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1.
硝/铵营养对香蕉生长及其枯萎病发生的影响 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
通过水培试验,研究了不同硝/铵配比对香蕉生长及其根际尖孢镰刀菌侵染的影响。结果表明, 1）铵硝混合营养对香蕉生长的效果优于单一营养,尤其是在75%硝态氮+25%铵态氮处理下香蕉生长最好,叶片中氮、磷、钾含量也最高; 2）香蕉根际pH在100%铵态氮处理时最低,随着硝态氮比例的增加,pH逐渐上升; 3）接种尖孢镰刀菌后,根际病原菌数量在100% 铵态氮处理时最多,但是在根系细胞内却没有检测到,相反,随着硝态氮比例的增加,虽然在根际中检测到的病菌数量有所降低,但是在根系内均发现存在病原菌。本研究结果说明,相对于铵硝混合营养,全铵营养会导致香蕉生长受到一定的影响,但是却能够防止香蕉尖孢镰刀菌侵染进植物根系。由于在离体培养时,全铵可以抑制尖孢镰刀菌穿透植物细胞壁的过程,因此全铵培养植物时,其根部质外体及细胞中铵态氮浓度高很可能是抑制病原菌侵染的主要原因。 相似文献
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3.
Abstract The primary nitrogen forms utilized by plants are ammonium and nitrate. Although the importance of nutrients other than nitrogen for proper turfgrass growth is well established, the amounts of these nutrients in the plant tissue in relation to the use of different N‐forms has not been clearly documented. This study was conducted under greenhouse conditions to determine the effect of N‐form and cutting regime on growth, macronutrient, and micronutrient content of creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris Huds. ‘Penncross'). Treatments consisted of 100% NO3? (calcium nitrate), 100% NH4 + (ammonium sulfate), and a 50:50 ratio of NH4 +:NO3 ?. Half the turfgrass plants were maintained at a height of 1 cm (cut), while the other half of the plants were not cut until the end of the study (uncut). The uncut 50:50 treatment yielded the highest shoot, verdure, and total plant dry matter, while the uncut NO3 ? treatment produced the highest root dry matter. The uncut NH4 + treatment yielded the least shoot, root, and total plant dry matter. Plants of the uncut NO3 ? treatment had greater accumulation of macronutrients in the shoot and root tissue compared to plants of the NH4 + treatment. The uncut NO3 ? and 50:50 treatments had higher total accumulation of micronutrients compared to the uncut NH4 +‐treated plants. The cut NO3 ? treatment resulted in the highest macronutrient and micronutrient contents in the root tissue in comparison to other cut treatments. The cut treatments had the highest percentage accumulation of nutrients in the verdure tissue, while the uncut treatments had the highest percentage accumulation of nutrients in the shoot tissue. 相似文献
4.
为明确氮素形态及其配比对三七根腐病发生的影响,采用盆栽试验,研究了5种不同氮素形态配比(铵硝配比分别为0∶100、25∶75、50∶50、75∶25和100∶0)及尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)侵染对三七[Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F. H. Chen]生长、有效成分以及抗性指标的影响。结果表明,不同氮素形态配比对三七生物量和皂苷含量无明显影响,铵态氮(${NH_{4}}^{+}-N$)可促进可溶性糖的累积;病原菌侵染使三七叶绿素、可溶性糖和黄酮含量降低,随着${NH_{4}}^{+}-N$比例的增加,病情指数增加,过氧化物酶(POD)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)和苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性升高,同时伴随酚类和木质素的累积。综上所述,低铵硝配比(特别是25∶75)有利于三七的生长,可降低三七病情指数,减轻三七根腐病的发生。本研究从氮肥施用层面为三七根腐病的防控提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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Phosphorus uptake of maize as affected by ammonium and nitrate nitrogen - Measurements and model calculations - 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Phosphorus uptake is often enhanced by ammonium compared to nitrate nitrogen nutrition of plants. A decrease of pH at the soil-root interface is generally assumed as the cause. However, an alteration of root growth and the mobilization of P by processes other than net release of protons induced by the source of nitrogen may also be considered. To study these alternatives a pot experiment was conducted with maize using a fossil Oxisol high in Fe/Al-P with low soil solution P concentration. Three levels of phosphate (0, 50, 200 mg P kg?1) in combination with either ammonium or nitrate nitrogen (100 mg N kg?1) were applied. Plants were harvested 7 and 21 d after sowing, P uptake measured and root and shoot growth determined. To assess the importance of factors involved in the P transfer from soil into plants, calculations were made using a model of Barber and Claassen. In the treatments with no and low P supply NH4-N compared to NO3-N nutrition increased the growth of the plants by 25 % and their shoot P content by 38 % while their root growth increased by 6 % only. The rhizosphere pH decreased in the