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1.
不同品种水稻的产量构成因素及其对氮磷吸收的差异研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
为筛选出适合江苏地区种植的高产、高效水稻品种,采用盆栽试验,测定了江苏地区常见的11个水稻品种的株高、产量、结实率、总干物质量以及不同部位N、P含量,分析了水稻产量与其构成因素、氮磷积累量、氮磷收获指数间的相关关系。结果表明,水稻平均产量为16.85 g pot~(-1),变化幅度为8.28~25.18 g pot~(-1),品种间产量差异显著(P0.05),其中泰瑞丰5产量最高。水稻各部位氮素含量从大到小依次为:籽粒叶≈根茎谷壳,其中苏秀9籽粒中氮含量显著高于其他品种。磷素在水稻各部位中的含量分布为:籽粒根≈茎叶≈谷壳,籽粒中的磷含量最多的是南粳5055。相关分析表明,水稻的产量与总干物质量、穗粒数、氮磷积累量及氮磷收获指数均存在显著的相关性。不同品种水稻的产量、籽粒氮磷含量存在显著差异,这为高产、高效水稻品种的筛选提供了重要的科学依据。  相似文献   

2.
Abstract

Soft winter wheat is used to make cookies, cakes, crackers, donuts, etc., and as such, grain nitrogen content (as protein) is an important determinant of flour quality and eventually the quality of the products made from it. Intensive Cereal Management (ICM) techniques are being adapted throughout the midwestem United States to increase grain yield and crop profits. The effect of additional/altered management inputs on grain nutrient content is important since they may be detrimental to subsequent product quality. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of cultivars and ICM inputs on grain nutrient content Identical field studies were conducted in 1985 and 1986 at Columbus, OH, East Lansing, MI, and Madison, WI containing three cultivars subjected to each of three management treatments differing in seeding and nitrogen rates, and the use of a fungicide, Propiconazole (Tilt) and plant growth regulator, Ethephon (Cerone). Nitrogen in the form of urea was applied at specific growth stages, and rates adapted to the soil type and previous crop of each study location so that similar amounts of N would be available to the wheat crop at each location.

Both environment and cultivar had significant effects on the leaf content of some but not all nutrients. The combination of increased seeding and nitrogen rates had no effect on grain yield but increased grain nitrogen content, leaf N, Ca, Mg, Mn, and Fe content The use of Tilt and Cerone also increased grain yield and nitrogen content, but lowered leaf K, Ca, and Mg.  相似文献   

3.
Sufficient nutrient levels in leaves of crops have substantial effects on plant growth, development, and grain yield, as it is a fundamental constituent of many leaf cell components. The effect of phosphorus (P), mucuna management options, and nitrogen (N) on the biomass, leaf area index (LAI) and leaf nutrient content of maize on a depleted sandy loam soil in Zimbabwe were investigated. The experimental design was a split-split-plot with two P rates, four mucuna management options, and four N treatments (applied to a subsequent maize crop). Biomass, LAI, and foliar N, P, potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) in the subsequent maize crop were determined. A significant three-way interaction (P < 0.05) between mucuna management options, N rates, and time was observed in terms of biomass production and all nutrients in the leaves of the subsequent maize crop.  相似文献   

4.
【目的】明确我国主要麦区小麦主栽品种(系)籽粒硫含量差异,研究地点、年份、品种(系)对小麦籽粒硫含量的影响,为科学施肥和选育优质稳产小麦品种提供依据。【方法】于旱作区、麦玉区和稻麦区共47个地点种植当地主栽品种(系),测定了小麦生物量、收获指数、产量及其构成、籽粒硫累积量,并对籽粒硫含量与小麦生物量、收获指数、产量构成、硫累积量、籽粒养分含量、土壤肥力指标间的相互关系进行分析。【结果】旱作区、麦玉区和稻麦区主栽小麦品种(系)籽粒硫含量分别介于1.73～2.27、1.59～2.01和1.42～1.73 g/kg,平均值分别为1.98、1.78和1.53 g/kg。同一麦区内籽粒硫含量主要受品种(系)、地点和年份影响。旱作区,品种(系)对籽粒硫含量变异的贡献率最高,为13.1%;麦玉区和稻麦区地点对籽粒硫含量变异的贡献率最高,平均分别为34.2%和52.0%,品种(系)对籽粒硫含量变异的贡献率平均分别为25.4%和7.1%。收获指数和籽粒硫吸收量对小麦籽粒硫含量的影响大于产量构成要素、硫收获指数和地上部硫吸收量。旱作区籽粒硫含量与千粒重、地上部硫吸收量显著正相关,麦玉区与产量显著负相关,与...  相似文献   

