首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Changes to soil nutrient availability and increases for crop yield and soil organic C (SOC) concentration on biochar‐amended soil under temperate climate conditions have only been reported in a few publications. The objective of this work was to determine if biochar application rates up to 20 Mg ha?1 affect nutrient availability in soil, SOC stocks and yield of corn (Zea mays L.), soybean (Glycine max L.), and switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) on two coarse‐textured soils (loamy sand, sandy clay loam) in S Quebec, Canada. Data were collected from field experiments for a 3‐y period following application of pine wood biochar at rates of 0, 10, and 20 Mg ha?1. For corn plots, at harvest 3 y after biochar application, 20 Mg biochar ha?1 resulted in 41.2% lower soil NH on the loamy sand; the same effect was not present on the sandy clay loam soil. On the loamy sand, 20 Mg biochar ha?1 increased corn yields by 14.2% compared to the control 3 y after application; the same effect was not present on the sandy clay loam soil. Biochar did not alter yield or nutrient availability in soil on soybean or switchgrass plots on either soil type. After 3 y, SOC concentration was 83 and 258% greater after 10 and 20 Mg ha?1 biochar applications, respectively, than the control in sandy clay loam soil under switchgrass production. The same effect was not present on the sandy clay loam soil. A 67% higher SOC concentration was noted with biochar application at 20 Mg ha?1 to sandy clay loam soil under corn.  相似文献   

2.
To evaluate the benefits of application of biochar to coastal saline soil for climate change mitigation, the effects on soil organic carbon (SOC), greenhouse gases (GHGs) and crop yields were investigated. Biochar was applied at 16 t ha?1 to study its effects on crop growth (Experiment I). The effects of biochar (0, 3.2, 16 and 32 t ha?1) and corn stalk (7.8 t ha?1) on SOC and GHGs were studied using 13C stable isotope technology and a static chamber method, respectively (Experiment II). Biochar increased grain mass per plant of the wheat by 27.7% and increased SOC without influencing non‐biochar SOC. On average, 92.3% of the biochar carbon and 16.8% of corn‐stalk carbon were sequestered into the soil within 1 year. The cumulative emissions of CO2, CH4 and N2O were not affected significantly by biochar but cornstalk application increased N2O emissions by 17.5%. The global warming mitigation potential of the biochar treatments (?3.84 to ?3.17 t CO2‐eq. ha?1 t?1 C) was greater than that of the corn stalk treatment (?0.11 t CO2‐eq ha?1 t?1 C). These results suggest that biochar application improves saline soil productivity and soil carbon sequestration without increasing GHG emissions.  相似文献   

3.
The aim of this study was to investigate influences of six-year past application rates of nitrogen and a catch crop, sweet corn (Zea mays L. ssp. Saccharata Sturt), on soil microbial community and diversity in a greenhouse-based intensive vegetable soil in eastern China. Soil electrical conductivity, pH, mineral nitrogen, phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) profiles and carbon source utilization patterns under five annually past nitrogen rates (0, 348, 522, 696 and 870?kg?nitrogen?ha?1) were evaluated after the establishment of sweet corn during 1–1.5-month fallow period over three-year tomato/cucumber/celery rotations. The past nitrogen application rates exerted significant effects on soil electrical conductivity, pH, nitrate-nitrogen, ammonium-nitrogen and carbon source utilization patterns, but not on PLFAs profiles. The sweet corn had a significant effect on soil chemical properties, total and actinobacterial PLFAs, but not on carbon source utilization patterns. Soil electrical conductivity, nitrate-nitrogen and the total PLFAs decreased whilst soil organic carbon, pH and the actinobacterial PLFAs increased after the establishment of sweet corn. Soil microbial functional diversity from carbon source utilization patterns and actinobacterial PLFAs were greatest after the establishment of sweet corn at a 60% of the conventional nitrogen rate (i.e. 522?kg?nitrogen?ha?1). Soil electrical conductivity and ammonium-nitrogen were two key factors to determine carbon source utilization patterns, whilst soil pH was the key factor to determine PLFAs profiles. A combination of the catch crop sweet corn during summer fallow and a 60% of the conventional nitrogen rate is a sustainable pathway of utilizing greenhouse-based intensive vegetable soils in eastern China.  相似文献   