NH4-N treatments by 0.1 to 0.6 units as compared to the bulk soil while in the NO3-N treatments it increased by 0.1 to 0.5 units. These pH changes had a minor influence on P uptake only, as was demonstrated by artificially altering the soil pH to 4.7 and 6.3 respectively. At the same rhizosphere pH, however, P influx was doubled by the application of NH4-compared to NO3-N. It is concluded that in this soil the enhancement of P uptake of maize plants after ammonium application cannot be attributed to the acidification of the rhizosphere but to effects mobilizing soil phosphate or increasing P uptake efficiency of roots. Model calculation showed that these effects accounted for 53 % of the P influx per unit root length in the NO3-N and 72 % in the NH4-N supplied plants if no P was applied. With high P application the respective figures were only 18 and 19%. 相似文献
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NH4+-N/NO3--N比例对不同不结球小白菜品种的生长和部分生理指标的影响 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
The responses of three cultivars of Chinese cabbage (Brassica chinensis L.), one of the main vegetable crops in China, to different ratios of NH4+-N/NO3--N was investigated to find the optimal ratio of ammonium to nitrate for maximal growth and to explore ways of decreasing the nitrate content, increasing nitrogen use efficiency of Chinese cabbage, and determining distributions of nitrogen and carbon. Three cultivars of Chinese cabbage were hydroponically grown with three different NH4+-N/NO3--N ratios (0:100, 25:75 and 50:50). The optimal ratio of NH4+-N/NO3--N for maximal growth of Chinese cabbage was 25:75. The increase in the ratio of NH4+-N/NO3--N significantly decreased nitrate content in various tissues of Chinese cabbage in the order of petiole > leaf blade > root. The highest total nitrogen (N) content was found when the ratio of NH4+-N/NO3--N was 25:75, and N contents in plant tissues were significantly different, mostly being in the order of leaf blade > petiole > root. At the NH4+-N/NO3--N ratio of 25:75, the biomasses of Chinese cabbage cultivars 'Shanghaiqing', 'Liangbaiye 1' and 'Kangre 605' increased by 47%, 14% and 27%, respectively. The biomass, SPAD chlorophyll meter readings and carbon content of 'Shanghaiqing' were all higher than those of 'Liangbaiye 1', while nitrate and total nitrogen contents were lower. Thus, partial replacement of nitrate by ammonium could improve vegetable production by both increasing yields and decreasing nitrate content of the plants. 相似文献
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Shiwei Guo Ralf Kaldenhoff Norbert Uehlein Burkhard Sattelmacher Holger Brueck 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2007,170(1):73-80
Sole ammonium supply provokes negative effects on dry‐mass formation, leaf growth, and water uptake of ammonium‐sensitive plants. To study the effects of N form on nutrient and water uptake and aquaporin expression, French bean plants were grown in a split‐root system. Five treatments were compared: homogeneous nitrate (NN) and ammonium (AA) supply; spatially separated supply of nitrate and ammonium (NA); and half of the root system supplied with N‐free nutrient solution, the other half with either nitrate (N0) or ammonium (A0). Ten days after onset of treatments, root dry mass (DM) and water‐uptake rate (WUR) were significantly reduced under ammonium compared to nitrate supply. WUR from nitrate‐supplied vessels was 80% higher than that from N‐free nutrient solution, while WUR from N‐free nutrient solution was 130% higher than that from ammonium‐supplied vessels. Potassium uptake was lower under ammonium supply and the ratio of N : K uptake of treatment AA was significantly higher compared to others. High K uptake from N‐free nutrient solution of A0 plants resulted in a ratio of N : K uptake comparable to nitrate‐supplied plants, but shoot growth resembled that to plants under sole ammonium supply. Within 24 h after onset of treatments, expression of aquaporin was lower under ammonium compared to nitrate supply. From these data, it can be concluded that reduced root water transport under ammonium supply is directly related to aquaporin activity. 相似文献
8.
