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1.
施钾量和施钾时期对棉花产量及不同部位棉铃纤维品质性状的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
在大田试验条件下,以鲁棉研28号为材料,设置两个施钾量（K2O 100和150 kg/hm2）,采用一次性基施,1/2基施、1/2花铃期追施,研究施钾量和施钾时期对棉花（Gossyium hirsutum L.）产量及不同部位棉铃纤维品质性状的影响。结果表明:与不施钾相比,施钾显著提高了籽棉产量和皮棉产量;在施钾量为K2O 150 kg/hm2的条件下,与一次性基施相比,分期施钾极显著提高了籽棉产量和皮棉产量;采用分期施钾时（1/2基施、1/2花铃期追施）,随施钾量增加,籽棉产量和皮棉产量均显著增加,单株成铃数的增加是产量提高的主要原因。结果还表明,与不施钾相比,施钾显著提高了中部及上部果枝内围果节的马克隆值,分期施用K2O 150 kg/hm2显著提高了中部果枝外围果节的纤维长度、比强度以及中部果枝内围果节的纤维成熟度;在施钾时期相同的条件下,增加施钾量对纤维长度、比强度无显著影响,在施钾量相同的条件下,与一次性基施相比,分期施钾对纤维比强度无显著影响。 相似文献
2.
海岛棉资源自然复合盐胁迫综合评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为筛选适合盐碱地种植的海岛棉品种,本试验以203份海岛棉进行自然复合盐胁迫筛选及评价。结果表明,株高、始节高、果枝数、蕾铃脱落数、蕾铃脱落率及单铃籽棉产量耐盐系数呈现下降,衣分、铃数、始节数、有效铃数、有效果枝数、单铃皮棉产量、单株籽棉产量及单株皮棉产量耐盐系数略有上升。变异系数表现为单株皮棉、籽棉产量最高。相关分析表明,果枝数与铃数存在显著性正相关,蕾铃脱落率与铃数、始节高、始节数、果枝数、有效铃数、有效果枝数、蕾铃脱落数存在显著相关性,单株皮棉产量与衣分、铃数、果枝数、有效铃数、有效果枝数、蕾铃脱落数、蕾铃脱落率、单铃籽棉产量、单铃皮棉产量、单株籽棉产量存在显著相关性。相关性分析表明,皮棉产量鉴定值、主成分综合得分、隶属函数值、综合得分D值之间均呈显著正相关(P<0.01),说明可以通过这4个指标结合进行海岛棉综合评价及分类。海岛棉资源以耐盐、中耐盐为主,极端材料相对较少,通过对比发现果枝松散型较紧凑型耐盐性更强;此外,筛选到1份耐复合盐极强品种Pima 4,并通过逐步回归筛选到6个海岛棉耐盐指标。本研究为海岛棉花铃期耐复合盐品种的筛选提供了一定的理论依据、鉴定指标及方法。 相似文献
3.
以耐热差异明显的海岛棉品种‘新海43号’（XH43）和‘新海49号’（XH49）为材料,于盛花期在田间搭设塑料棚进行为期3d（H3）、6d（H6）和9d（H9）的增温处理,增温结束后立即恢复自然温度,以田间不搭棚的自然温度为对照（CK）,研究不同天数高温处理对海岛棉净光合速率、成铃率及不同部位果枝产量和品质的影响。结果表明：（1）高温胁迫降低了XH43和XH49的产量及产量构成因素,其中H6、H9处理均达到显著水平;高温胁迫显著降低了中部果枝的铃数、单铃重、衣分和籽棉产量,但显著增加了上部果枝铃数,促进了上部果枝产量的提高。（2）高温胁迫对XH43和XH49的纤维品质无显著影响,但导致两品种中部果枝棉铃上半部平均长度、整齐度指数和断裂比强度显著降低。而高温胁迫显著提高了上部果枝棉铃的断裂比强度,其中H6、H9处理均达到显著水平,较对照分别增加2.19%～5.12%和4.48%～7.59%。（3）高温胁迫下XH49各部位产量和品质变化幅度均大于XH43,表明高温胁迫对XH49影响更为严重。（4）花铃期短期高温胁迫,导致中部果枝棉铃大量脱落及发育受阻。在生殖生长后期,H6、H9处理后的棉株净光合速率显著高于对照,增温处理增强了棉株后期光合生产能力,进而提高了上部果枝的铃数、产量和断裂比强度。 相似文献
4.
