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1.
Fractionation of Zinc in Paddy Soils of China   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  
The rice fields in China amount to 25.4 million hectares of which low yield paddy soils areabout 26％(Xu,1981;Xiao,1981).One of the most important causes of low yield is the defi-ciency in nutrients including zinc.Zinc deficiency usually occurs in calcareous paddy soils withpH>6.5(Zhu and Liu,1981).And the availability of zinc in calcareous paddy soils is lowerthan that in neutral and acid paddy soils.  相似文献   

2.
The transformation and availability of various forms of Zn applied into a cinnamon soil and a carbonate meadow soil as well as the effects of fertillizer-P on them were studied by using the field experiment method and chemically sequential extraction procedure.Zn added into the soils was found to be rapidly transformed into the various forms. In the cinnamon soil,the amount of Zn transformed into the carbonate bound form was the highest,and the carbonate bound form was proven by the analyses of intensity factor and capacity factor to be the primary available Zn pool.But in the carbonate meadow soil,the Zn transformed was relatively homogeneously distributed in the various forms though the amount of Zn transformed into the Mn-oxide bound form was relatively high,and the organically bound,Mn-oxide bound and amorphous Fe-oxide,bound forms were found to be the main available Zn pool.Fertilizer-P took part in the regulation and control of available Zn in the soils to a certain degree.In the carbonate meadow soil,application of P fertilizer probably aggravated Zn deficiency at low Zn rate,while it was favorable to the storage of available Zn in the case of high Zn rate.  相似文献   

3.
Abstract

Two pot experiments under greenhouse condition were carried out to study the influence of vermicompost and zinc‐enriched compost with two levels of iron and zinc on the productivity of geranium (Pelargonium graveolens). Joint application of vermicompost and zinc‐enriched compost was effective in increasing the herb and oil yield over sole application of iron and zinc. Combined application of vermicompost and zinc‐enriched compost gave better herb and oil yield in both the experiments. With application of vermicompost and zinc‐enriched compost with two graded levels of iron, higher N, P, and K concentrations were observed with application of vermicompost (5 g kg?1), vermicompost (5 g kg?1), and Fe 12.5 ppm+Zn‐enriched compost 2.5 g kg?1 soil, respectively, over control. Highest reduction in soil pH was observed with an application of vermicompost at 5 g kg?1 soil; maximum soil organic carbon content was also recorded in the same treatment. In experiment II, joint application of vermicompost, zinc‐enriched compost, and graded levels of zinc recorded highest N, P, and K concentration with treatments of Zn (15 ppm)+vermicompost (2.5 g kg?1), vermicompost (5 g kg?1), and Zn (15 ppm)+vermicompost (2.5 g kg?1 soil), respectively. Nitrogen, P, and K content increased by 36, 125, and 305%, respectively, with these treatments over the control.

Chemical constituents of geranium oil such as cis‐rose oxide, isomenthone, linalool, citronellyl, geranylformate, geranyl, and epi‐γ‐eudesmol were significantly improved by combined application of Zn with vermicompost and Zn‐enriched compost as compared to sole application of Zn. Similar effects were observed with Fe in combination with vermicompost and Zn‐enriched compost on most of the chemical constituents of geranium oil. Physicochemical properties of the soil were also improved as macro‐ and micronutrient availability markedly increased in both the experiments because of combined application of vermicompost and Zn‐enriched compost with two levels of Zn and Fe.  相似文献   

4.
Abstract

Rice–wheat cropping system covers about 24 million hectares in China, India, Pakistan, Nepal, and Bangladesh, and zinc deficiency is widespread in rice–wheat belts of all these five countries. The current practice of applying zinc sulfate heptahydrate (ZnSO4 · 7H2O) to soil is problematic because of the poor quality of the nutrients available in the market to the farmers. Zinc (Zn)–coated urea is therefore being manufactured to guarantee a good‐quality Zn source. This article reports the results from a field study conducted to study the relative efficiency of zinc sulfate and zinc oxide (ZnO)–coated ureas in rice–wheat cropping system. The highest grain yield of rice–wheat cropping system was obtained with 2.0% coating of urea. Zinc sulfate was also a better coating material than ZnO. Partial factor productivity, agronomic efficiency, apparent recovery, and physiological efficiency of applied Zn decreased as the level of Zn coating was increased.  相似文献   