5.
Abstract

Plant analysis is an important component of soil fertility and plant nutrition research. Plant analysis at harvest of the crop forms the basis for constructing nutrient balances and assessing the nutrient needs of production systems. Amounts of macro‐ and micronutrient elements removed by improved, upland and lowland rice cultivars were determined in field experiments at two sites in Ivory Coast. Amounts of nitrogen (N), zinc (Zn), and manganese (Mn) removed for 11 rice grain yield by upland and lowland rice cultivars were similar, but the amounts of phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) removed were higher for lowland than upland rice. The nutrient element harvest indexes (amount in grain/amount in grain plus straw) varied between the cultivars, but more importantly, among nutrient elements. On average the nutrient harvest index was highest for P (69%) and lowest for K (10%). The results suggest that the nutrient requirement of rice for K can be met to a large extent through the recycling of K in rice straw. The amounts of other major nutrients, N and P in the straw were small and hence less scope for supplying these nutrients through the recycling of rice straw.  相似文献   

6.
不同基因型水稻苗期氮营养特性差异及综合评价   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  
氮肥过量施用,不仅造成氮肥大量流失,还增加了农业生产成本,对生态环境带来了巨大的威胁。筛选氮高效基因型水稻品种是提高氮素利用效率、降低环境污染的有效途径。本文利用营养液培养方法,研究了55个水稻品种(系)在相同供氮水平(40 mg·L~(-1))、不同供氮形态(NH_4~+-N和NO_3~–-N)条件下苗期吸收与积累氮素的差异。并采用隶属函数法将评价指标进行标准化,基于氮效率综合值,运用分层聚类热图分析,进行55个水稻品种氮效率类型的划分,为氮高效水稻品种的筛选提供依据。在NH_4~+-N和NO_3~–-N培养下,不同水稻品种的整株生物量、茎叶生物量、根系生物量、根系氮含量、茎叶氮累积量差异性显著,变异系数分别在0.69~0.80和0.57~0.74之间。通过因子分析发现,在NH_4~+-N和NO_3~–-N培养条件下的主成分情况相同,第1主成分由整株生物量、茎叶生物量、根系生物量、整株氮累积量、茎叶氮累积量、根系氮累积量决定,主要为反映植株的生物量及氮素累积量指标;第2主成分由不同器官的氮含量决定。综合水稻苗期氮素吸收累积变异特征及因子分析,将整株生物量、茎叶生物量、根系生物量、茎叶氮累积量作为水稻苗期氮高效综合评价指标。根据隶属函数法计算出的氮效率综合值和采用欧氏距离平方拟合的分层聚类热图,55个供试水稻品种可分为氮高效型、氮中效型、氮低效型3大类,分别占供试品种总数的10.91%、27.27%、61.82%。在NH_4~+-N和NO_3~–-N供应条件下,初步确定‘广两优3905’、‘甬优9号’、‘中籼2503’、‘Ⅱ优602’、‘两优766’和‘深两优1813’为氮高效型品种。  相似文献   