Xiao Wang Ibrahim Mohamed Maha Ali Mohamed H. H. Abbas Ghulam Mustafa Shah Fang Chen 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2019,182(1):72-81
A rhizobox experiment was conducted to compare the differences of soil potassium (K) distribution and absorption between two cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) genotypes under drought and K‐deficit conditions. Treatments included two levels of water (drought and optimum soil moisture: 25% and 35% volumetric water content) and K fertilizer rates (0 and 0.48 g potash kg?1 soil) applied to two cotton genotypes (namely HEG and LEG). Both the genotypes showed significant differences in total K accumulation without exogenous K addition. After absorption, soil content of the readily available potassium (RAK) decreased rapidly. This promoted the conversion of the mineral K into slowly available potassium (SAK). Drought significantly decreased the cotton growth and K use efficiency, and thereby reduced the effect of K fertilizer. Consequantly, the contents of RAK and SAK were greatly increased. However, K bioavailability was decreased under water stress conditions. Differences in root parameters and soil microorganisms between two cotton genotypes were significantly increased and had marked relations with available soil K contents. This study provides important information for understanding the mechanism of K use efficiency, especially under water and K stress. 相似文献
5.
硫肥对棉花蕾铃脱落及产量的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
本文就硫素与棉花蕾铃脱落和产量的关系进行了研究。试验结果表明,在传统施肥量330kg N/hm2,60kg P/hm2情况下,棉花蕾铃脱落率达70.3%;在增加氮磷肥施用量并补施硫酸钾情况下,棉花蕾铃脱落率为68.5%,说明硫酸钾有效降低了棉花的蕾铃脱落率。在传统施肥量基础上施用硫磺30.0kg/hm2对棉花的蕾铃脱落没有影响,但是增加了棉花单株结铃数、提高了产量。与不施硫相比,施硫使棉花单株结铃数增加14.7%,产量增加了15.7%。上述结果说明,在新疆高产棉田中使用单质硫肥能够进一步增加棉花产量。 相似文献
6.
7.
种植密度对转基因棉氮、磷、钾吸收和利用的影响 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
在江苏地区棉花高产条件下,研究了种植密度(12000、21000、30000、39000、48000和57000 plant/hm2)对转基因棉湘杂棉8号养分吸收和利用的影响.结果表明,随种植密度的增加,棉株氮、磷、钾养分累积吸收量均呈线性升高,而生殖器官氮、磷、钾养分累积吸收量和养分经济系数则呈抛物线函数变化,均以30000 plant/hm2密度为最高,与皮棉产量的变化趋势完全相同.种植密度对开花至盛花阶段棉株养分吸收比率的影响大于其他阶段,密度增大显著降低植株在开花～盛花阶段氮、磷、钾的吸收比例.随种植密度的增加,每生产100 kg皮棉的养分摄取量逐渐上升,但对钾的吸收比例明显下降.高密度显著降低了上、中、下不同部位果枝的氮、磷、钾养分浓度和提高了不同部位果枝的群体养分吸收量,并使果枝营养早衰,下部果枝表现尤其明显,这与铃重的果枝空间分布相吻合. 相似文献
8.