5.
Abstract

Greenhouse experiments were carried out to study the influence of gyttja, a sedimentary peat, on the shoot dry weight and shoot concentrations of zinc (Zn) and boron (B) in one bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L., cv. Bezostaja) and one durum wheat (Triticum durum L., cv. Kiziltan) cultivar. Plants were grown in a Zn‐deficient (DTPA‐Zn: 0.09 mg kg?1 soil) and B‐toxic soil (CaCl2/mannitol‐extractable B: 10.5 mg kg?1 soil) with (+Zn = 5 mg Zn kg?1 soil) and without (?Zn = 0) Zn supply for 55 days. Gyttja containing 545 g kg?1 organic matter was applied to the soil at the rates of 0, 1, 2.5, 5, and 10% (w/w). When Zn and gyttja were not added, plants showed leaf symptoms of Zn deficiency and B toxicity, and had a reduced growth. With increased rates of gyttja application, shoot growth of both cultivars was significantly enhanced under Zn deficiency, but not at sufficient supply of Zn. The adverse effects of Zn deficiency and B toxicity on shoot dry matter production became very minimal at the highest rate of gyttja application. Increases in gyttja application significantly enhanced shoot concentrations of Zn in plants grown without addition of inorganic Zn. In Zn‐sufficient plants, the gyttja application up to 5% (w/w) did not affect Zn concentration in shoots, but at the highest rate of gyttja application there was a clear decrease in shoot Zn concentration. Irrespective of Zn supply, the gyttja application strongly decreased shoot concentration of B in plants, particularly in durum wheat. For example, in Zn‐deficient Kiziltan shoot concentration of B was reduced from 385 mg kg?1 to 214 mg kg?1 with an increased gyttja application. The results obtained indicate that gyttja is a useful organic material improving Zn nutrition of plants in Zn‐deficient soils and alleviating adverse effects of B toxicity on plant growth. The beneficial effects of gyttja on plant growth in the Zn‐deficient and B‐toxic soil were discussed in terms of increases in plant available concentration of Zn in soil and reduction of B uptake due to formation of tightly bound complexes of B with gyttja.  相似文献   

6.
The objective of this study was to examine the effect of soil pH on zinc (Zn) sorption and desorption for four surface soils from the Canterbury Plains region of New Zealand. Zinc sorption by the soils, adjusted to different pH values, was measured from various initial solution Zn concentrations in the presence of 0.01 M calcium nitrate [Ca(NO3)2]. Zinc desorption isotherms were derived from the cumulative Zn desorbed (µg g?1 soil) after each of 10 desorption periods by sequentially suspending the same soil samples in fresh Zn‐free 0.01 M Ca(NO3)2. Zinc sorption and desorption varied widely with soil pH. Desorption of both native and added Zn decreased continuously with rising pH and became very low at pH values greater than 6.5. The proportion of sorbed Zn that could be desorbed back into solution decreased substantially as pH increased to more than 5.5. However, there were differences between soils regarding the extent of the hysteresis effect.  相似文献   

7.
ABSTRACT

A pot experiment was conducted in a greenhouse on a calcareous soil (fine, mixed, mesic, Fluventic Haploxerepts) to study the interaction of zinc (Zn) and boron (B) on the growth and nutrient concentration of corn (Zea mays L.). Treatments consisted of a factorial arrangement of seven levels of B (0, 2.5, 5, 10, 20, 40, and 80 mg kg? 1as boric acid), two sources of Zn [zinc sulfate (ZnSO4 · 7H2O) and zinc oxide (ZnO)], and three levels of Zn (0, 5, and 10 mg kg? 1) in a completely randomized design with three replications. Plants were grown for 70 d in 1.6 L plastic containers. Applied Zn significantly increased plant height and dry matter yield (DMY) of corn. Source of Zn did not significantly affect growth or nutrient concentration. High levels of B decreased plant height and DMY. There was a significant B × Zn interaction on plant growth and tissue nutrient concentration which were rate dependent. In general, the effect of B × Zn interaction was antagonistic on nutrient concentration and synergistic on growth. It is recommended that the plants be supplied with adequate Zn when corn is grown in high B soils, especially when availability of Zn is low.  相似文献   