7.
玉米叶片SPAD值、全氮及硝态氮含量的品种间变异   总被引：11，自引：2，他引：9  
研究比较两种土壤肥力条件下,4个春玉米品种在喇叭口期至成熟期间叶片SPAD值、全氮及硝态氮含量的变异程度、及其与氮素积累和产量形成的关系,以期为不同品种植株的氮素营养测试指标的优化提供依据。结果表明,叶片SPAD值与产量、吸氮量及生物量呈显著相关,该值主要受氮肥水平影响,并因土壤肥力而变异。从喇叭口期至灌浆期间平均变异幅度为17.7%,但品种间变异很小,平均仅为4.3%。说明利用SPAD值诊断玉米氮素营养时,其诊断指标不需要因品种而调整,但需要因不同肥力而调整。在新立城低肥力条件下,喇叭口期(V12)和抽雄期(VT)的SPAD临界值指标分别为46.1和57.8;在德惠高肥力条件下,两个时期的SPAD值临界值较为接近,分别为59.9和60.3。植株叶片硝态氮含量在土壤肥力间及品种间变异均较大,变异幅度分别为43.1%和29.3%,且与产量、吸氮量及生物量的相关性均较差,不适于在大面积范围内单独作为玉米氮素营养状况的评价指标。  相似文献   

8.
This research evaluates the influence of light regime and substrate composition on the flower productivity and leaf macronutrient content of two gerbera cultivars (‘Ruby Red’ and ‘Vino’) grown in a greenhouse. A special emphasis was given to macro-element ratios in gerbera leaf. The results confirm positive influence of supplemental lighting on flower yield in both gerbera cultivars. Also, mixed substrate (coco fiber + rice husks) resulted with higher flower yield. Cultivar ‘Vino’ showed better productivity and significantly lower concentration of nitrogen (N), potassium (K), and magnesium (Mg) as compared to ‘Ruby Red’. The total flower productivity per plant correlated with some of the tested macronutrients in gerbera leaf (N, K, Mg) only in natural light conditions. Among all calculated leaf nutrient ratios, only P/Mg was significantly and positively correlated to flower yield, based on data from both light variants.  相似文献   

9.
  【目的】  湖南怀化市花洋溪村“贡田”生产的稻米品质优良,历史上一直作为贡品。我们研究了品种和“贡田”的理化性状和环境,以分析形成优质稻米的影响因素。  【方法】  在湖南怀化市花洋溪村的“贡田”与非贡田中采集0—20 cm 耕层土样,测定土壤有机碳、全量及速效氮磷养分含量。在两块田中同时种植了‘禾中香’、‘穗晚香’、‘农香25’ 3个水稻品种,测定了灌溉水、稻谷和土壤的22种元素含量,分析了稻米的食味品质(外观、黏度、硬度、平衡度、食味值)及营养品质(蛋白质、脂肪、淀粉)。通过冗余分析、结构方程模型等方法,解析“贡田”对水稻食味及营养品质的影响。  【结果】  与非贡田相比,“贡田”土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、速效钾、有效磷含量,微生物量碳、微生物量氮、微生物量磷含量,以及铁、铝含量均明显较高。“贡田”中生长的水稻籽粒中含有较高的锌、铷、锶含量和较高的脂肪含量 (营养品质),而稻米的食味品质(黏度、外观及食味值)则更多地取决于水稻品种。冗余分析结果显示,土壤全量养分、速效养分及微生物生物量解释了59%的水稻食味及营养品质差异。结构方程模型显示,土壤中22种元素含量与水稻中的相应元素含量显著正相关。灌溉水元素含量较少,对稻米食味及营养品质影响也较小。  【结论】  “贡田”通过长期施用有机肥显著提高了土壤有机质和氮、磷、钾含量,维持了较好的土壤生物性状,因此,在同样施肥量下,可显著提高水稻的产量和营养品质。相比于土壤肥力,稻米品种特性决定着稻米的食味品质及其对土壤肥力的响应。依据当下的施肥量和施肥方法(含秸秆还田),稻米中较高的脂肪含量和较低的蛋白含量均有助于稻米食味值的增加。因此,维持高的土壤肥力和适当的施肥水平,是获得优质稻米和较高产量的关键。  相似文献   