4.
It was hypothesized that the application of eucalyptus biochar enhances nutrient use efficiencies of simultaneously supplied fertilizer, as well as provides additional nutrients (i.e., Ca, P, and K), to support crop performance and residual effects on subsequent crops in a degraded sandy soil. To test this hypothesis, we conducted an on‐farm field experiment in the Khon Kaen province of Northeastern Thailand to assess the effects of different application rates of eucalyptus biochar in combination with mineral fertilizers to upland rice and a succeeding crop of sugarcane on a sandy soil. The field experiment consisted of three treatments: (1) no biochar; (2) 3.1 Mg ha?1 biochar (10.4 kg N ha?1, 3.1 kg P ha?1, 11.0 kg K ha?1, and 17.7 kg Ca ha?1); (3) 6.2 Mg ha?1 biochar (20.8 kg N ha?1, 6.2 kg P ha?1, 22.0 kg K ha?1, and 35.4 kg Ca ha?1). All treatments received the same recommended fertilizer rate (32 kg N ha?1, 14 kg P ha?1, and 16 kg K ha?1 for upland rice; 119 kg N ha?1, 21 kg P ha?1, and 39 kg K ha?1 for sugarcane). At crop harvests, yield and nutrient contents and nitrogen (N) use efficiency were determined, and soil chemical properties and pH0 monitored. The eucalyptus biochar material increased soil Ca availability (117 ± 28 and 116 ± 7 mg kg?1 with 3.1 and 6.2 Mg ha?1 biochar application, respectively) compared to 71 ± 13 mg kg?1 without biochar application, thus promoting Ca uptake and total plant biomass in upland rice. Moreover, the higher rate of eucalyptus biochar improved CEC, organic matter, available P, and exchangeable K at succeeding sugarcane harvest. Additionally, 6.2 Mg ha?1 biochar significantly increased sugarcane yield (41%) and N uptake (70%), thus enhancing N use efficiency (118%) by higher P (96%) and K (128%) uptake, although the sugar content was not increased. Hence, the application rate of 6.2 Mg ha?1 eucalyptus biochar could become a potential practice to enhance not only the nutrient status of crops and soils, but also crop productivity within an upland rice–sugarcane rotation system established on tropical low fertility sandy soils.  相似文献   

5.
Biochar added to agricultural soils may sequester carbon and improve physico-chemical conditions for crop growth, due to effects such as increased water and nutrient retention in the root zone. The effects of biochar on soil microbiological properties are less certain. We addressed the effects of wood-based biochar on soil respiration, water contents, potential ammonia oxidation (PAO), arylsulfatase activity (ASA), and crop yields at two temperate sandy loam soils under realistic field conditions. In situ soil respiration, PAO, and ASA were not significantly different in quadruplicate field plots with or without biochar (20 Mg ha?1); however, in the same plots, volumetric water contents increased by 7.5 % due to biochar (P?=?0.007). Crop yields (oat) were not significantly different in the first year after biochar application, but in the second year, total yields of spring barley increased by 11 % (P??1, applied during two consecutive years, substantiated that biochar was not inhibitory to PAO and ASA as reference plots consistently showed lowest activities. For PAO, it was found that soil pH, rather than biochar rates, was a driving environmental variable. For ASA, the methodological approach was challenged by product sorption, but results did not suggest that biochar significantly stimulated the enzyme activity. Crop yields of maize in field experiments with 10–100 Mg biochar ha?1 were unaffected by biochar except for a negative effect of the highest annual rates of 50 Mg ha?1 in the first year after application. In conclusion, the present wood-based biochar poorly affected the measured microbial processes and generally resulted in similar crop yields in reference and biochar-amended soil plots.  相似文献   