8.
Removal efficiencies of cyanide and a zinc–cyanide complex in solutions were studied by using an ion-exchange process at pH 10.0 and 12.0. An anion-exchange resin, AMBERLITE® IRA-402 Cl, was used to perform packed bed continuous experiments. For the initial 200 mg/l cyanide solution, the packed bed gave a cyanide effluent concentration of 0.2 mg/l at 80 bed volumes for both pH 10.0 and 12.0. Comparatively, in the mixture of 200 mg/l cyanide and 100 mg/l zinc, packed bed volumes were obtained as 80 and 90 at pH 10.0 and 12.0, respectively, to have 0.2 mg/l cyanide effluent concentrations. The packed beds were exhausted at 250 and 400 bed volumes for cyanide and zinc–cyanide complex solutions, respectively. Speciation calculations in Zn(II)/cyanide/OH? were used to interpret the results. The exchange capacities of the resin were determined as ～1.2 and ～0.9 meq/ml resin for cyanide and zinc–cyanide complex solutions, respectively, and were independent of pH in the studied pH range.  相似文献   

9.
The effect of the zinc (Zn) nutritional status on the rate of phyto‐siderophore release was studied in three wild grass species (Hordeum murinum, Agropyron orientale, and Secale cereale) grown in nutrient solution under co‐trolled environmental conditions. These wild grasses are highly “Zn‐efficient”; and grow well on severely Zn‐deficient calcareous soils in Turkey (DTPA‐extractable Zn was 0.12 mg/kg soil and CaCO3 was 37%). In all wild grasses studied, Zn deficiency reduced shoot growth but had no effect on root growth. Low amounts of phytosiderophores were released from roots of all wild grasses adequately supplied with Zn. In plants grown without Zn, release of phytosiderophores progressively increased with the onset of visual Zn deficiency symptoms, such as inhibition of shoot elongation and appearance of chlorotic and necrotic patches on leaves. Compared to Zn‐sufficient plants, phytosiderophore release increased 18–20‐fold in deficient plants. HPLC analysis of root exudates showed that the dominating phytosiderophore in Zn‐deficient Agropyron and Hordeum was 3‐epi‐hydro‐xymugineic acid (epi‐HMA) and was 3‐hydroxy‐mugineic acid (HMA) in Secale. Besides HMA, epi‐HMA and mugineic acid (MA) were also detected in exudates of Zn‐deficient Secale. The results indicate the importance of phytosiderophores in adaptation of wild grasses to Zn‐deficient calcareous soils. Phytosiderophores might enhance mobilization of Zn from sparingly soluble Zn pools and from adsorption sites, both in the rhizosphere and within the plants.  相似文献   

10.
《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(5):1085-1099
Abstract

Phosphorus (P)–zinc (Zn) interactions in two barley cultivars (Clipper and Sahara) differing in P and Zn efficiencies were investigated in a pot experiment carried out in a growth chamber. A highly calcareous field soil from a semi‐arid region of South Australia was used. Five levels of P addition and three levels of Zn addition were used. Plants were harvested five weeks after emergence. Increase in P supply significantly increased plant shoot biomass and tissue P concentrations in both cultivars, indicating that the soil used is P deficient. Zinc additions with low P additions caused slight decreases in plant biomass. However, Zn addition did increase plant growth when higher levels of P were applied demonstrating the importance of the balance Zn and P supply. Results showed that the genotypic difference between the two cultivars in P uptake efficiency (specific P uptake, SPU) can be altered by Zn–P interactions, and that total Zn uptake by Sahara was higher than Clipper irrespective of P supply. Tissue Zn concentrations decreased significantly with an increase in P supply in both cultivars. Increase in P supply drastically reduced the molar ratio of Zn to P in shoots (MRZP), and addition of Zn compensated for the reduction in MRZP due to P addition. The role of P–Zn interactions in the context of nutritional quality of plant food is also discussed.  相似文献   

