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1.
Potassium (K) deficiency is one of the main limiting factors in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) production. To study the mechanism of high K‐use efficiency of cotton, a pot experiment was conducted. The experiment consisted of two cotton genotypes differing in K‐use efficiency (H103 and L122) and two K‐application levels (K0: 0 g (kg soil)–1; K1: 0.40 g (kg soil)–1). Root‐hair density and length, partitioning of biomass and K in various organs, as well as K‐use efficiency of the two cotton genotypes were examined. The results show that there was no significant difference in K uptake between the two genotypes at both treatments, although the genotype H103 (high K‐use efficiency) exhibited markedly higher root‐hair density than genotype L122 in the K1 treatment. Correlation analysis indicates that neither root‐hair density nor root‐hair length was correlated with plant K uptake. Furthermore, the boll biomass of genotype H103 was significantly higher than that of genotype L122 in both treatments, and the K accumulation in bolls of genotype H103 was 39%–48% higher than that of genotype L122. On the other hand, the litter index (LI) and the litter K‐partitioning index (LKPI) of genotype H103 were 14%–21% and 22%–27% lower than that of genotype L122. Lastly, the K‐use efficiency of total plant (KUE‐P) of genotype H103 was comparable with that of genotype L122 in both treatments, but the K‐use efficiency in boll yield (KUE‐B) of genotype H103 was 24% and 41% higher than that of genotype L122 in K0 and K1 treatments. Pearson correlation analysis indicated that KUE‐P was positively correlated with BKPI and negatively correlated with LKPI, while KUE‐B was positively correlated with BKPI and boll‐harvest index (HIB), and negatively correlated with LKPI. It is concluded that there were no pronounced effects of root‐hair traits on plant K uptake of the two genotypes. The difference in K‐use efficiency was attributed to different patterns of biomass and K partitioning rather than difference in K uptake of the two genotypes. 相似文献
2.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(19):2460-2474
This study focuses on two genotypes of cotton and explores different factors that were able to affect the release of different forms of potassium (K) in the rhizosphere by considering a biogeochemical process integrating plants, soils, and microorganisms. The study indicated that both genotypes of cotton could effectively absorb exchangeable potassium (eK) under limited potassium (LK) supply, and cotton plants could use LK to sustain offspring, preferably under K-deficiency conditions. It was mainly due to its significantly greater active absorbing surface area of root and comparatively greater K+ maximum uptake rate (Imax), which caused more K accumulation in the high-efficiency genotype cotton (HEG). Although Imax of the low-efficiency genotype cotton’s (LEG’s) was greater, K accumulation in LEG was less, which might be attributed to its significantly lower HEG and feedback inhibition on K taken up by greater K concentration in the plant. The lint yield had a significant positive correlation with boll number per plant, single boll weight, plant height, and number of fruit branches, which indicated that increasing these agronomic parameters is the base for increasing lint yield. There was a synergic action among humus, microorganisms, and K in the rhizosphere soil. The cation exchange capacity (CEC) of reduced soils was less under oxidized condition, due to collapse of the interlayer in response to increased layer charge upon structural Fe reduction. Crop yields can be increased when fertilizer K is applied according to proper ratio among different forms of potassium and humic acid in soils. The middle-high plant height, lower initial fruit branch, more fruit branches, more bolls, and larger boll size should receive more attention during high-yielding cotton breeding. 相似文献
3.
A greenhouse hydroponic experiment was conducted to study the effects of cadmium (Cd; 0, 0.1, 1.0, 10 μM in nutrient solution) on yield and yield components as well as Cd concentration and accumulation in three cotton genotypes (Simian 3, Zhongmian 16, Zhongmian 16–2). The results showed that Cd concentration in different organs increased with increasing Cd levels in the nutrient solution in the following order: root > petiole > xylem > fruiting branch, leaf > phloem in vegetative organs and seed coat, seed nut > boll shell > fiber in reproductive organs. There were significant genotypic differences in functional leaf and petiole Cd concentrations at 1 and 10 μM Cd treatments, with the cultivar Simian 3 showing higher Cd concentrations and greater reductions in lint yield than the other two genotypes. 相似文献
4.
