain weight were also increased significantly in a quadratic fashion with increasing liming rate from 0 to 18 Mg ha?1. These growth and yield components had a significant positive association with grain yield. Maximum contribution in increasing grain yield was of number of pods per plant followed by grain harvest index and shoot dry weight. Uptake of nitrogen (N) was greatest and phosphorus (P) was least among macronutrients in soybean plant. Nutrient-use efficiency (kg grain per kg nutrient accumulation in grain) was maximum for magnesium (Mg) and lowest for N among macronutrients. Application of 3 Mg lime ha?1 neutralized all aluminum ions in soil solution. Optimal acidity indices for 90% of maximum yield were pH 6.0, calcium (Ca) 1.6 cmolc kg?1, Mg 0.9 cmolc kg?1, base saturation 51%, cation exchange capacity (CEC) 4.8 cmolc kg?1, Ca/Mg ratio 1.9, Ca?/?potassium (K) ratio 5.6, and Mg/K ratio 3.0.  相似文献   

8.
Phosphorus (P) deficiency is one of the most yield-limiting factors in lowland rice production on Brazilian Inceptisol. The objective of this study was to evaluate eight P sources for lowland rice production. The P sources were simple superphosphate (SSP), polymer-coated simple superphosphate (PSSP), ammoniated simple superphosphate (ASSP), polymer-coated ammoniated simple superphosphate (PASSP), triple superphosphate (TSP), polymer-coated triple superphosphate (PTSP), monoammonium phosphate (MAP), and polymer-coated monoammonium phosphate (PMAP). These P sources were applied in four rates (i.e., 50, 100 200, and 400 mg P kg?1) + one control treatment (0 mg P kg?1). Plant height, straw yield, grain yield, panicle number, and root dry weight were significantly increased in a quadratic fashion with increasing P levels from 0 to 400 mg kg?1 of all the P sources evaluated. However, overall maximum root length and P-use efficiency were significantly less at greater P levels. Based on regression equation, maximum plant height was obtained with 262 mg P kg, maximum straw yield was obtained with 263 mg P kg?1, maximum grain yield was obtained with 273 mg P kg?1, and maximum panicle density was obtained with 273 mg P kg?1. Plant growth and yield components had significant positive association with grain yield, except maximum root length. Based on grain yield and average P rate of maximum grain yield, which is 273 mg kg?1, P sources were classified for P-use efficiency in the order of PSSP = TSP > PTSP > PASSP > SSP > MAP > ASSP. Soil chemical properties [pH; P; potassium (K); calcium (Ca); magnesium (Mg); hydrogen (H) + aluminum (Al); cation exchange capacity (CEC); base saturation; Ca, Mg, and K saturation; acidity saturation; Ca/Mg, Ca/K, and Mg/K ratios] changed significantly with the addition of different P treatments.  相似文献   

9.
Upland rice is an important crop in the cropping systems of South America, including Brazil. Two greenhouse experiments were conducted to determine influence of lime and gypsum on yield and yield components of upland rice and changes in the chemical properties of an Oxisol. The lime rates used were 0, 0.71, 1.42, 2.14, 2.85, and 4.28 g kg?1 soil. The gypsum rates were 0, 0.28, 0.57, 1.14, 1.71, and 2.28 g kg?1. Lime as well as gypsum significantly increased plant height, straw and grain yield, and panicle density in a quadratic fashion. Adequate lime and gypsum rates for maximum grain yield were 1.11 g kg?1 and 1.13 g kg?1, respectively. Plant height, straw yield, and panicle density were positively related to grain yield. Lime as well as gypsum application significantly changed extractable calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), hydrogen (H)+aluminum (Al), base saturation, and effective cation exchange capacity. In addition, liming also significantly increased pH, extractable phosphorus (P) and potassium (K), calcium saturation, magnesium saturation, and potassium saturation. Optimum acidity indices for the grain yield of upland rice were pH 6.0, Ca 1.7 cmolc kg?1, base saturation 60%, and calcium saturation 47%. In addition, upland rice can tolerate 42% of acidity saturation.  相似文献   