6.
To study the influence of potassium (K) fertilizer rate on soil test K values, crop yield, and K-leaching in sandy soils, four long-term fertilizer experiments (0–60–120–180 kg K ha?1 a?1) were initiated in 1988 in northern Germany on farmers fields. Clay content of the plow layer was about 4%, and organic matter between 2% and 5%. Plant available soil K was estimated with the double lactate (DL) method. Small grain cereals (rye and barley) did not respond to K fertilization in the 7-year period even though the soil test value of the K-0 plots decreased from ca. 90 to ca. 30 mg KDL kg?1 within 3 years. This value remained almost constant thereafter. Crop removal (including straw) of 75 kg K ha?1 a?1 was therefore apparently supplied from nonexchangeable K fractions. Compared to the optimum, no K application reduced the yield of potato by up to 21%, and that of white sugar yield up to 10%. Maximum potato yield was obtained by annually applying 60 kg K ha?1 which resulted in a test value of 60 mg KDL kg?1 soil. Maximum potato yield was also obtained at 40 mg KDL kg?1 soil, however, with a single application of 200 kg K ha?1. Similar results were obtained with sugar beet. This indicates that for maximum yield, even for K demanding crops, it is not necessary to maintain KDL values above 40 mg K kg?1 soil throughout the entire crop rotation. Soil test values increased roughly proportional to the K fertilizer level. About 120 kg fertilizer K ha?1 a?1, markedly more than crop K removal, was required to maintain the initial KDL of 90 mg kg?1. The K concentration of the soil solution in the top soil measured after harvest was increased exponentially by K fertilizer level and so was K leaching from the plow layer into the rooted subsoil. The leached quantity increased from 22 kg K ha?1 a?1 in the plot without K application to 42.79 and 133 kg Kha?1 a?1 in plots supplied with 60, 120 and 180 kg K ha?1 a?1 respectively. Soil test values around 100 mg KDL kg?1 on sandy soils, as often found in the plow layer of farmers fields, lead to K leaching below the root zone that may exceed the critical K concentration of 12 mg K T?1 for drinking water.  相似文献   

7.
Re-application of zinc (Zn) sulfate for corn (Zea mays L.) production in rotation of wheat-corn has varied effects on yield of crops grown in Zn deficient soils. Therefore, this study was done as split plots in a complete randomized block design (CRBD) where the main plots were control with and without Zn application in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production. Sub-plots were of control, without Zn fertilizer, base application of 75 kg per hectare (kg Zn ha?1), 25% and 50% less than base application and as foliar spray in combination with the 4 soil Zn treatments for corn production. Effect of previous Zn application on grain Zn concentration of corn was significant (P < 0.01). Zinc concentrations in treatments of without previous Zn (nil Zn) application and with Zn application were 28.1 and 31.8 mg kg?1, respectively. Soil application of 75 kg ha?1 and foliar application of Zn sulfate gave the highest yield (8853 kg ha?1) showed an increase of 25 percent in compared with nil-Zn. Although re-application of Zn has small effect on yield, but resulted in was the highest grain concentration.  相似文献   

8.
This study evaluated the effect of biochar and phosphorus fertilizer application on selected soil physical and chemical properties in two contrasting soil types: Rhodic Ferralsols (clay) in Thohoyandou and Leptic Cambisols (loamy sand) in Nelspruit, South Africa. Field experiments were conducted in summer and winter. Treatments consisted of a factorial combination of four biochar levels (0, 5, 10 and 20 t ha?1) and two phosphorus fertilizer levels (0 and 90 kg ha?1) arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Chickpea was the test crop. Soil bulk density, aggregate stability, porosity, total C, total N, C:N ratio, K and Mg were determined. Biochar (10 t ha?1) and phosphorus increased bulk density and decreased porosity at 0–5 and 15–20 cm soil depth on a loamy sand soil in both seasons. The interaction between biochar and phosphorus increased total C and total N on a clay soil in the summer sowing. However, in the loamy sand soil, biochar (10 t ha?1) increased total C, C:N ratio, K and Mg in the summer sowing. The effect of biochar was more evident in the loamy sand soil than the clay soil suggesting that the influence of biochar may be soil-specific.  相似文献   