Sayed Ahmed Hamed Reda Zewail Hala Abdalrahman Ghazal El-Alal Fekry Kee Woong Park 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(18):2337-2348
AbstractImplementation of proper management practices using biological approaches is important to maintain soil quality and cotton yield in sandy desert soils of Egypt. This experiment was conducted at the Agriculture Experimental farm, Kafer El-Sheikh governorate, Cotton Research Institute of Egypt during 2016–2017 seasons to study the effect of inoculation with bacterial strains of Bacillus circulance (BC) and Bacillus megatherium (BM) and their co-inoculation in combinations with 50% and 100% of recommended dose fertilization (RDF) on growth, yield, and fiber properties of Egyptian cotton Giza-94. Results showed that all important morphological attributes of cotton such as plant growth, number of fruit sympodial branches, number of bolls per plant, boll weight, lint cotton yield and fiber properties significantly increased with the increase rate of RDF, and inoculation of cotton seeds with the bacterial strains exerted additive effects. The highest increase of cotton yield was observed at the combined use of bacterial strains BC?+?BM with 50% RDF followed by BC?+?BM with 100% RDF treatment which attributed on the cotton yield increase by 33% and 15% compared to the respective control. The application of Bacillus strains as a biofertilizer could be an alternative option to reduce considerable amounts of chemical fertilizers input by enhancing nutrient use efficiency (NUE) and, thereby, improves cotton productivity. 相似文献
9.
包膜氯化钾一次基施对棉花生长周期钾素供应、 产量及品质的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
【目的】钾是影响棉花生长发育和纤维品质的重要因素,本文旨在探究一次基施控释钾肥对棉花产量、 品质和钾肥利用率的影响,为棉花合理施用钾肥提供理论依据。【方法】以国欣棉3号为试验材料,在氮磷肥相同的条件下,连续2年盆栽试验。设6个处理: 1)不施钾肥(CK); 2)一次基施普通氯化钾(KCl); 3)40%基施+60%初花期追施氯化钾(KClD); 4)一次基施硫酸钾(KS); 5)40%基施+60%初花期追施硫酸钾(KSD); 6)一次基施控释氯化钾(CRK),每个处理重复四次。测定了苗期、 蕾期、 初花期、 盛花期、 始絮期和收获成熟期土壤速效钾含量和棉花株高、 茎粗,调查了籽棉产量,分析了品质指标和钾素吸收量。【结果】控释钾肥一次性基施(CRK)较普通钾肥显著提高了初花期、 盛花期、 始絮期及收获期的土壤速效钾含量。CRK较KCl处理增产23.6%,比KS处理增产15.6%,比KClD处理增产16.0%,与KSD处理差异不显著。CRK较KCl处理显著提高了衣分值,其余处理间单铃重及衣分差异不显著。CRK显著提高纤维长度、 伸长率和断裂比强度,但马克隆值和整齐度与其他处理差异不显著。速效钾肥追施较一次基施处理显著增加了生物量和吸钾量,但均低于控释钾肥处理。CRK处理的钾素利用率较KCl处理显著提高41.9%~50.9%,较KS处理提高27.3%~29.9%,较KClD处理提高21.1%~25.2%。【结论】本试验采用的控释钾肥钾素释放高峰期(80~110天)与棉花养分吸收高峰基本吻合,在棉花上一次基施对不同生育期的钾素供应优于普通钾肥一次性基施,也好于普通钾肥基施加追施,较速效钾肥显著提高了棉花的产量、 品质和钾肥利用率。 相似文献
10.