10.
连续覆膜旱作稻氮、磷、钾养分分布特征探讨   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
通过长期田间定位试验对自2001年起连续覆膜旱作稻N、P、K养分吸收分布特征及秸秆还田对其影响作了研究。结果表明,水稻各器官中籽粒氮磷浓度最高,而钾在茎部最高;氮磷含量主要分布在籽粒,钾主要分布在叶和茎部;秸秆还田提高了植株体内总氮和钾吸收量,而磷稍有降低,具有降低籽粒中氮磷钾的浓度趋势,且它们在籽粒中分配率都有所下降。随着氮肥用量增加,覆膜旱作稻籽粒氮浓度和氮吸收量、以及磷钾吸收量均有所增加,而磷和钾浓度则稍有下降趋势;氮、磷和钾在籽粒中的分配率降低。与常规水作和裸地旱作相比,覆膜旱作一定程度提高了水稻各器官氮浓度以及根茎叶中磷浓度,但籽粒中磷浓度以及各器官中钾浓度差异甚微。覆膜旱作提高了植株总氮、磷和钾含量,籽粒中氮占植株总氮含量比率稍有提高,磷和钾在籽粒中的分配率则稍低于常规水作。  相似文献   

11.
【目的】在尿素中添加由改性蒙脱石和有机聚合粘结剂等组成的基质材料 (> 5%) 生产的尿素具有缓释效果。本试验研究了将基质材料降低到国家标准允许的最高限量 (2.5%) 时肥料的缓释效果,为新型肥料的生产提供理论依据。【方法】于2016和2017年在合肥进行水稻和玉米田间试验。设置无氮对照、常规尿素和缓释尿素 (含N 45.2%和基质材料2.5%) 3个处理。调查了水稻抽穗期和玉米吐丝期株高、叶面积、根系表面积,分析了叶片叶绿素含量、硝酸还原酶和谷氨酰胺合成酶活性,产量及其构成因素,并分析了水稻抽穗期和玉米吐丝期土壤矿质氮含量,评估了肥料氮素淋溶与氨挥发风险。利用室内淋溶实验模拟了缓释肥料氮素的淋出量变化。【结果】基于两年试验结果的平均值进行分析:与常规尿素相比,缓释尿素处理水稻植株增高了4.5%,玉米增高了12.4%;水稻叶面积提高了9.8%,玉米提高了11.5%;水稻根系表面积提高了9.5%,玉米提高了5.0%;叶片叶绿素含量水稻提高了18.5%,玉米提高了7.8%;叶片硝酸还原酶活性水稻提高了19.6%,玉米提高了20.3%;叶片谷氨酰胺合成酶活性水稻提高了17.7%,玉米提高了11.5%。与普通尿素相比,缓释尿素处理水稻增产17.2% (P < 0.05),玉米增产6.6% (P > 0.05)。缓释尿素处理可提高水稻单位面积有效穗数,但降低穗粒数;缓释尿素处理有提高玉米穗粒数和千粒重的趋势。通径分析表明,缓释尿素处理提高水稻产量的原因主要是提高了亩穗数,提高玉米产量的主要原因是提高了穗粒数。肥料氮素损失过程可以用逻辑斯谛方程拟合 (P < 0.01),缓释尿素比常规尿素具有较低的氮素淋溶和氨挥发风险。在水稻抽穗期,缓释尿素处理的土壤矿质氮含量比常规尿素处理提高9.2% (P < 0.05);在玉米吐丝期,缓释尿素处理的土壤矿质氮含量比常规尿素处理提高18.1% (P < 0.05)。缓释尿素处理较低的氮素损失风险和较高的土壤矿质氮含量是其改善作物生长的重要原因。【结论】2.5%基质改性缓释尿素具有减少氮素损失、提高土壤矿质氮含量、改善植株形态生长和生理活性、提高水稻与玉米产量的作用,在水稻和玉米栽培中具有一定应用前景。  相似文献   