9.
Field experiments were conducted during summer (2013/2014) and winter (2014) in two different soil types to evaluate the effect of biochar and P fertilizer application on growth, yield, and water use efficiency of chickpea. Soil types include Rhodic Ferralsols (clay) in Thohoyandou and Leptic Cambisols (loamy sand) in Nelspruit, South Africa. Treatments consisted of a factorial combination of four biochar levels (0, 5, 10 and 20 t ha?1) and two phosphorus fertilizer levels (0 and 90 kg ha?1) arranged in a randomized complete block design and replicated three times. Biochar application at 5 t ha?1 significantly increased biomass, grain yield and water use efficiency of biomass production (WUEb) in the clay soil compared to 10 and 20 t ha?1. However, the increase was attributed to the addition of P fertilizer. Biochar application had no effect on yield components in the loamy sand soil, but P fertilizer addition increased number of seeds/pod in the loamy sand soil and number of pods/plant in the clay soil. Biochar and P fertilizer application on growth and yield of chickpea varied in soil types and seasons, as the effect was more prominent in the clay soil than the loamy sand soil during the summer sowing.  相似文献   

10.
Reducing ammonia (NH3) volatilization is a practical way to increase nitrogen (N) fertilizer use efficiency (NUE). In this field study, soil was amended once with either cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) straw (6 t ha?1) or its biochar (3.7 t ha?1) unfertilized (0 kg N ha?1) or fertilized (450 kg N ha?1), and then soil inorganic N concentration and distribution, NH3 volatilization, cotton yield and NUE were measured during the next two growing seasons. In unfertilized plots, NH3 volatilization losses in the straw-amended and biochar-amended treatments were 38–40% and 42–46%, respectively, less than that in control (i.e., unamended soil) during the two growing seasons. In the fertilized plots, NH3 volatilization losses in the straw-amended and biochar-amended treatments were 30–39% and 43–54%, respectively, less than that in the control. Straw amendment increased inorganic N concentrations, cotton yield, cotton N uptake and NUE during the first cropping season after application, but not during the second. In contrast, biochar increased cotton N uptake and NUE during both the first and the second cropping seasons after application. Furthermore, the effects of biochar on cotton N uptake and NUE were greater in the second year than in the first year. These results indicate that cotton straw and cotton straw biochar can both reduce NH3 volatilization and also increase cotton yield, N uptake and NUE. In addition, the positive effects of one application of cotton straw biochar were more long-lasting than those of cotton straw.  相似文献   

11.
A greenhouse experiment was conducted in the Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi (U.P.), India, during kharif 2013 to find out the effect of biochar and sewage sludge (SS) on growth, yield, and micronutrient uptake in rice crop. Nine treatments were employed using six different doses of biochar (2.5, 5.0, 7.5 10, 15, and 20 t ha?1) amended with a fixed dose of SS (30 t ha?1) and 50% recommended dose of nitrogen (50% RDN), i.e., 60 kg ha?1. Other three treatments were absolute control (no fertilizers), 100% recommended dose of fertilizers (100% RDF) which was 120:60:60 kg ha?1 as nitrogen (N): phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5):dipotassium oxide (K2O), and 30 t ha?1SS + 50% RDN. Experimental results showed a significant increase in yield of rice crop with increasing levels of biochar along with SS. Application of biochar at 20 t ha?1 along with 30 t ha?1SS increased grain yield to the extent of 2.5 times over absolute control (no fertilizers) and 8.5% over control (100% RDF). The uptake of iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and manganese (Mn) (micronutrients) increased significantly with graded doses of biochar application from 2.5 to 20 t ha?1 in the soil. The maximum micronutrient uptake and grain yield of rice were found in T9 where 30 t ha?1SS along with 20 t ha?1 biochar was applied with only 50% RDN. The maximum availability of micronutrients in soil was found with 30 t ha?1 of SS + 50% RDN (T3) followed by conjoint application of 20 t ha?1 of biochar and 30 t ha?1 SS + 50% RDN (T9).  相似文献   