Genotypic variation of potato for phosphorus efficiency and quantification of phosphorus uptake with respect to root characteristics 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), an important food crop, generally requires a high amount of phosphate fertilizer for optimum growth and yield. One option to reduce the need of fertilizer is the use of P‐efficient genotypes. Two efficient and two inefficient genotypes were investigated for P‐efficiency mechanisms. The contribution of root traits to P uptake was quantified using a mechanistic simulation model. For all genotypes, high P supply increased the relative growth rate of shoot, shoot P concentration, and P‐uptake rate of roots but decreased root‐to‐shoot ratio, root‐hair length, and P‐utilization efficiency. Genotypes CGN 17903 and CIP 384321.3 were clearly superior to genotypes CGN 22367 and CGN 18233 in terms of shoot–dry matter yield and relative shoot‐growth rate at low P supply, and therefore can be considered as P‐efficient. Phosphorus efficiency of genotype CGN 17903 was related to higher P‐utilization efficiency and that of CIP 384321.3 to both higher P‐uptake efficiency in terms of root‐to‐shoot ratio and intermediate P‐utilization efficiency. Phosphorus‐efficient genotypes exhibited longer root hairs compared to inefficient genotypes at both P levels. However, this did not significantly affect the uptake rate and the extension of the depletion zone around roots. The P inefficiency of CGN 18233 was related to low P‐utilization efficiency and that of CGN 22367 to a combination of low P uptake and intermediate P‐utilization efficiency. Simulation of P uptake revealed that no other P‐mobilization mechanism was involved since predicted uptake approximated observed uptake indicating that the processes involved in P transport and morphological root characterstics affecting P uptake are well described. 相似文献
5.
不同基因型棉花根系对局部供磷的响应特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
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《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(2):132-143
To study the differences in growth and potassium (K)–use efficiency of two different K-use-efficiency cotton genotypes, a pot experiment was conducted in 2007. Experimental materials include two cotton genotypes (HG103 and LG122) and two K application levels (0 and 0.23 g kg–1 soil). The initial dates of various growth stages, plant heights, numbers of leaves, squares, and bolls, and the amount of litter during the whole growing season were recorded. The distribution and accumulation of dry matter and K content in various organs were measured to compare the differences in K-use efficiency. Significant differences (P < 0.05) between the two genotypes and K levels were found in initial bolling time. At the reproductive growth stage, the plant heights and leaf number of HG103 were less than those of LG122. Greater numbers of squares and bolls were recorded from HG103 than LG122 with K application. Significant differences (P < 0.05) existed in dry matter and K contents in each organ in the two genotypes and K-application levels. The seed cotton yields of HG103 were 3.24 times larger than those of LG122 with K application and 1.77 times larger than those of LG122 with the marginal K treatments. Reproductive-to-vegetative ratios (RVR) and harvest indices (HI) of LG122 were less than those of HG103 whether K was applied or not. The ratios of K in reproductive organs to vegetative organs for LG122 were 0.47 and 0.51 with K application and the marginal treatments, respectively, and for HG103 were 0.66 and 0.75 respectively. The K accumulations in root, stem, and litter of LG122 were more than those of HG103, whereas those in leaves and bolls were less than those of HG103. These results indicated that HG103 transferred more photosynthesis products and K to cotton reproductive organs than LG122. 相似文献
9.
《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(12):1937-1945
Potassium (K) is one of the most important nutrients limiting yield of common bean in South America. Use of K-efficient crop genotypes along with K fertilizer may be a viable strategy to improve yield and reduce cost of production. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to evaluate K-use efficiency of 10 promising genotypes of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). The genotypes were grown on an Oxisol at 0 mg K kg?1 (low K) and 200 mg K kg?1 (high K) of soil. Shoot dry weight, grain yield, number of pods, number of grains, 100-grain weight, grain harvest index, and K harvest index were significantly (P < 0.01) affected by level of K as well as genotype, except for the number of pods by genotype. Significant genotypic differences in K-use efficiency were found. On the basis of K-use efficiency (mg grain weight/mg K accumulated in shoot and grain), genotypes were classified as efficient and responsive (ER), efficient and nonresponsive (ENR), nonefficient and responsive (NER), and non-efficient and non-responsive (NENR). Only genotype Diamante Negro was only classified as ER, and genotypes Carioca, Pérola, Rosinha G-2, and Xamego were classified as ENR. Genotypes LM93300166 and LM93300176 were in the group NER, and in the NENR group were genotypes Iraí, Jalo Precoce, and Novo Jalo. From a practical point of view, genotypes which produce high grain yield at a low level of K and respond well to added K are the most desirable because they are able to express their high yield potential in a wide range of K availability. 相似文献
10.
