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1.
The impact of soil (1, 2 kg ha?1) and foliar (100, 200 mg L?1) boron (B) with control (no B) was evaluated on phenology and yield formation of Camelina each applied at stem elongation and flowering stages. Foliar (200 mg L?1) or soil B (2 kg ha?1) resulted in earlier flowering and maturity, increased fruit bearing branches (19.68%), number of siliqua, seeds per siliqua (4.6%), biological yield (15%), seed yield (24%), harvest index (11.4%) and oil contents (23%) than no B. Increased fruit bearing branches, seed filled siliqua or seed numbers, harvest index and oil quality can be attributed to changes in dry matter accumulated of stem with simultaneous increase in siliqua dry weight with foliar or soil applied B. In crux, foliar (200 mg L?1) or soil applied (2 kg ha?1) B seems promising to improve seed and oil yield, harvest index of Camelina sativa under B deficient condition.  相似文献   

2.
Inappropriate sulfur and potassium fertilization, particularly with continued soil nutrient mining and yearly fluctuations in rainfall, are major factors contributing to slow growth and low seed quality of canola in northwestern Pakistan. A field experiment was conducted in 2007–2008 on a sulfur (S) and potassium (K) deficient clay loam soil under irrigation at the research farm of NWFP (Northwest Frontier Province) Agricultural University, Peshawar, Pakistan, with an objective to determine response of phenology and seed quality of Brassica oilseed rape versus mustard to S and K fertilizer application. Twenty treatments in a randomized complete block design were consisted of two oilseed genotypes [rape (B. napus canola) and mustard (B. juncea canola)], at three rates each of S (15, 30, and 45 kg S ha?1) and K (30, 60, and 90 kg K ha?1), plus control (no K and S applied). Days to flowering, pod formation, seed filling duration and maturity were enhanced with K and S fertilization compared to control plots. The species B. napus took more time to flowering, pod formation, seed filling duration and maturity compared to B. juncea. Both genotypes responded positively for seed quality (oil and protein content) to K and S fertilization, but the magnitude of response varied with level and combination of K and S fertilization. Delay in the phenological stages showed negative relationship with oil and protein content in seed of both genotypes. It is concluded that a combination of 60 kg K ha?1 + 30 kg S ha?1 would accelerate phenological development and improve seed quality of rape and mustard in the study area.  相似文献   

3.
A field experiment was conducted on Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) with five levels of sulfur (S), 0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 kg S ha?1 in sub-tropical Inceptisol of Jammu, North India. The residual effect of S on rice crop was evaluated. The seed and stover yield of mustard increased in the linear order up to 60 kg S ha?1 but significant yield increase was obtained up to 30 S kg ha?1 which was 21.4 percent higher in comparison to the yield obtained in control. The uptake of S at maturity was significantly affected with all the levels of S application. The seed S uptake increased significantly up to 30 kg S ha?1 and stover 45 kg S ha?1. The residual effect of S was convincing in enhancing the rice yield to the tune of 5.3% over control, but was statistically non-significant. The S uptake was also favourably influenced by the residual S which was evidenced through increased S use efficiency. Agronomic and physiological efficiency as well as S recovery were all greatly influenced by direct and residual effect of S. Apparent S recovery was higher at 30 kg S ha?1 in mustard (12.06%).  相似文献   

4.
Influence of different phosphorus (P) sources on growth, yield and oil quality of linola was evaluated when randomized in complete block design using three replications. Treatments were control (No P), hydropriming, soil phosphorus (50 kg ha?1), seed inoculation with phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB, Bacillus spp.) and seed priming with single super phosphate (2%) alone and combined with reduced soil phosphorus (25 kg P ha?1). Among treatments, hydropriming and seed inoculation reduced seedling 50% and mean emergence time with highest emergence index, seedling fresh and dry weights and chlorophyll contents. Seed inoculation with soil P (25 kg ha?1) produced highest seeds per capsule, 100-seed weight, seed and biological yield, harvest index. Maximum oil percentage, low protein contents and high cost benefit ratio with net economic returns were also found for seed inoculation combined with soil phosphorus. Nonetheless, soil phosphorus application can be reduced when seed inoculation with PSB is employed.  相似文献   