通过田间试验研究了硼、氮配施对棉花产量及其构成因子、叶柄环带及养分吸收的影响。结果表明:硼、氮在棉花上,有一定的交互作用,在相同施氮量下,棉花叶柄环带出现率、株环带叶数和叶环带圈数均随施硼量的增加而显著降低;施硼量从0 kg/hm~2增至13.5 kg/hm~2时,叶片的氮、磷、硼和叶绿素含量增加,棉花的株高、分枝数、铃数、铃重、衣分和产量均显著提高。施硼量从13.5 kg/hm~2增至27 kg/hm~2时,两个氮水平下的叶片磷、钾、硼和叶绿素含量没有显著变化,270 kg/hm~2氮水平下棉花叶片的氮含量、株高、铃重和铃数降低,产量没有变化,而在375 kg/hm~2氮水平下棉花叶片氮含量、株铃数、铃重、衣分和产量显著增加。对相同量硼处理,增施氮肥提高了棉花叶柄环带出现率、株环带叶数和叶环带圈数、叶片氮和叶绿素含量,而对叶片磷、钾、硼和产量没有显著影响。在施硼肥13.5 kg/hm~2,施氮量为270 kg/hm~2时,棉花产量达到最高值3 592 kg/hm~2。说明湖北天门地区棉田适当增加硼肥的同时减少氮肥用量可有效缓解棉花缺硼症状和提高产量。 相似文献
11.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(10):835-850
Abstract The effect of S fertilization on growth characteristics, nutrient status and yield of cotton were studied during the growing seasons of 1980 and 1981. Four experiments were conducted on Mollic Hapludalf and Arenic Hapludalf soils using a randomized complete block design with four replications. Leaf samples were taken one week prior to boll set and analyzed for N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn and B. Yield, plant populations and plant height were measured at time of plant maturity. Percent blooms reaching maturity, staple length, micronaire and percent lint were determined at one location in 1981. Lack of yield response to S treatments suggest the initial soil SO4 =‐S level was sufficient for optimum yield. Plant height and plant populations were not affected by S. Differences in plant height due to N treatment were noted. Percent lint, staple length, micronaire, percent blooms reaching maturity and days from bloom to maturity were not affected by S treatment. There was positive correlation between S treatment and Ca and S status of plant; negative relationships with N and P and other nutrients were not affected. 相似文献
12.
Muhammad Farrukh Saleem Muhammad Faisal Bilal Shakeel Ahmad Anjum Muhammad Aown Sammar Raza Mudassar Maqbool Azhar Ghaffari 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2016,47(2):156-166
Removal of early fruiting branches with greater potassium doses caused more source and no sink at early stages of growth, leading to improved yield, yield components, and fiber quality traits in Bt cotton. The study used manual alteration of plant architecture (F1, no branch removal; F2, removal of first fruiting branch; F3, removal of first and second fruiting branches; F4, removal of all squares from first fruiting branch; F5, removal of all squares from first and second fruiting branches) and potassium rates (50, 100, and 150 kg ha?1) in a randomized complete block design and was repeated for 2 years (2011 and 2012). Increasing potassium application increased total bolls per plant and cotton yield to the greatest levels in F3 and F5, against lowest level in the control. Ginning out turn, fiber length, seed oil, and seed protein content were influenced by fruiting branch or square removal but the difference was less. Increasing potassium improved seed and fiber quality. 相似文献
13.
盛铃期补施钾肥对不同群体棉花光合特性和产量品质的影响 总被引：7，自引：4，他引：7
在大田条件下,采用随机区组设计,研究了中期(7月28日)补施75.kg/hm2钾肥对去叶枝常规密度群体和留叶枝稀植大棵群体后期棉花叶片光合特性和产量品质的影响。结果表明,两种不同类型棉花群体中期补施钾肥,均能延缓叶片衰老,保持生育后期有较高的叶面积,并能显著提高棉花生育后期主茎叶片叶绿素含量、光合效率、PSⅡ潜在光化学活性FV/FO、实际光化学效率ФPSⅡ和气孔导度Cs;显著降低非光化学猝灭系数(NPQ),从而提高了后期群体和叶片对光能的利用;有效地增加了总铃数和铃重,使子棉产量提高8.9%～9.3%,纤维比强度增强。 相似文献
14.
This study has been taken up to generate information on potassium status in maize rhizosphere soils differing in their clay content at different levels of added potassium. Soils with larger amounts of clay showed greater amounts of water soluble and ammonium acetate extractable K (NH4OAc K) in both the rhizosphere as well as non-rhizosphere. In the absence of added K (control), non-rhizosphere samples showed higher water soluble and NH4OAc K ranging from 8.0 to 28.9 mg kg?1 and from 132.5 to 294.0 mg kg?1, respectively compared to rhizosphere samples where water soluble K varied between 6.0 and 26.5 mg kg?1 and NH4OAc K from 125.0 to 262.5 mg kg?1. The difference in K content between rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere which could have been resulted from plant K uptake was significantly related with clay content (r = 0.98**) in control whereas at 150 mg kg?1 K addition this relationship was found to be non significant (r = 0.64NS). Electro ultra filtration (EUF) fractions also showed similar differences in K contents in soil between rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere. 相似文献
15.