Albrecht Jungk 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2001,164(2):121-129
The literature on the role of root hairs when plants acquire mineral nutrients from soil is reviewed. After a short outline of the root properties affecting the acquisition of nutrients, the roles of root hairs are discussed in four sections, entitled: morphological properties of root hairs, mode of action of root hairs, factors affecting the formation of root hairs, and relationship between root hair formation and plant nutrient uptake. The formation of root hairs depends on both genetic and environmental factors, particularly the supply of phosphate and nitrate. It is concluded that root hairs may substantially contribute to the acquisition of nutrients, mainly those of low mobility in soil and high demand in plants. The percentage of a nutrient acquired by root hairs varies widely, from almost zero to approximately 80 % of the total uptake of the nutrient. The contribution of root hairs depends on plant species and the genetic variability of root hair formation on the one hand, and the kind of nutrient and its availability in soil on the other. According to the published reports, essentially only phosphorus and potassium were considered. 相似文献
11.
嫁接对不同棉花基因型钾效率的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用全生育期土培盆栽试验,在研究2个棉花基因型钾吸收效率和利用效率的基础上,对未嫁接和经嫁接的自根苗(接穗和砧木为同一基因型)处理的棉花干物质和钾的积累、分配进行比较。结果表明:自根苗植株与未嫁接植株相比,不同棉花基因型在不同钾水平下干物质和钾的积累及分配不同。高效基因型103经过嫁接后营养器官中的干物质和钾比例增加,生殖器官中的干物质和钾减少,产量和钾利用指数下降;低效基因型122经过嫁接后营养器官中的干物质和钾比例减少,生殖器官中的干物质和钾增加,产量和钾利用指数升高。吸收效率因钾水平而异,高效基因型103嫁接后施钾时吸收效率降低,缺钾时升高;而低效基因型122嫁接后施钾时吸收效率升高,缺钾时降低。嫁接对不同棉花基因型产生的效应不同,通过嫁接使不同棉花基因型物质分配趋于平衡。 相似文献
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通过田间试验研究了硼、氮配施对棉花产量及其构成因子、叶柄环带及养分吸收的影响。结果表明:硼、氮在棉花上,有一定的交互作用,在相同施氮量下,棉花叶柄环带出现率、株环带叶数和叶环带圈数均随施硼量的增加而显著降低;施硼量从0 kg/hm~2增至13.5 kg/hm~2时,叶片的氮、磷、硼和叶绿素含量增加,棉花的株高、分枝数、铃数、铃重、衣分和产量均显著提高。施硼量从13.5 kg/hm~2增至27 kg/hm~2时,两个氮水平下的叶片磷、钾、硼和叶绿素含量没有显著变化,270 kg/hm~2氮水平下棉花叶片的氮含量、株高、铃重和铃数降低,产量没有变化,而在375 kg/hm~2氮水平下棉花叶片氮含量、株铃数、铃重、衣分和产量显著增加。对相同量硼处理,增施氮肥提高了棉花叶柄环带出现率、株环带叶数和叶环带圈数、叶片氮和叶绿素含量,而对叶片磷、钾、硼和产量没有显著影响。在施硼肥13.5 kg/hm~2,施氮量为270 kg/hm~2时,棉花产量达到最高值3 592 kg/hm~2。说明湖北天门地区棉田适当增加硼肥的同时减少氮肥用量可有效缓解棉花缺硼症状和提高产量。 相似文献
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以大铃、中铃和小铃3个不同铃重棉花基因型为材料,通过在盛花期测定棉株中部主茎和果枝叶面积及叶面积指数,并用14CO2饲喂中部主茎叶,研究了14CO2同化物在棉株不同层次"铃-叶系统"中的分配特征。结果表明,盛花期中部主茎和果枝单叶面积与铃重呈正相关。小铃基因型棉花群体盛花期叶面积指数最大;大铃基因型棉花蕾铃比中、小铃基因型表现出更强的库活性。主茎叶片产生的同化物除主要输送到对应的果枝外,还向上部、下部的库器官及主茎生长点输送;而流向其对应果枝的同化物,主要供应第一果节蕾铃。 相似文献
14.