10.
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a staple food for more than 50% of the world’s population, and phosphorus (P) is one of the most yield-limiting nutrients for rice production in tropical acidic soils worldwide. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to evaluate efficiency of six P sources for upland rice production. The P sources used were simple superphosphate (SSP), polymer-coated SSP (PSSP), triple superphosphate (TSP), polymer-coated TSP (PTSP), monoammonium phosphate (MAP), and polymer-coated MAP (PMAP). There were four P rates [50, 100 200, and 400 mg phosphorus (P) kg?1] applied with four sources plus one control treatment [0 mg phosphorus (P) kg?1]. Plant height, straw yield, grain yield, panicle density, root dry weight, maximum root length, and 1000-grain weight were significantly increased with increasing P rates in the range of 0 to 400 mg P kg?1. However, P-use efficiency (mg grain produced per mg P applied) was decreased with increasing P rate. Based on regression equation, overall maximum plant height was obtained with the application of 235 mg P kg?1, maximum straw yield with the application of 265 mg P kg?1, and maximum grain yield at 227 mg P kg?1. Based on maximum grain yield, the P source were classified as PMAP > SSP = MAP > PSSP > TSP > PTSP in the upland rice production efficiency. Overall, maximum panicle density was obtained with the addition of 231 mg P kg?1 and maximum 1000-weight was obtained with the addition of 226 mg P kg?1. Similarly, overall root dry weight and maximum root length were achieved with the application of 261 and 298 mg P kg?1 of soil. Most of the growth and yield components had a significant positive association with grain yield. Optimum soil acidity indices such as pH; exchangeable calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and potassium (K); Ca, Mg, and K saturation; base saturation; and acidity saturation were established for maximum upland rice grain yield.  相似文献   

11.
Deficiency of micronutrients increasing in field crops, including upland rice in recent years. The objective of this study was to determine requirement of zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) boron (B) and iron (Fe) for upland rice grown on a Brazilian Oxisol. The levels used were: Zn (0, 10, 20, 40, and 80 mg kg?1), Cu (0, 5, 10, 20 and 40 mg kg?1), B (0, 5, 10, 20 and 40 mg kg?1) and Fe (0, 250, 500, 1000, and 2000 mg kg?1). Plant height, straw yield, grain yield, panicle number and grain harvest index (GHI) were significantly improved with the addition of these micronutrients. Root growth was also improved with the application of micronutrients, except with the addition of B. Maximum grain yield was obtained with the addition of 51 mg Zn, 24 mg Cu, 5 mg B kg?1, and 283 mg Fe kg?1 soil. Similarly, maximum straw yield was obtained with the addition of 38 mg Zn, 17 mg Cu, 6 mg B kg?1, and 1500 mg Fe kg?1 soil. Maximum plant height was obtained with the addition of 54 mg Zn, 10 mg B kg?1, and 1197 mg Fe kg?1 soil. Copper did not affect plant height significantly. Maximum panicle number was obtained with the addition of 22 mg Cu kg?1, 3 mg B kg?1, and 1100 mg Fe kg?1 soil. Zinc did not affect panicle number significantly. Maximum GHI was obtained with the addition of 61 mg Zn kg?1, and 8 mg B kg?1. Zinc was had a linear increase in GHI in the range of 0 to 80 mg kg?1, and Fe showed a negative relationship with GHI.  相似文献   

12.
Nitrogen (N) deficiency is one of the most yield-limiting nutrients in upland rice growing regions word wide. A greenhouse experiment was conducted with the objective to evaluate nineteen upland rice (Oryza sativa. L.) genotypes for N use efficiency. The soil used in the experiment was an Oxisol and two N levels used were without N application (low level) and an application of 400 mg N kg?1 of soil (high level). Grain yield and yield components and N uptake parameters were significantly affected by N and genotype treatments. Regression analysis showed that plant height, shoot dry weight, number of panicles per pot, number of grains per panicle, grain harvest index, N uptake in shoot and grain were having significant positive relation with grain yield. Nitrogen concentration of 6.4 g kg?1 in the shoot is established as deficient level and 9.5 g kg?1 as sufficient level at harvest. Agronomic efficiency of N (grain yield/unit of N applied) and N utilization efficiency (physiological efficiency X apparent recovery efficiency) were significantly different among genotypes. These two N use efficiencies were having significant quadratic relationship with grain yield. Soil pH, exchangeable soil Ca and base saturation were having significantly positive association with grain yield. However, soil extractable phosphorus (P), potassium (K), hydrogen (H+), aluminum (Al) and cation exchange capacity were having significantly negative association with grain yield.  相似文献   

13.
Phosphorus (P) deficiency is one of the most yield limiting factors for dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) production in tropical acid soils. Dry beans are invariably grown as mono-crops or as inter-crops under the perennial tropical crops. Information is limited regarding the influence of phosphorus fertilization on dry bean yield and yield components and P use efficiency in tropical acid soils. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to evaluate the influence of phosphorus fertilization on dry bean growth, yield and yield components and P uptake parameters. Phosphorus rates used were 0, 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 mg P kg?1 of soil. Soil used in the experiment was an acidic Inceptisol. Grain yield, shoot dry weight, number of pods, and 100 grain weight were significantly (P < 0.01) increased with phosphorus fertilization. Maximum grain yield, shoot dry matter, number of pods, and 100 grain weight were obtained with the application of 165, 216, 162, and 160 mg P kg?1 of soil, respectively, as calculated by regression equations. Grain yield was significantly and positively associated with shoot dry weight, number of pods, P concentration in grain and total uptake of P in shoot and grain. Phosphorus use efficiency defined in several ways, decreased with increasing P rates from 50 to 250 mg P kg?1 of soil. Maximum grain yield was obtained at 82 mg kg?1 of Mehlich 1 extractable soil P. Results suggest that dry bean yield in Brazilian Inceptisols could be significantly increased with the use of adequate rates of phosphorus fertilization.  相似文献   