三类土壤不同酰硝比供应下的辣椒产量、品质和氮素损失 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
9.
施氮对大豆根系形态和氮素吸收积累的影响 总被引：16，自引：3，他引：13
采用框栽试验方法研究了不同施氮水平对大豆根系形态和氮素吸收积累的影响,结果表明:不同施氮水平对大豆植株生物量、氮素吸收积累量及根系形态有显著影响,随施氮量增加,植株干重、氮素积累量、单株产量等均呈先增加后降低趋势,其中以N100[100 kg(N)·hm-2]处理效果最佳,总体表现为N100>N200>N50>N25>N0.无N(NO)和适量偏低的氮(N25、N50)增加了大豆的根冠比,但过多的氮(N200)反而降低了大豆的根冠比,说明低氮胁迫促进了大豆根系的生长.大豆根长、根表面积和根体积随施氮量的增加表现为先降后增而后又降低的规律,不施氮(N0)情况下,根长、根表面积和根体积均高于低氮处理(N25、N50),之后随施氮量增加而增加,当超过一定施氮量(N200)时又呈降低趋势.不同生育时期植株生物量、氮素积累、根长、根表面积和根体积等表现为花期>苗期>鼓粒期.因此施用一定量氮肥对大豆植株生物量、氮素积累以及根系形态等产生显著影响,进而影响大豆氮素转运量和转运效率,最终影响大豆籽粒产量和品质. 相似文献
10.
不同干湿交替灌溉与氮肥形态耦合下水稻根系生长及功能差异 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
【目的】适宜的灌溉方式及氮肥管理是水稻高产高效的有效途径,大多数研究集中于地上部分及产量品质的形成,而对于根系形态生理及其与产量之间的关系研究还不够深入。本文探讨了干湿交替灌溉方式与氮肥形态耦合对水稻根系形态、生理及代谢的影响,探索干湿交替灌溉与氮肥形态耦合机理,为水稻高产及根系生理提供理论依据。【方法】试验于2016和2017年在河南科技大学试验农场进行,以徐稻3号为材料,供试土壤土质为黏壤土,采用灌水方式和氮肥形态二因素随机试验,设置CK [浅水层灌溉(0 kPa)]、WMD[轻度干湿交替灌溉(–20 kPa)]和WSD[重度干湿交替灌溉(–40 kPa)] 3种灌溉方式。氮肥供应设置铵态氮∶硝态氮三个混合比例处理:100∶0、50∶50 (即1∶1)、0∶100,由硫酸铵、硝酸铵和硝酸钠提供氮源。在分蘖盛期、穗分化始期、抽穗期和成熟期采样,以水稻茎基部为中心,挖取20 cm (长)×20 cm (宽)×30 cm (深)的土块测定干湿交替灌溉和氮肥形态处理的水稻根长、直径、表面积、体积、根尖数等根系形态指标、根系氧化力,采集根系伤流液分析其中氨基酸、蛋白质、可溶性糖含量以及在成熟期测定产量和产量构成。【结果】灌溉方式与氮肥形态之间存在显著的互作关系。WMD与铵硝1∶1耦合后水稻产量最高,达到1015.8 g/m^2,为本试验的最佳互作组合模式。WMD下,铵硝1∶1处理主要生育时期的根长显著增加了10.6%~17.0%,平均根直径增加了3.98%~25.25%,根体积增加了5.27%~26.40%,根表面积增加了6.27%~25.19%,提高了根尖数、根系伤流液中氨基酸、蛋白质、可溶性糖的含量,促进了根系的碳氮代谢和对养分、水分的吸收。WSD降低单位面积穗数及每穗粒数,显著降低水稻产量,铵硝100∶0处理平均降低38.20%、铵硝1∶1平均降低29.94%、铵硝0∶100平均降低35.0%,减少了根系长度,降低根体积、根表面积、根尖数,抑制根系活力及伤流液中物质的合成,不利于根系功能的维持。不同水分条件下氮肥形态对根系的影响不一,CK下,100%NH4^+处理根长及根系活力提高,而在WMD下,硝铵1∶1处理改善根系形态、提高根系活性,促进根系碳氮代谢,100%NO3^–处理不利于根系生长及根系功能的维持。水稻根长、根体积、根表面积、根尖数、根系活力与产量呈显著或极显著的正相关关系。施用100%NO3^–处理单位面积穗数下降,产量降低明显。【结论】轻度适宜的干湿交替灌溉配合施用一定比例的铵硝混合氮肥可以充分发挥水肥的耦合效应,促进强健根系形态的建成,提高根系的碳氮代谢及养分吸收利用,从而促进水稻的高产稳产。 相似文献