Tara S. Gahoonia Rawshan Ali R. S. Malhotra A. Jahoor M. Matiur Rahman 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(6):829-841
ABSTRACT Plant nutrients such as potassium (K), phosphorus (P), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu) mostly remain fixed in soils and their bio-availability to plant roots is diffusion-limited. Hence, superior root traits, that can enhance their dissolution and capture from the soils, can play a central role in its productivity. Root morphological (root length and root hairs) and physiological traits (root exudation of protons and phosphatase enzymes) of ten selected varieties/breeding lines of chickpea (Bari-chhola-3, Bari-chhola-4, Bari-chhola-5, Bari-chhola-6, Bari-chhola-7, Bari-chhola-8, BGM-E7, ICCV-98926, ICCV-94924, and ICCV-98916) were studied and related them to the uptake of the nutrients in a pot experiment. There were significant (P < 0.05) genotypic differences in root length (RL) and root hair length (RHL). The RL ranged between 70 m plant? 1 and 140 m plant? 1. The variation in RHL was significant (P < 0.05) and it ranged between 0.58 ± 0.09 mm (Bari-chhola-5) and 0.26 ± 0.09 mm. The root hair density (RHD, number mm? 1root) varied between 13 ± 2 and 21 ± 3 among the genotypes. The presence of root hairs increased the effective root surface area (e.g., Bari-chhola-5) up to twelve times. The genotypes differed in their ability to acidify the rooting media in laboratory agar studies, with Bari-chhola-5 inducing most acidification followed by Bari-chhola-3. The ability of Bari-chhola-5 to acidify the rhizosphere was also confirmed by embedding in situ roots in the field in an agar-agar solution containing pH indicator dye Bromocresol purple. The genotypes did not differ for induction of acid phosphatase activity (Aptase) in the rooting media. The genotypes inducing greater acidification and possessing prolific root hairs (Bari-chhola-3 and Bari-chhola-5) absorbed significantly higher amounts of the nutrients K, P, Fe, Mn, and Zn, whose availability in soils is usually low. The results suggest that a collective effect of superior morphological and physiological root traits confers better nutrition of chickpea genotypes in low-nutrient soils. 相似文献
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《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(18):2656-2665
Potassium (K) uptake is greatest among essential nutrients for rice. Data related to yield, yield components, and K-use efficiency by upland rice genotypes are limited. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to evaluate influence of K on growth, yield and yield components, and K-use efficiency by upland rice genotypes. Potassium levels applied to an Oxisol were zero (natural K level) and 200 mg K kg1 of soil and 20 upland rice genotypes were evaluated. Plant height, shoot dry weight, grain yield, 1000-grain weight, and spikelet sterility were significantly affected by K and genotype treatments. Genotypes Primavera and BRA 1600 were the most efficient and genotype BRAMG Curinga was most inefficient in producing grain yield. Plant growth (plant height and shoot dry weight) and yield components (panicle number, grain harvest index, 1000-grain weight, and panicle length) were significantly and positively associated with grain yield. However, spikelet sterility was significantly and negatively correlated with grain yield. 相似文献
16.
[目的]地膜覆盖时间影响着棉田养分的迁移及氮素利用效率,我们尝试利用根区水质模型(root?zone water?quality?model-version?2,?RZWQM2)评估新疆绿洲棉田不同地膜覆盖时间下土壤氮素迁移特征和作物吸收利用率,为优化地膜覆盖方法提供理论依据.[方法]于2017—2018年在新疆进行了... 相似文献
17.
膜下滴灌水氮耦合对棉花干物质积累和氮素吸收及水氮利用效率的影响 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：10
在膜下滴灌条件下,设3个氮素水平和2个水分水平,研究了水氮耦合对棉花干物质积累、氮素吸收及产量、水氮利用效率的影响。结果表明,增加水分或氮素供应,花铃期根冠生物量和氮素吸收增加; 增加灌水量,吐絮期地上部干物质和氮素积累量增加,根干物质积累量在低氮或高氮下增加,中氮降低; 产量和氮素利用效率增加,水分利用效率下降。水分胁迫条件下,增加氮素的供应吐絮期地上部干物质、氮素积累量、产量差异不大,根干物质积累量以N276处理最高,氮素利用率下降,水分利用率增加。水分充分条件下,增加氮素的供应吐絮期根干物质下降,地上部干物质、氮素积累、产量和水氮利用效率以N276处理最高。水分不足或高氮限制了干物质在花铃期至吐絮期的积累、导致棉花提早衰退,引起产量下降。 相似文献
18.