5.
Improper sulfur (S) and potassium (K) fertilizer management, particularly with continued soil nutrient mining, is one of the major factors contributing to low seed yield of canola in northwestern Pakistan. A field experiment was conducted in 2007?2008 on a S and K deficient clay loam soil at the Research Farm of NWFP (Northwest Frontier Province) Agricultural University, Peshawar, Pakistan, with an objective to determine seed yield and yield components response of Brassica oilseed rape versus mustard to S and K application. Twenty treatments in a randomized complete block design were consisted of two oilseed rape (B. napus canola) and mustard (B. juncea canola) genotypes at three rates each of S (15, 30, and 45 kg S ha?1) and K (30, 60, and 90 kg K ha?1) fertilizers plus one control (no S and K applied). Seed yield and yield components increased significantly with K and S fertilization as compared to the zero-S/zero-K control. Both genotypes responded positively for seed yield and yield components to K and S fertilization, but the magnitude of response varied with levels of S and K, as well as combined K + S applications. It is concluded that a combination of 60 kg K + 30 kg S ha?1 would improve seed yield and yield components of rape and mustard in the study area and contribute significantly to increased production. Growing B. napus was better than B. juncea in the study area, because B. napus produced significantly higher seed yield and yield components than B. juncea, indicating that yield components are the most important criteria for selection of Brassica genotypes for higher seed yield.  相似文献   

6.
ABSTRACT

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seeds contain isoflavones that have positive impacts on human health. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of pre-plant mineral fertilization on isoflavone, oil and crude protein concentrations, and seed yield of field-grown soybean. The effects of potassium (0, 50, 100, and 150 kg K ha?1), phosphorus (0, 25, 50, and 75 kg P ha?1), sulfur (0, 15, 30, 45 kg S ha?1), and boron (0, 1.5, 3.0, and 4.5 kg B ha?1) were tested separately, each with two 00 soybean cultivars (‘Golden’ and ‘Grand Prix’) grown in replicated trials at Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, Canada in 2002/3. Seed total and individual isoflavone concentrations were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. Seed yield, 100-seed weight, and oil and crude protein (CP) contents were determined concurrently. Across years and cultivars, no fertilizer treatments effects were observed for most variables. This overall lack of response to fertilizers was attributed to the relatively high initial fertility of the sandy loam and sandy clay loam soils used. However, total and individual isoflavone concentrations were significantly affected by year and cultivar. Across experiments, total isoflavone concentration was 33% greater on average in 2003 than in 2002, which was characterized by above-average temperatures and severe drought. Cultivar with the greatest isoflavone concentration varied depending on the year. Fertilization does not appear to be a viable strategy to increase isoflavone concentration of soybean seeds on medium-to high-fertility soils.  相似文献   

7.
ABSTRACT

Sulfur (S) availability is a characteristic of conservation tillage. We studied the effects of S on sunflower yield and fatty acid profile under conventional and conservation tillage in silty clay soil of D.I. Khan, Pakistan. Conventional tillage consisted of disk plowing followed by tiller and rotavator, while conservation tillage comprises tiller and disc harrowing. Treatments comprise six sulfur levels (S1 = 0, S2 = 20 kg S ha?1 at sowing, S3 = 10 kg S ha?1 at sowing +10 kg S ha?1 25 days after sowing (DAS), S4 = 40 kg S ha?1 at sowing, S5 = 20 kg S ha?1 at sowing + 20 kg S ha?1 25 DAS, and S6 = 20 kg S ha?1 at sowing + 10 kg S ha?1 25 DAS + 10 kg S ha?1 50 DAS) replicated thrice. After 2 years of experimentation, soil samples were collected (from 0 to 0.30 m depth) for organic matter (OM), total soil N (TSN), and available sulfur analysis. Conservation tillage significantly increased OM, TSN, and S contents in 0–0.30 m soil compared to conventional tillage. Likewise, sunflower plants showed higher achene yield, better fatty acid profile, and net economic returns in conservation tillage than in conventional tillage. Application of 20 kg S ha?1 at sowing and 10 kg S ha?1 at each 25 and 50 DAS recorded significantly higher achene yield, higher oil, and linoleic acid contents; however, oleic and oleic/linoleic ratio did not increase with higher S rates. Conservation tillage was effective in increasing OM, TSN, and available S besides increasing yield and economics in silty clay soil.  相似文献   