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氮肥形态及配比对菠菜生长和安全品质的影响 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
【目的】铵态氮肥和硝态氮肥是蔬菜生长过程中经常施用的氮肥种类,氮肥形态及配比对蔬菜生长和安全品质有着重要影响。菠菜是一种叶菜类蔬菜,富含矿质元素、维生素C和维生素E。本文通过施用铵态氮和硝态氮肥,探究氮肥形态及其配比(NH+4-N/NO-3-N)对菠菜生长和安全品质的影响。【方法】采用水培试验,设置5种不同氮素形态配比(NH+4-N/NO-3-N比值分别为100∶0、75∶25、50∶50、25∶75和0∶100)的营养液,定期采集菠菜样品并测定菠菜的生物量、株高、根系长度、硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐、有机酸和氨基酸参数值。【结果】随着NH+4-N/NO-3-N比值从100∶0变化到0∶100,菠菜的生物量、株高、根系长度、硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐累积量以及有机酸含量均呈增加趋势,而氨基酸总量则明显下降;当NH+4-N/NO-3-N比值为0∶100时,菠菜茎叶生物量为6.2g/plant,株高和根系长度分别为16.3 cm和22.5 cm,分别是NH+4-N/NO-3-N比值为100∶0时的6倍、2.2倍和2.0倍,表明菠菜是一种喜硝酸盐氮的蔬菜;当NH+4-N/NO-3-N比值由0∶100变为25∶75时,即在氮肥组合中增加25%的铵态氮肥,此时的硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐含量分别由398.5 mg/kg、1.42 mg/kg降为249.1 mg/kg、0.98mg/kg,降幅为37.5%和8.0%,表明在菠菜生长过程中适当增施铵态氮肥可有效降低硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐在茎叶中的累积;当NH+4-N/NO-3-N比值从100∶0变化到0∶100,对6种有机酸(苹果酸、富马酸、琥珀酸、α-酮戊二酸、柠檬酸和丙酮酸)而言,增加幅度最大的是富马酸,约8.6倍,增加幅度最小的是柠檬酸,约2.5倍,苹果酸则在NH+4-N/NO-3-N=25∶75时达到最大值,为985.3 mg/L;随着NH+4-N比例的减少,菠菜茎叶中的氨基酸总量呈下降趋势,NH+4-N/NO-3-N比值为100∶0、75∶25、50∶50、25∶75和0∶100的氨基酸总量分别为21.80μmol/g、12.92μmol/g、9.20μmol/g、8.30μmol/g和7.50μmol/g,表明菠菜的营养价值降低,这一趋势与上述所研究的指标(株高、根系长度、硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐含量以及有机酸含量)有着明显的区别。【结论】菠菜是一种典型的喜硝态氮类蔬菜,施用硝态氮肥可明显提高菠菜产量,但过高的施用量可导致菠菜安全品质下降。适当增施铵态氮肥可降低硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐在菠菜体内的累积,并有效调节氨基酸和有机酸的代谢。因此,在菠菜种植过程,应该合理地搭配铵态氮肥和硝态氮肥,以便在保证安全性和营养价值的基础上获取最大的生物量。 相似文献
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豆科绿肥替代化学氮肥促进柑橘幼苗生长和氮素吸收 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
13.