12.
Growth parameters and nutrient uptake of faba bean with 12 different genotypes were studied at the end of four subsequent growth periods, viz. first vegetative (V1), second vegetative (V2), first reproductive (R1) and second reproductive (R2) periods for two years and correlated with final grain yield. All parameters including plant height, leaf number, leaf area index (LAI), above ground plant dry matter (DM) and root DM, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) uptake and concentration of N, P, K, Ca, and Mg showed different patterns with advancement of the growth period. All the mentioned parameters were fitted in either quadratic or linear equations. Significant correlations were found among nutrients, growth parameters and grain yield during different growth stages. On the basis of these experiments it was clear that nutrient uptake was directly related to biomass. In V2 and R1 biomass production was greatest resulting in high nutrient uptake. Among the growth parameters, biomass and LAI showed the highest significant correlation with grain yield. The findings especially models derived from two year data across twelve genotypes can be used for better fertilizer management of faba bean.  相似文献   

13.
Abstract

Poor productivity of rice in rainfed lowlands is due to complete submergence as it is a major abiotic stress of these regions. For enhancing the rice productivity of these areas, better nutrient management options are required and results may even better when combined with stress tolerant cultivars, even when tested under natural conditions of farmers’ field. For supporting the above statement, the effect of nitrogen and phosphorus in graded doses was evaluated for submergence tolerance in controlled conditions and the results obtained were tested and validated at farmers’ field in Cuttack, Odisha, India. Shoot elongation, leaf senescence and lodging were lowest with the application of higher phosphorus (60?kg ha?1). Highest dose i.e. 100-60-40 NPK kg ha?1 resulted in higher plant survival of all the varieties by 90–170% over no nutrient application, it was also reflected in the higher growth after recovery, leaf greenness, leaf and stem growth, chlorophyll and carbohydrate concentrations and ultimately higher grain yield. At farmers’ field, application of basal P, K and post-flood N management practice resulted in overall better performance of Swarna and Swarna-Sub1 showing higher yield attributes leading to 65.7 and 37.9% higher grain yield, over conventional practices followed by farmers. Apart from that results were more positive if post-flood nitrogen was applied as urea foliar spray might be due to quick absorption of N by plant leaves and also spraying helps in removing the silt of flood water sticking to the leaf surface and facilitated the plants to photosynthesize and survive after desubmergence. These cost-effective management options may enhance the productivity and profitability of rice in the flood-prone areas where farmers hesitate to apply nutrients.  相似文献   

14.
温室盆栽条件下比较了浙江慈溪不同利用年限水稻土（50至2000年）水稻生长与谷物产量的差异,以及无施肥条件下种植水稻对水稻土微生物生物量与转化酶、脲酶活性的影响。结果发现,利用年限较长水稻土上种植的水稻植株相对较高（p 0.10）,水稻秸秆、根系及谷粒的生物量均随水稻土利用年限延长而显著增加（p 0.05）;N、P、K等营养元素在植株不同部位的分异状况不同,其中秸秆的全P和全K含量均随水稻土利用年限延长而显著升高（p 0.05）,而米粒的全N含量也趋于升高（p 0.10）。温室盆栽试验之后,水稻土的微生物生物量及酶活性与利用年限之间的关系规律和种植水稻之前基本一致,且整体上又趋于下降,即无施肥条件下种植水稻转化利用了土壤部分微生物生物量,并减弱了与碳氮转化相关酶的活性,对保持水稻土的营养水平造成不利影响。结果表明,水稻土的肥力质量历经两千年的长期稻作长盛不衰、粮食生产能力不减反增,而且是在作物有效养分可循环利用（如秸秆还田或外施肥料）的前提下实现持续利用的。  相似文献   