8.
The production of oil from the conventional oilseed seed crops (viz. mustard, rapeseed) is not sufficient to meet the demands of Pakistani people. Due to this reason, a surplus quantity of oil is imported every year from different countries to fulfill the domestic demands of the cooking oil. This 2-year study was aimed to optimize the dose of NPK for profitable production of white mustard. Nitrogen (0, 60, 90?kg ha?1), phosphorous (0, 30, 60?kg ha?1) and potassium (0, 75, 100?kg ha?1) were applied in various combinations. The results indicated that highest seed yield and profitability was recorded with NPK at 90–60–100?kg ha?1, which was attributed to improvement in crop growth. In crux, application of NPK at pre-optimized rate might be a viable option to improve the growth, yield, oil quality, and economics of white mustard production under arid climates in Pakistan. According to the results, a balanced use of NPK fertilization is a key management strategy for white mustard growing farmers of arid region.  相似文献   

9.
Field trials were conducted for two consecutive years during the rabi season in sandy loam soils of Jammu (north India) under rainfed conditions to study the effect of gypsum and pyrite for sulfur (S) nutrition on the oil content, S uptake, and yield of Indian mustard. Application of S through gypsum or pyrite either in natural or ground form increased S content, uptake, oil content, and yield of mustard significantly over the control. Among the different treatments, S application at 50 kg S ha?1 of ground gypsum (GM2S2) recorded the significantly highest mean seed yield of 20.30 and 18.01 q ha?1, which lead to an increase of 30 and 29.8% in the first and second year, respectively, over the control. For the duration of the experiment, it was observed that 25 kg S ha?1 was the optimum dose, preferably of ground gypsum, for mustard crops under rainfed conditions.  相似文献   

10.
Crop residues are beneficial substances affecting crop production and soil properties. A field experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) residue rates (0, 25, 50 and 75%) combined with N levels (0, 34.5, 69, 103.5 kg ha?1) on yield and yield components of two red common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars and to monitor chemical soil parameters. The experiment was conducted at Research Center, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran for two years (2008–2009). The experiment was conducted as a split–split plot arranged in a randomized complete blocks design with three replications. The highest seed yield was obtained when 25–50% of residues were incorporated. The highest seed yield, seed weight per plant, 100-seed weight and seed number per pod were obtained with 103.5 kg N ha?1 with no significant difference to 69 kg N ha?1. Residue incorporation significantly increased soil organic carbon (SOC) as well as available K and P content. It is possible to sow red common bean as a double cropping by soil incorporation of 25–50% wheat residues with application of 69 kg N ha?1.  相似文献   

11.
A field experiment conducted on rapeseed (Brassica juncea L.) during 2005–2006 in a typical lateritic soil (Alfisol) of West Bengal, India revealed that sources of sulfur viz. gypsum and magnesium sulfate and levels of sulfur (0, 20, 40, 60 kg S ha?1) have significant influence on grain yield, total biological yield, sulfur concentration in grain and stover, total sulfur uptake, oil content and oil yield and chlorophyll content. The maximum grain yield (18.28 q ha?1) and oil yield (8.59 q ha?1) was obtained with magnesium sulfate followed by gypsum yielded the grain yield of 17.99 q ha?1 and oil yield of 8.22 q ha?1 at 40 kg S ha?1. Overall, the best performance was recorded when sulfur was applied at 40 kg S ha?1 either as magnesium sulfate or gypsum. Results revealed that magnesium sulfate may be considered as the better source of sulfur than gypsum to raise the mustard crop in sulfur deficient acidic red and lateritic soils of West Bengal and if farmers apply either magnesium sulfate or gypsum to soils, the possible deficiency of sulfur and magnesium/calcium in soils and plants can be avoided.  相似文献   