11.
Seventeen Mollisols having pH(1:2) in the range of 6.00 to 8.42 were analyzed with five extractants, and the extractable zinc (Zn) ranges were 0.84 to 2.75 mg Zn kg?1 soil for diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) (pH 7.3), 0.91 to 2.72 mg Zn kg?1 soil for DTPA + ammonium bicarbonate (pH 7.6), 1.82 to 7.18 mg Zn kg?1 soil for Mehlich 3, 1.22 to 3.83 mg Zn kg?1 soil for ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) + ammonium carbonate, and 0.88 to 1.18 mg Zn kg?1 soil for 1 mol L?1 magnesium chloride (MgCl2) (pH 6.0). Zinc extracted by DTPA (pH 7.3) and Mehlich 3 showed significant positive correlation with sand content, whereas only Mehlich 3 showed negative correlation with soil pH. All extractants showed significant positive correlation with each other except for 1 mol L?1 MgCl2‐extractable Zn, which had significant positive correlation with only Mehlich 3– and EDTA + ammonium carbonate–extractable Zn. A greenhouse experiment showed that Bray's percentage yield of rice was poorly correlated to extractable soil Zn but had a significant and negative linear correlation with soil pH (r = ?0.662, significant at p = 0.01). Total Zn uptake by rice had a significant positive correlation with 1 mol L?1 MgCl2– and Mehlich 3–extractable Zn. A proposed parameter (p extractable Zn + p OH?) involving both soil extractable Zn and pH terms together showed significant and positive correlation with Bray's percentage yield and total Zn uptake of rice. The calculated values of critical limits of soil Zn in terms of the proposed parameter were 14.1699 for DTPA (pH 7.3), 13.9587 for DTPA + ammonium bicarbonate, 13.7016 for Mehlich 3, 13.9402 for EDTA + ammonium carbonate, and 14.1810 for 1 mol L?1 MgCl2 (pH 6.0). The critical limits of Zn in rice grain and straw were 17.32 and 22.95 mg Zn kg?1 plant tissue, respectively.  相似文献   

12.
Abstract

Vertisols of India are developed over isohyets of 600 to 1500 mm, and their chemical cycles are set by drainage, landforms, and particle size, which results in variable pedogenic development within the otherwise homogeneous soils. The purpose of this study was to identify pedogenic processes in the distribution of total and DTPA‐extractable zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), and iron (Fe). The soils are developed over basaltic parent material of Cretaceous age. Soil samples were drawn from genetic horizons of the 13 benchmark profiles and analyzed by using HF–HClO4 acid for total and DTPA extraction. Correlation coefficients were calculated taking all samples together. The total concentration varied from 24 to 102 mg kg?1 for Zn, 21 to 148 mg kg?1 for Cu, 387 to 1396 mg kg?1 for Mn, and 2.36 to 9.50% for Fe. Their variability was proisotropic and haplodized, and their concentrations increased with advancing isohyets. Within the isohyets, hindrance in drainage caused retention of Zn and Cu but loss of Fe. The piedmont soils had more Fe than alluvium soils. The spatial distribution of total contents of Zn, Cu, and Fe was influenced by the pedogenic processes associated with Haplusterts but not with provenance materials. Surface concentrations of the elements by biotic lifting and/or harvest removal were negated by the pedoturbation that further contributed to the irregular distribution of the elements in the profiles. Total Zn and total Cu had positive coefficients of correlations with coarse clay, whereas total Mn and total Fe were positively correlated with fine clay. The DTPA‐extractable forms were functions of isohyets and drainage and showed association with organic carbon content and coarse clay.  相似文献   

13.
Radish (Raphanus sativus cv. Akamaru‐Hatsukadaikon) was grown for several experiments in a glasshouse with zinc (Zn) supply in the nutrient solution. Lack of Zn resulted in stunted growth and reduced leaf of radish shoots were observed. Two‐dimensional thin layer chromatography (TLC) and gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) analysis revealed the presence of endogenous indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA) in Zn‐deficient radish shoots. An estimate has been made of alkali‐labile (1 and 7N NaOH) IAA in Zn‐deficient radish shoots with the use of gas chromatography (GC). The level of 7N NaOH‐labile IAA (peptidic + ester + free) and IN NaOH‐labile IAA (ester + free) in Zn‐deficient radish shoots was almost the same as that of control radish shoots. These results suggest that Zn nutrition did not affect the level of endogenous IAA in radish shoots.  相似文献   