14.
Rice is a main food crop for about half of the world's population, and phosphorus (P) is the main limiting nutrient in rice production in tropical lowlands. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to evaluate P requirements of lowland rice grown on a lowland soil (Inceptisol). Dry matter, grain yield, and yield-attributing characteristics were significantly (P < 0.01) influenced by P fertilization. Based on quadratic response, maximum shoot dry weight and grain yield were obtained with the application of 190 mg P kg?1 of soil. Maximum panicle, tiller number, and plant height were obtained with the application of 177 192, and 175 mg P kg?1 of soil, respectively. Mehlich 1–extractable P for maximum grain yield was 15.6 mg kg?1 of soil. Variability in grain yield with plant growth and yield parameters was in the order of tiller > shoot dry weight > panicle number > spikelet sterility > plant height > grain harvest index > panicle length > weight of 1000 grains. Phosphorus uptake in shoot and concentration and uptake in grain significantly (P < 0.01) increased grain yield. However, variability in grain yield was greater with concentration and uptake of P in the grain. Similarly, P harvest index was also significantly associated with grain yield. Agronomic P-use efficiency, apparent P-recovery efficiency, and P-utilization efficiency decreased quadratically with increasing P rates, whereas physiological P-use efficiency increased quadratically and agrophysiological P-use efficiency decreased linearly with increasing P rates. Agrophysiological and utilization P-use efficiencies had significant positive correlation with grain yield.  相似文献   

15.
Copper (Cu) is an essential micronutrients and its deficiency has been reported in many crops including dry bean. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to evaluate thirty dry bean genotypes (G) for Cu-use efficiency. The Cu levels used were low (natural soil level) and adequate [10 mg Cu kg?1 soil, applied with copper sulfate (24 percent Cu)]. Straw yield, seed yield, number of pods per plant, seed per pod, seed harvest index (SHI), maximum root length (MRL), and root dry weight (RDW) were significantly affected by Cu and genotype treatments. The Cu × G interactions were also significant for these traits, indicating variation in genotype responses with the variation in Cu levels. Based on seed yield efficiency index (SYEI), genotypes were grouped in three classes: Cu efficient, moderately Cu efficient, and Cu inefficient. Fifty-three percent of the genotypes were classified as efficient, 40 percent were classified as moderately efficient, and 7 percent were classified as inefficient in Cu-use efficiency.  相似文献   

16.
Upland rice is an important crop in South America, including Brazil. Nutrient interactions are important in determining crop yields. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to evaluate interaction among nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) in upland rice production. The treatments applied to upland rice grown on an Oxisol were three levels of N (N0, N150 and N300 mg kg?1), three levels of P (P0, P100 and P200 mg kg?1) and three levels of K (K0, K100 and K200 mg kg?1). These treatments were tested in a 3 × 3 × 3 factorial arrangement. Grain yield, shoot dry weight, plant height, root dry weight, maximum root length, panicle number, 1000-grain weight, and grain harvest index were significantly influenced by N, P, and K treatments. The treatment that did not receive P fertilization did not produce panicle or grain. Hence, P was most yield-limiting nutrient compared to two other nutrients. At the N0P0K0 treatment, rice did not produce grains, indicating severe deficiency of these nutrients in Brazilian Oxisols. Maximum grain yield was obtained with the N300P200K200 treatment. Grain yield had significant positive association with plant height, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, maximum root length, 1000-grain weight, panicle number, and grain harvest index. Among these growth and yield components, shoot dry weight had the highest positive association with grain yield and root length minimum positive association with grain yield. Hence, adopting adequate soil and crop management practices can improve growth and yield components and increase grain yield of upland rice.  相似文献   