12.
Rice is a major cereal crop in Himachal Pradesh, a Himalayan state of India, where paddy acreage is about 78,000 ha with a low average yield of 19.62 q ha?1 due to rainfed upland farming. High seeding rates and poor resource-use efficiency of conventional fertilizer nitrogen (N) management practices in rainfed upland paddy have also been major production constraints in rainfed upland ecosystems. To validate and refine the production technology on seed rate and fertilizer N management, the Farm Science Centre, Sundernagar, India, conducted numerous on-farm trials (OFTs) during 2006–2010 under an on-farm participatory technology development approach to enhance resource use efficiency through these resource conservation technologies and boost the paddy productivity in the region. Results of two OFTs conducted during Kharif 2006 in the Mandi District of Himachal Pradesh on different seed rates under different sowing methods on VL Dhan-221 and Sukaradhan-1 (HPR-1156) cultivars suitable for rainfed upland conditions revealed that the seed rate at 80 kg ha?1 sown in rows 20 cm apart resulted in the greatest average paddy productivity to the tune of 25.6 q ha?1 besides greater profitability, followed by a seed rate at 60 kg ha?1 sown in rows 20 cm apart (25.2 q ha?1), over the earlier State Agricultural University (SAU)–recommended practice, that is, seed rate at 100 kg ha?1 in rows 20 cm apart. This refinement in the seed rate was accepted by the participating farmers of the region. The greatest average benefit/cost (B/C) ratio was observed in plots with seed rate at 60 kg ha?1 sown in rows 20 cm apart. Based on these results and data compilation from other locations of the state, now the SAU has refined the seed rate from earlier recommendation of 100 kg ha?1 to 60 kg ha?1 in rows 20 cm apart as well as 80 kg ha?1 through broadcast method under rainfed upland paddy in Himachal Pradesh. Results of two OFTs conducted during Kharif 2009 on integrated nutrient management in rainfed upland paddy revealed that farmyard manure (FYM) at 10 t ha?1 + nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (N, P, K) at 15:30:30 kg ha?1 at sowing followed by 15 kg N ha?1 15 days after sowing (DAS) and remaining the N [i.e., 30 kg N ha?1] at tillering (45–50 DAS) resulted in the greatest grain yield of 29.85 and 31.67 q ha?1 in VL Dhan-221 and HPR-1156, respectively, with respective greater yields of 35.99 and 36.51% over farmers’ practice, besides better profitability. To further standardize fertilizer N split doses and assess their effect on paddy productivity, another OFT was conducted during Kharif 2010 under rainfed upland paddy conditions in HPR-1156. The results revealed that NPK at 60:30:30 kg ha?1 (whole of P and K as basal, 50% N at 15 DAS, 25% N each at 45–50 DAS and 70–75 DAS splits) resulted in better grain yield (34.3 q ha?1) and net profitability (?29,786 ha?1) over other treatments. Overall, it is concluded that these resource conservation technologies developed under the OFT participatory approach can enhance the rainfed upland paddy productivity and strongly show that there is dire need to split the N requirement of rainfed upland paddy in 2–3 splits to reduce the fertilizer N losses, enhance resource-use efficiency, and increase productivity and profitability in Himachal Pradesh, India.  相似文献   

13.
This study was carried out to evaluate the impact of permanent and intermittent irrigation on the yield of rice (cv. Koohrang) in Lordegan rice-growing areas in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province (Iran). The experiment was set up in a randomized complete block design with four treatments and four replications during 2003 and 2004. Irrigation treatments were: I1, continuous irrigation with a 5-cm water head every day; I2, alternative irrigation with a 5-cm water head every 2 days; I3, alternative irrigation with a 5-cm water head every 4 days; and I4, alternative irrigation with a 5 cm water head every 6 days. Results showed that the paddy yield was highest under treatment I2 (5655.6 kg ha?1) and lowest under treatment I4 (3421.3 kg ha?1). The highest rate of water use was obtained in I1 with 17 687.5 m3 ha?1 and the lowest in I4 with 9325 m3 ha?1. Paddy yield, plant height, panicle length and 1000-seed weight did not show a significant difference at the 5% level among I1, I2 and I3, but differed significantly to I4. Thus irrigation treatment I3 is appropriate for paddy irrigation in the Lordegan region with 10 645 m3 ha?1 water use and 5483.7 kg ha?1 paddy yield.  相似文献   