14.
Abstract

An incubation experiment was conducted to ascertain the effects of three olive‐derived organic amendments (fresh, compost, and vermicompost olive cake) on the soluble and diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA)–extractable lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) and on different enzymatic activities in an artificially contaminated calcareous soil. Application of the compost and vermicompost, which increased amounts of humic acids in soil, initially stimulated dehydrogenase, ß‐glucosidase, and urease activities, which tended to decline afterward. In contrast, dehydrogenase and ß‐glucosidase activities were lower after application of the fresh olive cake. Amounts of soluble Pb and Zn increased when fresh olive cake was added to the soil, due to the high content of water‐soluble carbon in this amendment. On the contrary, application of the compost and vermicompost decreased the concentration of soluble Zn and did not change the soluble Pb levels in the soil. The DTPA‐Pb and DTPA‐Zn were scarcely affected by the application of the three olive‐derived amendments.  相似文献   

15.
Bush bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv Contender) were grown for twenty days in nutrient solution (pH=5), containing 0.13, 0.3, 0.5 or 0.75 mg 1‐1 Zn as ZnSO4‐7H2O. The plant yield decreased linearly with the increase of the Zn concentration supplied. The phytotoxic threshold content (for 10% growth reduction) was about 486, 242, 95 and 134‐ μg Zn g‐1 for roots, steins, mature primary and trifoliate leaves, and developing leaves, respectively. High inverse correlation coefficients with the Zh concentration supplied were found for the Mn content of all organs, for the P content of roots, and for the Cu and Ca contents of developing leaves. Significant positive relations were found for the Fe, Zn and Cu contents in roots and for the Zn con‐ tents in stems and fully expanded leaves. The ratios of the mineral contents between organs suggest inhibition of uptake of Mn and P, and inhibition of translocation of Fe, Cu and Ca. The relation between dry weight decrease and Zn‐induced nutrient content disorders were discussed.  相似文献   

16.
The aim of the study was to examine effects of fall sprays of nitrogen (N), boron (B) and zinc (Zn) on nutrition, reproductive response, and fruit quality of tart cherry (Prunus cerasus L.). The experiment was conducted during 2008–2010 in Poland on mature ‘Schattenmorelle’ sour cherry trees, planted at a spacing of 4.0 × 1.5 m on a coarse-textured soil with low level of organic matter, and adequate reaction and availabilities of macro- and micronutrients. Tart cherries were sprayed with boric acid-B, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)-Zn, and urea-N at 40–50 d prior to initiation of leaf fall according to following schema: (i) spray of N at a rate of 23 kg ha?1; (ii) spray of B and Zn at doses of 1.1 kg ha?1 and 0.5 kg ha?1, respectively; and (iii) spray of N, B, and Zn at the same rates as in the above spray combinations. The trees sprayed with water were served as the control. The results showed that postharvest spray treatments had no effect on defoliation, cold damage of flower buds, fruit set, yielding, plant N status, mean fruit weight, and soluble solids concentration in fruit. Postharvest sprays of B and Zn with or without N enhanced status of Zn and B in fall leaves, and B in flowers but had no impact on levels of the above micronutrients in summer leaves. Leaf-absorbed B was withdrawn in the fall, whereas Zn was immobile. It is concluded that postharvest B sprays can be recommended to increase B status in flowers of tart cherry, whereas fall sprays of urea-N and Zn are not able to improve plant nutrition of those nutrients the following season.  相似文献   

17.
Abstract

Five soil extractants, namely, 0.005 M diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) (pH 7.3), 0.005 M DTPA+1 M ammonium bicarbonate (pH 7.6), Mehlich 3, 0.01 M ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA)+0.05 M ammonium carbonate (pH 8.6), and 1 M magnesium chloride (MgCl2) (pH 6.0), were evaluated to predict the response of wheat to zinc (Zn) application in Mollisols. These extractants could be arranged in the following decreasing order of their Zn extracting power: Mehlich 3>0.005 M DTPA+1 M ammonium bicarbonate>0.01 M EDTA+0.05 M ammonium carbonate>0.005 M DTPA>1 M MgCl2. The critical limits of Zn in soil, below which the yield response to late sown wheat (var. UP‐2338) to Zn application could be expected, were 0.57 mg 0.005 M DTPA (pH 7.3) extractable and 1.72 mg Mehlich 3–extractable Zn kg?1 soil. The critical limit of Zn in whole shoot at 60 days after emergence was found to be 26.1 mg Zn kg?1 plant tissue. The DTPA and Mehlich 3–extractable soil Zn also correlated significantly and positively with Zn concentration in whole shoot at 60 days after emergence and total Zn uptake by wheat at harvest.  相似文献   