12.
Understanding and improving environmental quality by reducing soil nutrient leaching losses, sequestering carbon (C), reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and enhancing crop productivity in highly weathered or degraded soils have always been the goals of agroecosystem researchers and producers. Biochar production and soil incorporation strategies have been recently proposed to help attain these goals. However, the effect of such approaches on soil GHG fluxes is highly uncertain and needs to be further assessed before biochar can be used on a large scale. In addition, the duration of these GHG reductions is not known and is of pivotal importance for the inclusion of biochar in climate abatement strategies. In a field trial cultivated with Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris ssp. pekinensis) and radish (Daucus carota L. var. Sativa Hoffm), rapeseed (Brassica campestris L.) and maize (Zea mays L.) straw-derived biochar was added to the soil at rates of 0, 26, 64 and 128 t ha?1, in the whole growing season (October 2011–March 2012) to monitor the effect of treatments on soil GHG production/consumption and soil quality 16 months after biochar addition. The results showed that biochar amendment increased soil pH, nitrate nitrogen content, available phosphorus content and soil water content, but decreased soil bulk density. In biochar-treated plots, soil carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes were from 20.1 to 87.0% higher than in the control. Soil methane (CH4) uptakes were increased significantly, by 33.2 and 80.1%, between the biochar amendment at the rate of 64 and 128 t ha?1 and the control. Soil nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes showed no significant difference between biochar amendment and the control. Overall only the CH4 uptake-promoting effect continued into the long term, 16 months after biochar incorporation. This study demonstrates that the beneficial effects of biochar addition might first come through soil quality improvement and carbon sequestration, rather than through effects on the repression of soil C mineralization or the nitrogen cycle.  相似文献   

13.
ABSTRACT

Biochar has not been adequately used by farmers to improve the clay textured soil productivities in the world. Therefore, the objective of this study is to investigate the effect of the co-application of biochar with different rates of phosphorus (P) fertilizer on selected soil physical properties and wheat yield on clay textured soil over two growth seasons. Biochar treatments occupied the main plots at a rate of 0.0 and 10 t ha?1, while the sub-plots were devoted to phosphorus rates at rates of 0%, 50%, 100%, and 150% of recommended P fertilizers. Biochar (10 t ha?1) and P at different rates decreased soil bulk density significantly. Meanwhile, it increased aggregate stability, saturated hydraulic conductivity and soil water retention significantly at (p < .05), and it improved the grain yield of wheat. More grain yields in the soil treated with biochar than untreated soil under all P application rates for both years were probably caused partially by more nutrients (N, P, and K) were applied from biochar itself. Grain yield of wheat in the soil-amended biochar and P did not increase significantly between the application at 50%, 100% and 150% P. The results of this study indicate that phosphorus blends with biochar can be used to decrease the bulk density of clay textured soils and to improve crop production in these soils.  相似文献   

14.
Biochar is a co-product of pyrolysis. To find the effects of biochar on crop production, a field study was conducted in 2007, 2008, and 2009. Treatments were arranged in a split-plot design. The main plot treatments were biochar at rates of 0, 4.5, 18 Mg ha?1. Sub-plot treatments were nitrogen (N) rates of 0, 56, 112, 224 kg N ha?1 as urea (46–0–0). These treatments were applied to a continuous corn cropping system. Soil samples were planned to be taken during the first eight weeks of the growing season and after harvest to measure ammonium–N (NH4 +–N) and nitrate–N (NO3 ?–N). Nitrogen in the plant and grain was measured along with grain yield and plant biomass. There was no difference in the yield due to the addition of biochar or the interaction of biochar and N fertilizer, but there were differences due to the N fertilizer alone.  相似文献   