J. C. van Middelkoop G. Holshof 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2017,48(10):1132-1144
Seven grassland experiments on sandy and clay soils were performed during a period of 4 years to estimate the nitrogen (N) fertilizer replacement value (NFRV) of concentrated liquid fractions of separated pig slurry (mineral concentrate: MC). The risk of nitrate leaching when applying MC was compared to when applying mineral fertilizers. Grassland yields in 2009–2012 fertilized with MC were compared with grassland fertilized with two mineral fertilizers: granulated calcium ammonium nitrate and liquid ammonium nitrate (LAN). The mineral fertilizers comprised 50% nitrate-N and 50% ammonium-N, and MC comprised 95–100% ammonium-N. Treatment application rates included zero N and three incremental rates of N fertilization. The liquid fertilizers were shallow injected (0–5 cm). The NFRV of MCs was 75% on sandy and 58% on clay soil with granulated ammonium nitrate as reference, and 89% on sandy and 92% on clay soil with LAN as reference. Risk of nitrate leaching after application of MC, measured in residual soil mineral N post-growing season and N in the upper groundwater in the following spring, was equal to that for mineral fertilizers. 相似文献
14.
Gabriel Barbosa da Silva Junior Renato de Mello Prado Sylvia Letícia Oliveira Silva Cid Naudi Silva Campos Leónides Gonzáles Castellanos Luiz Cláudio Nascimento dos Santos 《Journal of plant nutrition》2020,43(16):2533-2547
AbstractDespite the importance of nitrogen (N) supply to plants, there are still doubts concerning the optimal relations of ammonium and nitrate in the nutrition of yellow passion fruit seedlings. This study aims to evaluate the interaction between nitrogen concentrations and ammonium and nitrate proportions in the nutrition, growth, and dry matter production of passion fruit seedlings grown in a substrate with a nutrient solution. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse in randomized complete block design with three replications in a 4 × 5 factorial design, consisting of four N concentrations (2.5, 5.0, 10.0 and 20.0?mmol L?1) and five ammonium proportions (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% in relation to the total N supply). At 60?days after transplanting, green color index; accumulation of N, potassium, calcium, and magnesium in roots and shoots; stem diameter; leaf area; root length; nitrogen use efficiency (NUE); and dry matter of roots and shoots were evaluated. For the formation of seedlings of yellow passion fruit, the nutrient solution should have 13?mmol L?1 of N, with 40% of this nutrient in the form of ammonium. The passion fruit is a plant tolerant to ammonium. However, a critical concentration above 5.7?mmol L?1 of NH4+ in the nutrient solution decreases absorption of cations, NUE, and production of dry matter. 相似文献
15.
Cristina Cruz S. Herman Lips Maria Amelia Martins‐Loucao 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(8):1517-1530
The response of carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) seedlings grown at different root zone temperatures affected by nitrate and ammonium nutrition was studied. When root temperatures ranged from 10 to 35°C, ammonium‐fed plants were significantly larger than nitrate‐fed plants. Ammonium‐fed plants displayed toxicity symptoms and were much smaller at 40°C root temperature in comparison with the nitrate‐fed plants grown at the same root temperature. Root/shoot ratio slightly increase with root temperature in ammonium‐ and nitrate‐fed plants in a similar way, and shoot demand per root unit decreased with root temperature between 15 and 25°C. There was a general increase in net photosynthesis with root temperature, though nitrate‐fed plants were more sensitive to low and ammonium‐fed plants to high temperatures. Increasing the root temperature of ammonium fed plants from 10 to 40°C leads to a 30% increase in the amount of photosynthates sent to the roots. The presence of ammonium resulted in the distribution of newly fixed carbon away from carbohydrates and into nitrogen compounds. Potassium, calcium, and nitrogen content of the plants also increased with increasing root temperature. 相似文献
16.