15.
ABSTRACT

Iron (Fe) toxicity is a widespread nutritional soil constraint affecting rice production in the wetland soils of West Africa. Critical levels of total iron in plant causing toxicity is difficult to determine as different rice cultivars respond to excessive Fe2 + in various ways in what is called “bronzing” or “yellowing” symptoms (VBS). An investigation was conducted to evaluate the relationship between plant growth and nutrient ratios at four iron levels (1000, 3000, 4000 μ g L?1) and control. This involved two rice cultivars (‘ITA 212’ and ‘Suakoko 8’), and two soil types (Aeric Fluvaquent and Aeric Tropaquept). The experimental design was a 2 × 2 × 4 factorial in a completely randomized fashion with four replications. The results showed that nutrient ratios [phosphorus (P)/Fe, potassium (K)/Fe, calcium (Ca)/Fe, magnesium (Mg)/Fe, and manganese (Mn)/Fe), Fe content, and Fe uptake vary widely with the iron levels as well as with the age of the cultivars. The iron toxicity scores expressed as VBS increased with increasing Fe2 + in the soils, resulting in simultaneous reduction of the following variables: plant height, tiller numbers/pot, relationships grain yield (GY) and dry matter yield (DMY). There were no significant difference between nutrient ratios, Fe contents, Fe uptake, the GY and DMY of both rice cultivars on both soil types. Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that Fe uptake and Fe contents contributed 42% and 17% respectively to the variation in the grain yield of ‘ITA 212’ on Aeric Tropaquept. On both soil types and cultivars, Fe uptake and Fe content contributed between 26 and 68% to the variation in the DMY, while the nutrient ratios (P/Fe, K/Fe, Ca/Fe, and Mn/Fe) contributed between 3% and 13% DMY. Thus, it could be concluded that iron toxicity in rice is more a function of a single nutrient (Fe) rather than nutrient ratios.  相似文献   

16.
We studied the dynamics of microbial C, N, and P in soil cropped with rice (Oryza sativa) and lentils (Lens culinaris) in a dryland farming system. The crop biomass and grain yield were also studied. The microbial biomass and its N and P contents were larger under the lentil than under the rice crop. Microbial nutrients decreased as the crops grew and then increased again. Farmyard manure and NPK fertilizer applications increased the level of microbial nutrients, crop biomass, and grain yield by 35–80%, 55–85%, and 74–86%, respectively. However, these applications had no significant effect on most of the soil physicochemical properties in the short term. The microbial biomass was correlated with the crop biomass and grain yield. The calculated flux of N and P through the microbial biomass ranged from 30–45 and 10–19 kg ha-1 year-1, respectively. Cultivation of a cereal crop followed by a leguminous crop sustains higher levels of microbial nutrients and hence greater fertility in impoverished tropical arable soils. The soil microbial biomass appears to contribute significantly to crop productivity by releasing nutrients, and applications of manure, either alone or with fertilizers, promote this effect more strongly than the application of NPK fertilizers alone.  相似文献   

17.
【目的】 调查高产小麦品种籽粒氮含量差异,探讨引起籽粒氮含量差异的主要农学和营养学因素,对于品种选育和优化养分管理,提高旱地小麦产量与营养品质有重要意义。 【方法】 于2013—2016年,以我国不同麦区的123个小麦品种为供试材料,在陕西渭北旱塬连续三年开展田间试验。设置施肥 (N 150 kg/hm2、P2O5 100 kg/hm2) 和不施肥对照两个处理,收获后测产。在产量高于平均值的品种中,籽粒含氮量列前10名的定义为高氮品种,后10名的为低氮品种。分析了高产小麦品种植株和籽粒氮、磷、钾含量,干物质累积,产量构成及氮磷钾吸收利用的关系。 【结果】 小麦籽粒含氮量与产量呈极显著负相关,高产品种平均产量为6.9 t/hm2,籽粒产量每增加1000 kg/hm2,含氮量平均降低1.1 g/kg。高产品种间籽粒氮含量差异显著,高氮品种的籽粒含氮量平均分别为24.2 g/kg,低氮品种平均为19.4 g/kg,相差24.7%。两组品种的产量、生物量和产量构成因素差异均不显著,高氮品种的产量、生物量、收获指数、穗数和穗粒数对氮肥响应更敏感,施肥后分别显著增加70.0%、60.2%、9.8%、51.6%和14.3%,高氮品种营养器官含氮量较高,施肥后可显著增加150.0%;高、低氮品种籽粒的磷钾含量无显著差异,施肥后钾含量增加幅度均大于磷含量增加。高氮品种施肥后地上部氮、磷吸收量高于低氮品种,籽粒积累量增加幅度高于营养器官;籽粒钾吸收量无论施肥与否均显著低于低氮品种。施肥后,高氮品种地上部氮磷钾吸收量增幅高于低氮品种,营养器官的增幅高于籽粒。两类品种的氮磷收获指数无显著差异,但高氮品种的钾收获指数三年平均显著低于低氮品种。 【结论】 旱地土壤养分供应充足条件下,高产小麦高、低籽粒氮品种的产量、穗数、穗粒数和千粒重均无显著差异,但高籽粒氮品种对施肥响应更敏感。高产小麦品种间籽粒氮含量存在显著差异,高氮品种的籽粒含磷量高,含钾量低。施肥后,高氮品种的籽粒氮含量提高,磷、钾含量降低。高氮品种具有较高的地上部氮磷钾吸收量,但其向籽粒的转移能力并无优势。因此,在高产优质品种选育中,应进一步提升品种的氮磷钾收获指数,促进养分向籽粒分配,同时生产中需优化肥料投入,促进籽粒氮磷钾吸收与利用,实现产量和籽粒氮磷钾含量同步提高。   相似文献   