15.
The effects of subsequent sugarcane ratooning on soil quality and the crop yields under four treatments [an absolute control (T0), application of recommended dose of nitrogen (N)–phosphorus (P)–potassium (K) (T1), application of sulfitation press mud (SPM), a sugar factory by-product (T2), and SPM along with Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus (Gd, T3)] were evaluated for 7 years. In the control (T0) and NPK-fertilized (T1) plots, an increase in soil compaction (5.4%), decrease in infiltration rate (6.04%), lower microbial activities, and increased soil phenolic contents (72.4%) rendered the nutrients unavailable, leading to significant declines in the crop yields at the rate of 5.47 Mg ha?1 y?1 and 4.67 Mg ha?1 y?1, respectively. The crop yield declined from 53 kg ha?1 in plant crop to 18 kg ha?1 in the sixth ratoon crop under the absolute control. The rates of yield decline, however, were minimized in SPM (T2) and SPM + Gd (T3) plots to 3.54 and 3.51 Mg ha?1 y?1.  相似文献   

16.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of biochar and organic soil amendments on soil physicochemical and microbial load, carbon sequestration potential, nutrient uptake and yield of groundnut in acidic red soil under rainfed condition. Biochar was prepared from red gram, cotton, maize stalk and mesquite wood using pilot scale slow pyrolysis biochar unit. The above sources of biochar at the rate of 2.5 and 5 t ha?1 and enriched farmyard manure 0.75 t ha?1, composted coir pith 10 t ha?1 and arbuscular mycorrhizae 100 kg ha?1 were applied as basal with required nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium fertilizer. Biochar amendment at the rate of 5 t ha?1 reduced the bulk density from 1.41 to 1.36 g cm?3 and increased the soil moisture 2.5%. With respect to soil chemical changes, it raised soil pH from 5.7 to 6.3; increased the cation exchange capacity 1.4 cmol+ kg?1 and enhanced the carbon buildup 4.4 t ha?1. The significant differences in bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes population were observed between biochar and control. The nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium were better utilized under biochar and composted coir pith, which was 21, 5 and 20 kg ha?1 higher than control. The experimental results suggested that application of biochar to acidic red soil favoured good soil physical, chemical and biological environment, and these positive changes influenced growth and yield attributes and enhanced pod yield 29% over control.  相似文献   

17.
Sweet corn consumption has increased considerably worldwide. Sweet corn is produced for human consumption as either a fresh or a processed product. The nutrient composition of sweet corn is very important for human health and diet. This study aimed to determine the best nitrogen (N) dosage for sweet corn. Kernel mineral composition and protein content were determined for different N rates. The research was carried out during 2003 and 2004 in Sanliurfa, Turkey. Nitrogen application rates were 120, 160, 200, 240, 280, 320, and 360 kg N ha?1 with control. The fresh ear yield per hectare and the protein and mineral contents of kernel were significant (P < 0.01). The lowest yield was obtained at low N applications, whereas increasing N applications increased the fresh ear yield and protein content of kernel. Nitrogen-use efficiency increased up to 320 kg ha?1 N dosage (60.2% and 58.6% for 2003 and 2004, respectively), and a decrease was seen at 360 kg ha?1 N dosage. Leaf area index and root dry matter increased with increasing N supply. The copper concentration of the kernel was generally positively affected by increasing N application. Iron and zinc contents of kernels increased, whereas manganese content decreased, with increasing N doses. At the focus of regression analysis, the best N dosage was 320 kg ha?1 along with the soil N content for Vega sweet corn variety grown in the southeastern Anatolia region of Turkey.  相似文献   