轻度盐碱地玉米专用肥缓效氮不同添加比例的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
针对山西省晋北区域盐碱耕地玉米生产中存在肥料施用针对性不强的问题,本试验利用已有的山西省晋北区域盐碱地玉米缓释专用肥配方,探索适合该区域玉米生产的缓效氮和速效氮适当配比,并在春玉米生产中验证其肥效。试验设不施氮肥(CK)、100%速效氮、25%缓效氮、33%缓效氮、50%缓效氮、67%缓效氮、75%缓效氮和100%缓效氮8个处理,分别测定各处理玉米产量、各生育时期干物质量、植株吸氮量、氮素转运及利用以及收获后对土壤硝态氮积累量的影响。结果表明,随着缓效氮添加比例的增加,玉米各生育时期分析指标均呈现先增加后减小的波动性变化,其中添加33%缓效氮处理为最大波峰处。添加缓效氮33%较100%速效氮处理能够有效增加玉米产量、地上部干物质积累量和吸氮量,提高玉米对氮素的利用,获得最高产量(14 897.46 kg·hm-2),比100%速效氮处理增产42.23%;同时添加33%缓效氮处理产量构成因素优于其他处理,和100%速效氮处理相比,穗长、穗粒数、穗直径和百粒重分别提高55.34%、39.30%、53.57%和52.57%,平均秃尖缩短0.38 cm;玉米成熟期地上部干物质积累量和吸氮量最大,分别为26 787.53 kg·hm-2和239.72 kg·hm-2;该处理的氮肥利用率、氮肥偏生产力及氮肥农学效率均最大,分别为39.79%、66.20 kg·kg-1和47.03 kg·kg-1。添加33%缓效氮处理玉米叶氮转运率和茎氮转运率分别为76.08%和49.39%,氮转移率为67.76%、氮收获指数为77.40%,显著高于100%速效氮处理。添加缓效氮有效改善了各土层土壤硝态氮的积累量,其中缓效氮添加比例为33%处理各土层硝态氮积累量均匀,深层土壤淋溶最小。可见,在山西晋北区域盐碱耕地春玉米生产中,在已有配方中选择添加33%缓效氮能达到玉米增产增效、保护环境的效果,在该地区玉米生产中应用前景广阔。 相似文献
17.
Localized application of sewage sludge improved plant nitrogen and phosphorus uptake by rhizobox‐grown spring wheat 
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下载免费PDF全文 Sewage sludge (SS) can be used as an alternative fertilizer in agriculture. It is normally broadcasted and plowed into soil, but it is not clear if it has a potential as a placement fertilizer. A rhizobox experiment was conducted to investigate the placement effect of SS and mineral nitrogen (N) fertilizer on shoot and root growth as well as nutrient uptake of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The treatments included localized SS, mixed SS, localized SS and ammonium, localized ammonium, and a control without addition of SS and ammonium to examine the effect of SS placement and, further, if ammonium co‐localization would enhance the placement effect. The results show that SS fertilization improved soil N and P availability, which significantly increased plant N and P uptake and enhanced shoot growth, while root length was significantly reduced compared to the control. Localized SS increased root proliferation in the placement region, resulting in enhanced uptake of P from the SS patch compared to homogenous application. However, co‐localized application of ammonium with SS significantly depressed plant shoot and root growth. Localized ammonium markedly restricted root proliferation in the placement region and reduced soil pH in both bulk soil and placement region, contributing to decreased nutrient uptake and plant growth. 相似文献
18.
This study was designed to observe physiological indices of a spring maize response with the integration of beneficial microorganism, organic and inorganic nitrogen (N) fertilizer, and N levels. Field experiments were conducted in three replications during 2014 and 2015 at Agronomy Research Farm, the University of Agriculture Peshawar, Pakistan. Different beneficial microbes (BM) (with BM and without BM), organic (farm yard manure, FYM) and inorganic (ammonium nitrate) N ratios (0:100, 25:75, 50:50, 75:25, and 100:0), and nitrogen levels (N) (100, 150, and 200 kg ha?1). Beneficial microorganism, 50:50 ratio of organic and inorganic N, and 200 kg N ha?1 seem better in terms of improving SPAD value, plant height (cm), leaf rea (cm2), and leaf area index (LAI) of spring maize. Therefore, the application of BM, 50:50 ratio of organic and inorganic N, and 200 kg N ha?1 were recommended for enhancing crop physiology in agro-climatic condition for Peshawar, Pakistan. 相似文献
19.