针对膜下滴灌棉田土壤根际低氧胁迫抑制棉花水分利用问题，探讨不同生长阶段加气灌溉对棉花生长发育及水分利用的影响。研究设置了苗期、蕾期、花铃期、蕾期+花铃期、苗期+蕾期+花铃期5个加气阶段，以生育期不加气为对照进行田间试验。结果表明：花铃期加气土壤呼吸和土壤温度峰值较其他处理延后了9 d，使加气效果得到延长，更好地改善了土壤环境，在获得最大产量的同时，水分利用效率也最高。土壤氧气含量对棉花产量的影响程度最大，且花铃期土壤氧气含量对产量和水分利用效率的正面影响均大于其他生育期。因此，在棉花花铃期进行加气灌溉是缓解覆膜造成的棉花根际低氧胁迫，提升棉花产量与水分利用效率的最佳时期。研究结果对揭示加气灌溉对棉花生长的影响机制及进一步提高水土资源利用率提供了理论依据。 相似文献
19.
The plant root system is an important organ which supplies water and nutrients to growing plants. Information is limited on influence of nitrogen fertilization on upland rice root growth. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to evaluate influence of nitrogen (N) fertilization on growth of root system of 20 upland rice genotypes. The N rate used was 0 mg kg?1(low) and 300 mg kg?1(high) of soil. Nitrogen X genotype interactions for root length and root dry weight were highly significant (P < 0.01), indicating that differences among genotypes were not consistent at two N rates. Overall, greater root length, root dry weight and tops-roots ration were obtained at an N fertilization rate of 300 mg kg?1compared with the 0 mg N kg?1soil. However, genotypes differ significantly in root length, root dry weight and top-root ratio. Nitrogen fertilization produced fine roots and more root hairs compared with absence of N fertilizer treatment. Based on root dry weight efficiency index (RDWEI) for N use efficiency, 70% genotypes were classified as efficient, 15% were classified as moderately efficient and 15% were classified as inefficient. Root dry weight efficiency index trait can be incorporated in upland rice for improving water and nutrient efficiency in favor of higher yields. 相似文献
20.
H. Khabaz‐Saberi R.D. Graham J.S. Ascher A.J. Rathjen 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(7):855-866
Whether due to the genotype or the environment of the mother plant, the nutrient content of seeds vary over a wide range; the amount of the nutrient contributes greatly to seedling vigor, especially on deficient soils and may result in major differences in grain yield. This effect has important implications for breeding programs. This paper examines the impact of seed manganese (Mn) on screening of durum wheats for tolerance to Mn‐deficient soils. Seed stocks with a range of Mn contents (0.4–2.4 μg seed‐1) were produced, and the effect on expression of Mn efficiency measured as either relative yield or shoot Mn content for two durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) genotypes differing in Mn efficiency. Both genotypes responded to seed Mn content in terms of enhanced root and shoot growth; there was no genotype by seed Mn interaction, so Mn provided in seed was utilized additively by both Mn‐efficient and Mn‐inefficient genotypes. Manganese efficiency, measured as relative yield, was a function of seed Mn content and varied from 40 to 70% in Hazar and 58 to 90% in Stojocri 2, in the same assay using seed of variable Mn content. From the response curves of yield vs. soil Mn added, the Mn required for 90% relative yield was determined for each level of seed Mn content. Seed Mn was regressed against the soil added Mn needed to obtain 90% of maximal growth at each level of seed Mn content (a total of 8 levels) for each of two genotypes. There was an inverse linear relationship between the amount of soil Mn and seed Mn needed for each genotype. Using the Mn‐efficient genotype with high seed Mn content, the soil Mn needed to obtain 90% growth was nil, while inefficient genotypes with low Mn content required 75 mg Mn kg‐1 soil to produce the same relative yield. This relationship can be used to adjust the levels of soil applied Mn to be used in a pot bioassay when seeds have a certain Mn content, so as to maintain the screening at an optimal overall level of Mn stress. 相似文献