控释钾肥对大蒜-棉花套作体系产量和土壤钾素供应的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
于2013-2015年在山东农业大学试验站进行连续3年5季的池栽试验,以硫酸钾基施(CK1)和氯化钾基施(CK2)为对照,探究氯化钾50%基施+50%盛花期追施(KCl D)、氯化钾配施硫磺基施(KCl S)、控释氯化钾基施(CRK)和控释氯化钾配施硫磺基施(CRKS)对棉花各生育期叶片光合特性和土壤速效钾含量变化以及蒜棉套作体系产量的影响,为棉花合理施用钾肥提供理论依据。结果表明,控释氯化钾在土壤中养分释放能够满足棉花各生育期钾素需求。CRKS较普通钾肥基施处理提高了铃期和始絮期土壤速效钾含量,提高了铃期后叶片SPAD值和净光合速率,增加了成铃数和单铃重,皮棉显著增产16.9%~30.9%。CRKS较KCl D和CRK皮棉分别增产12.2%~16.1%和8.7%~10.4%。大蒜蒜薹和鳞茎产量均以CRKS最高,较其余处理分别增产2.8%~27.9%和4.8%~23.5%。CRKS较CK2显著提高了纤维长度、整齐度指数和伸长率。经过3年施肥后,CRKS较普通钾肥基施显著提高了土壤水溶性钾和非特殊吸附钾含量。因此,控释氯化钾配施硫磺在棉花上一次基施代替硫酸钾和氯化钾提高了棉花生长后期土壤钾素供应和有效性,改善了叶片光学特性,提高了棉花产量和品质。 相似文献
16.
Muhammad Faisal Bilal Muhammad Ashfaq Wahid Amir Shakeel Andrew French Muhammad Sarwar 《Journal of plant nutrition》2017,40(14):1978-1992
Commercial cultivation of Bt cotton produced higher boll load which led to stiff inter-original competition for photosynthates, resulting in early cessation of growth (premature senescence) due to more availability of sink and less sources. To overcome this problem, field experiment was conducted during 2011 and 2012 using five treatments of plant growth manipulation viz. no fruiting branch removal (F1), removal of first fruiting branch (F2), removal of first and second fruiting branch (F3), removal of all squares from first fruiting branch (F4), removal of all squares from first and second fruiting branches (F5), and three potassium (K) application rates viz. 50 kg ha?1 (K1), 100 kg ha?1 (K2), and 150 kg ha?1 (K3). More nodes above white flower were recorded in F5, followed by F3, while minimum were recorded in F1. Among potassium levels, maximum nodes above white flower were recorded in K3 followed by K2 and K1 during both years of study. Plant height recorded at physiological cutout stage or at maturity stage showed that plants gained more height with removal of all squares from first tosecond fruiting branches with higher potassium dose. Leaf K increased with increasing applied potassium and also with square/branch removal. So early removal of squares/fruiting branches along with higher potassium dose helped in delaying canopy senescence in Bt cotton. 相似文献
17.
Photosynthetic irradiance has variable effects on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) growth, development, lint yield and fiber quality. However, little is known about the effect of shade on the mineral nutrient status of cotton plants. A two‐year study was conducted to determine the effects of shade (63% light reduction) at different growth stages on mineral nutrient concentrations in plant components of field‐grown cotton. Averaged over the three growth stages of first flower, peak flower, and boll development, an 8‐day period of shade increased petiole NO3‐N, phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and sulfur (S) concentrations by 145, 17, 20, and 18%, respectively. Total nitrogen (N), P, K, S, calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) concentrations in the leaf blades of the sampled petioles increased 19, 29, 22, 22, 13, and 16%, respectively, compared with those of unshaded control plants. However, bracts and floral buds of 20‐day‐old squares of shaded cotton plants showed a slight decrease (6%) in total N concentration, and increases in the other mineral nutrient concentrations. The increased mineral nutrients of shaded plants were closely associated with decreased carbohydrate accumulation. Shade during plant reproductive growth significantly affected nutrient status and TNC/N ratio of cotton. This study indicated that light intensity at the time of sampling can cause non‐representative nutrient analysis and erroneous diagnostic recommendations. Therefore, the time of day and light conditions must be considered when sampling cotton petioles and other tissues for nutrient diagnoses. 相似文献
18.