不同施氮水平苹果矮化中间砧幼树光合产物的周年分配利用 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
【目的】光合产物在树体内的利用、分配状况直接影响着果树的产量形成,是果树优质、丰产、稳产的重要因素。氮肥的不合理施用易导致树体C/N失衡,造成树体旺长或早衰,直接影响果树的产量、品质形成。因此,研究矮化中间砧苹果在不同氮水平下的光合产物利用、分配特性,为合理协调光合产物在树体内的利用、分配以保证果树稳健生长又及时成花结果打下理论基础。【方法】以生产上最常用的2年生烟富3/M26/平邑甜茶幼树为试材进行盆栽试验。设置不施氮肥(N0)、适宜施氮肥(N100)和过量施氮肥(N200)3个氮素水平,分别于春梢生长期、春梢停长期、秋梢生长期进行13C标记,标记72 h后取样,整株解析为叶、一年生枝条、主干、中间砧、根系,测定了其13C丰度,玉米素核苷(ZR),脱落酸(ABA),可溶性淀粉含量,并测定了叶面积和叶绿素含量。【结果】与N0相比,不同物候期适宜施氮肥(N100)和过量施氮肥(N200)处理均显著促进树体生物量的增加,提高叶片面积和叶绿素含量,N100处理对树体生长的促进作用随着氮肥施入时间的延长逐渐显现。春梢生长期和春梢停长期,N100处理细根生长量最高,其次是N200处理,N0处理最低;至秋梢生长期,N0处理细根生物量迅速升高至最高且显著高于N200处理。N0处理在不同生长期叶片淀粉含量均显著高于N100和N200处理。氮肥施入初期,叶片ZR含量为N200N100N0,施肥30天后,N100处理叶片仍保持较高的ZR含量,但N200处理ZR含量显著下降。氮肥施入初期各处理ABA含量无显著差异,随着生育期延长差异性逐渐显著,施肥后30天,N0处理的叶片ABA含量达到最高并保持较高水平至生长后期。不同施氮处理树体根冠比和光合产物分配规律在不同生长期差异显著。氮肥施入至春梢生长期,N100和N200处理根系13C分配率分别是N0处理的285.35%和217.98%,而N0处理树体会将更多的光合产物用于地上部生长;至春梢停长期N100和N200处理仍保持较高根冠比和根系13C分配率;至秋梢生长期,N0处理根系光合产物分配率升高,而N100和N200处理根系13C分配率分别降低至N0处理根系13C分配率的71.98%和41.26%,表明生长后期N0处理生长中心逐渐向根系转移。【结论】施氮水平对苹果矮化中间砧幼树生长及光合产物利用方式和分配规律的显著影响与玉米素核苷和脱落酸的合成变化密切相关。施氮通过促进ZR大量合成显著促使光合产物向根系大量分配,周年尺度上表现为树体根冠比和根系生物量显著升高,树体地上部快速生长。整个生长期内低氮条件下树体光合产物转化为淀粉在叶片中大量贮存是由ABA的合成差异所造成。 相似文献
20.
To study the effect of two different nitrogen (N) sources and manganese application on root-shoot relations and manganese (Mn) dynamics in the rhizosphere of two wheat cultivars, a screen house experiment was conducted using manganese-deficient soil. Significantly higher root length (RL), root surface area, shoot dry weight (SDW), root length density, and manganese uptake were recorded in calcium nitrate supplied plants of cultivar ‘WH 542’ when applied with calcium nitrate along with manganese rather than ammonium sulfate. Cultivar ‘PD W274’ produced 72% of the maximum RL and 77% of the maximum SDW under similar conditions. Results indicated that cultivar ‘WH 542’ was more manganese efficient than ‘PD W274’ and calcium nitrate was a better source of nitrogen than ammonium sulfate. However, maximum shoot manganese content was recorded in ammonium sulfate supplied plants, which was due to depletion of manganese at root surface to a lower value, causing higher concentration gradient and hence higher manganese influx to root. 相似文献