18.
Reclamation of sodic soils is proving increasingly vital as greater land area becomes salt-affected in the northern Great Plains of the United States. Flue gas desulfurization gypsum (FGDG) can be an agriculturally important resource for increasing land productivity through the amelioration of sodic soils. Biochar is also considered as an aid in reclaiming degraded soils. In this incubation study, two rates of FGDG (33.6 Mg ha?1 and 66.2 Mg ha?1), two rates of biochar made from sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) pulp (16.8 Mg ha?1), and one rate of FGDG combined with one rate of biochar (33.6 Mg ha?1 ea.) were applied to a sodic soil. Soil physicochemical properties, including cationic exchange, pH, electrical conductivity (ECe), sodium adsorption ratio (SARe), total organic carbon (TOC), water retention, and soil respiration rate, were assessed during and at the end of the incubation period. Addition of FGDG to sodic soil increased ECe from 3.5 to 8.4 dS m?1 and decreased SARe from 16 to 9. Biochar addition to sodic soil increased TOC from 62.2 to 99.5 μg g?1 and increased soil respiration rate (mg C kg?1 soil day?1) on every measurement period. When FGDG and biochar were both added to the sodic soil, TOC did not significantly improve; however, ECe increased from 3.5 to 7.7 dS m?1, SARe decreased from 16 to 9, and soil respiration rate increased for all measurements. The results confirm there is potential for FGDG and biochar to reclaim sodic soils alone, and applied in combination.  相似文献   

19.
Abstract

Maize (Zea mays L.) is a major nitrogen consuming crop, as nitrogen is considered as an important determinant of its grain yield. Though inorganic fertilizer is widely recommended, the problem of high cost and inaccessibility limit its usage by resource poor farmers. Biochar application provides a new technology for both soil fertility and crop productivity improvement. With limited research on the suitability of biochar for soil improvement practices in Ghana, our objective was to determine the synergistic effect of biochar and inorganic fertilizer on the nitrogen uptake, nitrogen use efficiency, and yield of maize. Field experiment was conducted in Ghana, KNUST, in the major and minor raining seasons. Biochar was applied at 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 t ha?1 and fertilizer N applied at 0, 45, and 90?kg ha?1. The results showed significantly (p??1 supplemented with 45?kg N ha?1 increased N uptake by 200%, and grain yield by 213% and 160% relative to the control in the minor and major rainy seasons, respectively. The greater yield of maize recorded on biochar-amended soils was attributed to the improved N uptake and nitrogen use efficiency. In conclusion, our finding suggests that the application of combined biochar and inorganic N fertilizer is not only ecologically prudent, but economically viable and a practicable alternative to current farmers’ practice of cultivating maize in Ghana.  相似文献   

20.
We measured soil microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN), microbial uptake of 15N, potential net mineralization and net nitrification in the laboratory to determine the influence of tree species on nitrogen (N) transformations in soils of the Catskills Mountains, New York, USA. Organic horizon soils were taken from single species plots of beech (Fagus grandifolia), hemlock (Tsuga canadensis), red oak (Quercus rubra), sugar maple (Acer saccharum) and yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis). 15NH4Cl was added to the soils and N pools were sampled at 1, 3, 10 and 28 days to examine microbial uptake of 15N over time. Soil MBN was about 60% lower in red oak and sugar maple soils than in the other three species. Soil pools of NO3− and rates of net nitrification were significantly greater in soils associated with sugar maple than hemlock, red oak and yellow birch. With the exception of sugar maple soils, microbial recovery of 15N was significantly greater after 10 and 28 days compared to 60 min and 1 day following 15N tracer addition. Microbial 15N recovery declined significantly within sugar maple stands within the first 3 days of incubation. Soil carbon to nitrogen ratio (C:N) was lowest in sugar maple soils and highest in red oak soils. However, correlations between soil C:N and MBN or rates of net mineralization and nitrification were not significant. Soil moisture could account for 22% of the variation in MBN and 36% of the variation in net mineralization. Soil microbial transformations of N vary among tree species stands and may have consequences for forest N retention and loss.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号