17.
Rice is important crop for world population, including Brazil. Nitrogen (N) is one of the most yield limiting nutrients in rice production under all agro-ecological conditions. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to evaluate N responses to 12 lowland rice genotypes. Soil used in the experiment was a Gley humic according to Brazilian soil classification system and Inceptisol according to USA soil taxonomy classification. The N rates used were 0 mg kg?1 (low) and 300 mg kg?1 (high) of soil. Plant height, straw yield, grain yield, panicle density, 1000 grain weight, and root dry weight were significantly increased with the addition of N fertilization. These growth, yield, and yield components were also significantly influenced by genotype treatment. Grain yield had significant linear or quadratic association with shoot dry weight, panicle number and 1000 grain weight Based on grain efficiency index genotypes were classified as efficient, moderately efficient and inefficient in N use. The N efficient genotypes were ‘BRS Tropical’, ‘BRS Jaçanã’, ‘BRA 02654’, ‘BRA 051077’, ‘BRA 051083’, ‘BRA 051108’, ‘BRA 051130’ and ‘BRA 051250’. Remaining genotypes fall into moderately efficient group. None of the genotypes were grouped as inefficient in N use efficiency.  相似文献   

18.
Upland rice is an important crop in South American cropping systems. In Brazil it is mainly grown in the central area, locally known as the Cerrado region. Soils of the Cerrado region are acidic and have poor fertility. A greenhouse experiment was conducted with the objective to evaluate thirty upland rice genotypes for acidity tolerance. Two acidity levels were created: high (without lime addition) and low (addition of 2.5 g dolomitic lime per kg soil). Plant height, straw yield, grain yield, panicle number, thousand-grain weight, spikelet sterility, grain harvest index (GHI), maximum root length, and root dry weight were significantly influenced by lime and genotype treatments. Lime × genotype interactions were also significant for most of these traits, indicating variation in these treats with the variation in acidity levels. Based on grain yield acidity tolerance index (GYATI), genotypes were classified as tolerant, moderately tolerant, and susceptible to soil acidity. Among thirty genotypes, 30 percent were classified as tolerant, 53 percent were classified as moderately tolerant, and 17 percent were classified as susceptible to soil acidity. Most of the growth, yield, and yield components had significant quadratic positive association with grain yield across two acidity levels. Soil acidity indices such as pH, base saturation, calcium (Ca) saturation, magnesium (Mg) saturation, and potassium (K) saturation increased with the addition of lime. Phosphorus content also increased with the addition of lime. However, hydrogen and aluminum (H + Al) and iron (Fe) content decreased with the addition of lime. Adequate soil acidity indices for grain yield were established.  相似文献   

19.
Ammonium sulfate and urea are main sources of nitrogen (N) for annual crop production in developing countries. Two greenhouse experiments were conducted using ammonium sulfate and urea as N sources for upland rice grown on a Brazilian Oxisol. The N rates used were 0, 50, 100, 150, 3000, and 400 kg N kg?1 of soil. Yield and yield components were significantly increased in a quadratic fashion with increasing N rate. Ammonium sulfate X urea interaction was significant for grain yield, shoot dry matter yield, panicle number, plant height and root dry weight, indicating a different response magnitude of these plant parameters to two sources of N. Based on regression equation, maximum grain yield was achieved with the application of 380 mg N kg?1 by ammonium sulfate and 271 mg N kg?1 by urea. Grain yield and yield components were reduced at higher rates of urea (>300 mg kg N) but these plant parameters’ responses to ammonium sulfate at higher rates was constant. In the intermediate N rate range (125 to 275 mg kg?1), urea was slightly better compared to ammonium sulfate for grain yield. Grain yield was significantly related with plant height, shoot dry weight, panicle number, grain harvest index and root dry weight. Hence, improving these plant characteristics by using appropriate soil and plant management practices can improve upland rice yield.  相似文献   

20.
Dry bean along with rice is a staple food for the population of South America. In this tropical region beans are grown on Oxisols and phosphorus (P) is one of the most yield limiting factors for dry bean production on these soils. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to evaluate P use efficiency in 20 elite dry bean genotypes grown at deficient (25 mg P kg?1 soil) and sufficient (200 mg P kg?1) levels of soil P. Grain yields and yield components were significantly increased with P fertilization and, interspecific genotype differences were observed for yield and yield components. The grain yield efficiency index (GYEI) was having highly significant quadratic association with grain yield. Based on GYEI most P use efficient genotypes were CNFP 8000, CNFP 10035, CNFP10104, CNFC 10410, CNFC 9461, CNFC 10467, CNFP 10109 and CNFP 10076 and most inefficient genotypes were CNFC 10438, CNFP 10120, CNFP 10103, and CNFC 10444. Shoot dry weight, number of pods per plant, 100-grain weights and number of seeds per pod was having significant positive association with grain yield. Hence, grain yield of dry bean can be improved with the improvement of these plant traits by adopting appropriate management practices. Soil pH, extractable P and calcium (Ca) saturation were significantly influenced by P treatments. Based on regression equation, optimum pH value in water was 6.6, optimum P in Mehlich 1 extraction solution was 36 mg kg?1 and optimum Ca saturation value was 37% for dry maximum bean yield.  相似文献   

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