14.
The effect of cattle manure and sulfur fertilizer on seed yield and oil composition of pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo var. Styriaca) under inoculated with Thiobacillus thiooxidans was investigated in a factorial study based on a randomized complete block design. Experimental factors consisted of cattle manure (M) (M0: 0, M1: 10; and M2: 20 t ha?1), sulfur (S) (S0: 0, S1: 250; and S2: 500 kg ha?1) and T. thiooxidans (B): inoculated (B1) and non-inoculated (B0). Results demonstrated that the application of T. thiooxidans, cattle manure, and S fertilizer decreased the soil pH. The largest number of seed per fruit (367), highest fruit yield (70.57 t ha?1), seed iron (Fe) content (16.26 mg 100 g?1), and seed yield (111 kg ha?1) was obtained when 20 t ha?1 manure was applied in combination with 500 kg ha?1 S inoculated with T. thiooxidans. In this condition, the content of S, Fe, phosphorus (P), and nitrogen (N) in plant shoots was increased by 44.8%, 22.58%, 33.89%, and 10.38%, respectively, compared to the control. Moreover, the highest content of seed protein was observed in 10 t ha?1 manure and 500 kg ha?1 S fertilizer inoculated with T. thiooxidans. When 250 kg ha?1 S fertilizer was applied, 20 t ha?1 manure decreased seed P content sharply. At the rate of 500 kg ha?1 S fertilizer, the highest content of seed P was obtained from 20 t ha?1 manure. Totally, 20 t ha?1 cattle manure, along with 500 kg ha?1 S fertilizer as well as T. thiooxidans inoculation, improved oil and seed yield of medicinal pumpkin.  相似文献   

15.
To study the effects of phosphorus (P) fertilizer (cow manure, phosphorus solublizing bacteria) and sowing density on seed production of alfalfa, an experiment was laid out in a three-replicated split-split plot design with four phosphorus fertilizer rates (0, 30, 60 and 90 kg ha?1) in main plots, three phosphorus-solublizing bacteria (9, 41strains, and no bacteria) in sub-plots and three sowing densities (2, 6 and 10 kg ha?1) in sub-sub plots. The highest seed yield resulted from 60 and 90 kg P ha?1. Application of bacteria strain 41 was more efficient than bacteria strain 9 in seed yield and 1000-seed weight. Seed yield at 6 seed kg ha?1 treatment was higher than 10 kg ha?1, although there was no significant difference between them. Based on the results of this experiment the triple application of P60, B41 and SD6 could be recommended as the best treatment for seed production of alfalfa (Cultivar ‘Nikshahri’) under the semi-saline condition.  相似文献   

16.
In order to investigate the effect of nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) fertilizers on yield and seed quality of three canola cultivars, a factorial based on randomized complete block experiment was conducted during 2005–2006 in Iran. Treatments included four nitrogen rates (0, 75, 150, and 225 kg N ha?1 source of urea), four sulfur rates (0, 100, 200, and 300 kg S ha?1), and three cultivars (‘Pf’, ‘Option-500’, and ‘Hyola-401’). Results indicated cultivar had a significant effect on all studied traits. ‘Option-500’ and ‘Hyola-401’ cultivars had the highest seed yield, protein content, and N:S ratio in seed. The levels of 150 and 220 kg N ha?1 resulted in the maximum protein content. Increasing N levels resulted in N content and decreased the oil content. The interaction effect between S and N levels showed the highest N content in seed was obtained with 300 kg S ha?1 and 225 kg N ha?1.  相似文献   