Christos Dordas 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(1):160-176
Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is often grown on calcareous soils where manganese (Mn) deficiency is quite common. Despite the fact that Mn deficiency can limit cotton productivity the effect of foliar application of Mn was not determined. A field study was conducted to determine if foliar Mn applications during anthesis affects the growth and yield of cotton. Manganese increased the chlorophyll content by up to 17% compared with the control treatment with no difference between the two rates of Mn. Moreover, Mn increased the seed yield by an average of 30%, the number of bolls per plant by 31%, the number of bolls per square meter by 31% and boll retention by 37% compared with the control, but it did not affect the mean boll weight and the quality of the fibers. Foliar application of Mn increased seed germination by an average of 14% and increased seed vigor (AA) by an average of 28% compared with the control treatment. The results obtained here suggest that foliar Mn application can improve the lint and seed yield and also the seed quality of cotton grown for seed production on calcareous soils. 相似文献
19.
《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(6):1023-1039
Abstract A field experiment was conducted to assess the effectiveness of fruiting positions along sympodia under varying levels and sources of potassium (K) fertilizer on field-grown cotton in an arid environment. Treatments consisted of four rates of K (0, 62.5, 125.0, 250.0 kg K ha? 1) and two types of K (K2SO4 and KCl). Cotton cultivar S-12 (Gossypium hirsutum L.) was used as a test crop. Plant mapping data showed that the total number of fruiting positions, number of intact fruit on sympodia/monopodia, and percent of bolls per position on sympodia differed greatly under different doses of K fertilizer. The percentage of fruit retention was markedly improved under increasing doses of K fertilizer as compared with the K-unfertilized treatment. The percent survival of harvestable bolls for the first five positions along sympodia at the end of the season was 30%, 25%, 18%, 13%, and 8%, respectively. Potassium fertilization stimulated cotton crop in lengthening sympodial branches and retaining more fruit on the first three positions and also at the bottom of the plant during the early reproductive phase. The fruiting pattern was 2–3 and 6–7 d vertical and horizontal fruiting interval, respectively. 相似文献
20.
《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(7):1295-1317
Abstract A field experiment was conducted at Central Cotton Research Institute, Multan, Pakistan on Miani soil series, silt loam soil (Calcaric, Cambisols and fine silty, mixed Hyperthermic Fluventic Haplocambids) to assess the response of four cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivars to potassium (K) fertilization. The treatments consisted of four cotton cultivars (CIM-448, CIM-1100, NIAB-Karishma, S-12), four potassium rates (0, 62.5, 125, 250 kg K ha?1), and two sources of potassium fertilizer [muriate of potash (KCl) and sulphate of potash (K2SO4)]. The cotton cultivars differed significantly in response to various potassium fertilizer levels and its sources with respect to seed cotton yield and its components. The highest yield was obtained with the application of 250-kg K ha?1, however, it was economical to add 125 kg K ha?1. Seed cotton yield of cv. CIM-448 was considerably greater than that of the other cultivars in K-unfertilized treatments, which was related to cultivar differences in K uptake efficiency in utilizing native potassium nutrient. Potassium added as muriate of potash caused a significant depression in seed cotton yield than that of sulphate of potash. The increase in yield seemed to have resulted largely from the higher K concentration of leaf tissues at bloom stage and available soil-K because of potassium application. A significant relationship between the yield and number of bolls per plant (r = 0.92**) and boll weight (r = 0.85**) indicated that these two growth attributes were responsible for enhancing the quantum of final harvest of seed cotton. 相似文献