18.
Abstract

Little attention has been devoted to calibrating plant tissue tests for phosphorus (P) in the field for upland rice in West Africa, although information is needed for improving crop production through efficient P nutrition. A field experiment was conducted under rainfed conditions in the 1994 season to establish the relationships between plant P content and grain yield of upland rice grown on an Ultisol, having a range in extractable P, in the humid forest zone of Ivory Coast. The critical limit of P content in the whole rice plant tops at the tillering stage, at 90% relative grain yield, was found to be 2 g kg‐1 P for the four upland rice cultivars tested. Total P uptake in the biomass was significantly correlated with rice grain (r=0.81, n=20) and straw (r=0.79) yields of the cultivars.  相似文献   

19.
Upland rice is an important crop in South America, including Brazil. Nutrient interactions are important in determining crop yields. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to evaluate interaction among nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) in upland rice production. The treatments applied to upland rice grown on an Oxisol were three levels of N (N0, N150 and N300 mg kg?1), three levels of P (P0, P100 and P200 mg kg?1) and three levels of K (K0, K100 and K200 mg kg?1). These treatments were tested in a 3 × 3 × 3 factorial arrangement. Grain yield, shoot dry weight, plant height, root dry weight, maximum root length, panicle number, 1000-grain weight, and grain harvest index were significantly influenced by N, P, and K treatments. The treatment that did not receive P fertilization did not produce panicle or grain. Hence, P was most yield-limiting nutrient compared to two other nutrients. At the N0P0K0 treatment, rice did not produce grains, indicating severe deficiency of these nutrients in Brazilian Oxisols. Maximum grain yield was obtained with the N300P200K200 treatment. Grain yield had significant positive association with plant height, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, maximum root length, 1000-grain weight, panicle number, and grain harvest index. Among these growth and yield components, shoot dry weight had the highest positive association with grain yield and root length minimum positive association with grain yield. Hence, adopting adequate soil and crop management practices can improve growth and yield components and increase grain yield of upland rice.  相似文献   

20.
Nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers were applied at different levels to three hard winter wheat cultivars ranging in grain protein potential to elucidate their interaction and relationship to yield components. Plant N content was higher in the high‐protein cultivar than in the normal‐protein cultivars at jointing two years and at anthesis one year. Plant P content was higher in the semidwarf cultivars than in the tall cultivar and was unrelated to protein potential. All cultivars contained similar plant N and P levels at maturity. Nitrogen fertilization increased plant N content and decreased plant P content at all stages, whereas P fertilization usually increased plant P content but did not affect plant N content. Grain protein was correlated positively with plant N content at all stages and with plant P content at maturity. Grain yield was correlated positively with plant N content at anthesis but correlated negatively with plant P content at maturity. We concluded that high plant N content at anthesis is necessary for high grain yield and protein content regardless of the cultivars1 inherent protein potential and that plant P nutrition is more critical when N nutrition is altered by fertilization or by genetics.  相似文献   

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