17.
Field experiments (established in autumn 1979, with monoculture barley from 1980 to 1990 and barley/wheat–canola–triticale–pea rotation from 1991 to 2008) were conducted on two contrasting soil types (Gray Luvisol [Typic Haplocryalf] loam soil at Breton; Black Chernozem [Albic Agricryoll] silty clay loam soil at Ellerslie) in north-central Alberta, Canada, to determine the influence of tillage (zero tillage and conventional tillage), straw management (straw removed [SRem] and straw retained [SRet]), and N fertilizer rate (0, 50 and 100 kg N ha?1in SRet, and only 0 kg N ha?1in SRem plots) on seed yield, straw yield, total N uptake in seed + straw (1991–2008), and N balance sheet (1980–2008). The N fertilizer urea was midrow-banded under both tillage systems in the 1991 to 2008 period. There was a considerable increase in seed yield, straw yield, and total N uptake in seed + straw with increasing N rate up to 100 kg N ha?1 under both tillage systems. On the average, conventional tillage produced greater seed yield (by 279 kg ha?1), straw yield (by 252 kg ha?1), and total N uptake in seed + straw (by 6.0 kg N ha?1) than zero tillage, but the differences were greater at Breton than Ellerslie. Compared to straw removal treatment, seed yield, straw yield, and total N uptake in seed + straw tended to be greater with straw retained at the zero-N rate used in the study. The amounts of applied N unaccounted for over the 1980 to 2008 period ranged from 1114 to 1846 kg N ha?1 at Breton and 845 to 1665 kg N ha?1 at Ellerslie, suggesting a great potential for N loss from the soil-plant system through denitrification, and N immobilization from the soil mineral N pool. In conclusion, crop yield and N uptake were lower under zero tillage than conventional, and long-term retention of straw suggests some gradual improvement in soil productivity.  相似文献   

18.
Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) levels and their methods of application on canola. Branches plant?1, pods plant?1 and biological yield significantly increased with increase in nitrogen level and no significant increase in seed pod?1 and seed and oil yields occurred beyond 120 kg N ha?1. However, thousand seed weight consistently decreased with increasing level of nitrogen. Pods plant?1 and biological yield continually increased with increase in sulfur level. Alternatively, significant increase in branches plant?1, seed pod?1, seed weight, seed and oil yields was noted with increase in sulfur level up to 40 kg ha?1. Applications of sulfur and nitrogen in split significantly decreased seed yield as compared to sole applications. It is concluded that sulfur and nitrogen application as sole at the rate of 40 and 120 kg ha?1, respectively performed better than the rest of their levels and method of application.  相似文献   

19.
White mustard and soybean seed meals were compared for weed control and yield of organically grown broccoli and spinach. The meals were incorporated into the soil 2 weeks before crop planting at two rates (1.24 and 4.48 t ha?1). Weed densities and hand-weeding time were recorded twice during the growing seasons and weed biomass was measured at crop harvest. Compared to the 1.24 t ha?1 soybean treatment, weed densities were 52 to 95% and 41 to 45% less at 3 and 6 weeks after planting, respectively, in both crops with the 4.48 t ha?1 white mustard seed meal treatment. Time required for hand weeding at these times was also reduced by up to 82% and 48%, respectively. Broccoli yield was similar in all the treatments, but spinach yield was greatest in the 4.48 t ha?1 treatments for both seed meals. Petiole nitrate and nutrient concentrations in both crops were generally similar in all the treatments.  相似文献   

20.
Camelina (Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz) seed oil has desirable properties for producing advanced biofuels and as a healthy cooking oil. It has been grown for centuries, but basic recommendations for nitrogen (N) fertilizer requirements are still needed to support widespread industrial cultivation across North America. A replicated N-response plot-scale study was conducted on a northern Mollisol soil for two growing seasons to 1) determine seed and oil yield, seed oil content, and vegetative response; 2) determine indices of N use efficiency; and 3) measure post-harvest residual inorganic soil N as an index of environmental risk. Seed and oil yield response to N fertilization was described with a quadratic function, which predicted maximum seed yield (1450 kg ha?1) and oil yield (580 kg ha?1) at about 130 kg N ha?1. However, seed and oil yield did not differ significantly among N-rates above 34 kg N ha?1. Seed oil content averaged 400 g kg?1 among all N rates. Agronomic efficiency declined above 34 kg N ha?1, which coincided with an increase of post-harvest soil nitrate-N plus ammonium-N (residual N). Considering N use efficiency, simple cost analysis, and risk associated with residual N, a rate of 34 kg N ha?1 is recommended.  相似文献   

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