18.
Zinc sorption–desorption by sand, silt and clay fractions of six representative calcareous soils of Iran were measured. Sand, silt and clay particles were fractionated after dispersion of soils with an ultrasonic probe. Zinc sorption analysis was performed by adding eight rates of Zn from 6 to 120 μmol g?1. For the desorption experiment, samples retained after the measurement of Zn sorption were resuspended sequentially in 0.01 M NaNO3 solution and shaken for 24 h. Results indicated that Zn sorption by soil fractions increased in the order clay > silt > sand, and correlated negatively with CaCO3 content and positively with cation exchange capacity (CEC) and smectite content. Results indicated that for all fractions, the Langmuir equation described the sorption rates fairly well. In contrast to sorption, Zn desorption from soil fractions increased in the order sand > silt > clay, and correlated positively with CaCO3 content, CEC and smectite content. Results showed that parabolic diffusion and two constant equations adequately described the reaction rates of Zn desorption. In general, for all soils studied, the coarser the particle size, the less Zn sorption and more Zn desorption, and this reflects much higher risk of Zn leaching into groundwater or plant uptake in contaminated soils.  相似文献   

19.
The interaction effect of applied zinc (Zn) and boron (B) on early vegetative growth and uptake of Zn and B by two oilseed rape (canola) (Brassica napus L.) genotypes was investigated in a sand culture experiment under controlled environmental conditions. Two genotypes (Yickadee and Dunkeld) were grown at three Zn levels (0.05, 0.25, and 2.0 mg kg‐1 soil) and two B levels (0.05 mg kg‐1 soil and 0.5 mg kg‐1 soil). Dunkeld produced significantly higher shoot and root dry matter than Yickadee at low Zn and low B supply indicating the superiority of Dunkeld over Yickadee for tolerance to both low Zn and low B supply. Chlorophyll content of fresh leaf tissue was increased significantly by an increase in Zn and B supply. Zinc deficiency enhanced B concentration in younger and older leaves. Boron concentration was higher in older leaves than in the younger leaves irrespective of B deficiency and sufficiency indicating immobility of B in two oilseed rape genotypes tested. Zinc concentration was higher in younger leaves than in the older leaves indicating mobility of Zn. An increased supply of Zn enhanced B uptake under high boron supply only. Zinc uptake in Dunkeld was enhanced significantly with an increased rate of B supply under high Zn supply, while the effect was not significant in Yickadee. Dunkeld proved to be more efficient in Zn and B uptake than Yickadee.  相似文献   

20.
Abstract

Effects of bicarbonate (10 mM as NaHCO3) and high pH (pH 8 buffered with HEPES) separately on root growth and accumulation of organic acids in the roots of zinc (Zn)‐efficient (IR36) and Zn‐inefficient (IR26) rice genotypes (Oriza sativa L.) were investigated in this study. The results indicated that shoot dry matter yields were decreased more by bicarbonate than by high pH for the Zn‐inefficient genotype, but not affected for the Zn‐efficient genotype. Root dry weights, especially root length, was significantly decreased by bicarbonate and high pH treatments for the Zn‐inefficient genotype, whereas was considerably enhanced by only bicarbonate treatment for the Zn‐efficient rice genotype. The reduction in root growth of the Zn‐inefficient rice genotype and the enhancement of root length in the Zn‐efficient genotype were greater when plants grown with bicarbonate than with high pH treatment. Accumulation of malate, citrate, and fumarate in roots of the two genotypes increased considerably due to both high pH and bicarbonate treatments, but to a greater extent for the Zn‐inefficient than for the Zn‐efficient cultivars. After an 8‐day treatment, more organic acids accumulated in the roots of the Zn‐inefficient genotype (IR26) when plants grown with bicarbonate than at high pH, but this was not the case for the Zn‐efficient genotype. The influence of root growth by bicarbonate appeared to be one of the major factors for the sensitivity of rice genotypes to Zn deficiency in calcareous soils. The greater inhibitory effect of bicarbonate than high pH on root growth of the Zn‐inefficient genotype might result from an excessive accumulation and inefficient compartmentation of organic acids, particularly citrate and malate, in the root cells.  相似文献   

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