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1.
With the demand for maize increasing, production has spread into more water limited regions. Couple this with increasing resource costs and environmental concerns and the need for efficient nutrient and water management practices has increased. The objective of this trial was to evaluate the effects of different nitrogen (N) fertilizer application methods and timings on maize grain yield, N use efficiency (NUE), and water use efficiency (WUE) under irrigated and rain-fed conditions. Four site-years of data were collected. Fertilizer treatments consisted of all N applied preplant, split surface applied, and split foliarly applied. Irrigation applied prior to and during reproductive growth increased grain yield, NUE, and WUE compared to rain-fed treatments for all site-years. Split surface applied N fertilizer applications typically increased NUE, but not always grain yield compared to preplant applications. The use of split foliar N fertilizer applications was only beneficial in the site-years when leaf burn was not as severe.  相似文献   

2.
通过田间试验对50个甘蓝型油菜基因型进行氮利用效率筛选,并将不同氮利用效率基因型在施氮（N 180 kg/hm2）和不施氮（N 0 kg/hm2）条件下的农艺性状和氮营养性状作了比较研究。结果表明,50个油菜基因型的氮利用效率具有显著差异,最大相差2.5倍（施氮）和1.7倍（不施氮）。油菜的农艺性状及氮素营养性状指标均表现出一定的基因型变异,其中第一个有效分枝高度变异系数最大,超过 50%,而籽粒含氮量的变异系数最小,只有 6% 左右。不论供氮水平高低,氮高效基因型的每角粒数,籽粒生物量,籽粒占地上部生物量的比例以及籽粒氮占地上部总氮的比例均高于氮低效基因型,第一个有效分枝高度则显著低于氮低效基因型。另外,油菜氮素利用效率与各器官含氮量、 茎叶氮素累积量、 果荚氮素累积量、 茎叶氮占地上部氮的比例和果荚氮占地上部氮的比例呈显著或极显著负相关,而不同氮效率基因型的地上部总生物量和地上部氮素累积总量则无显著差异。不同氮利用效率基因型的农艺性状和氮营养性状对氮肥的敏感性有显著差异。  相似文献   

3.
Little information is available on the response of grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] genotypes differing in nitrogen (N) use efficiency (NUE) (g DM g N‐1) to added N fertilizer. Such knowledge is important for reducing the reliance upon fertilizer N. A dryland field experiment was conducted in 1993 and 1994 at Mead, NE evaluating the agronomic responsiveness of 13 sorghum genotypes differing in NUE to three N rates (0, 50 and 100 kg N ha‐1) and also to determine physiological factors that contribute to improved NUE. The experiment was conducted on a fine montmorillonitic, mesic, Typic Argiudoll soil. Total N at maturity, dry matter, and grain yield were used to calculate NUE terms. Genotype differences were found for all measured variables both years, but no N rate by genotype effects were significant. Nitrogen fertilizer enhanced plant N contents and grain yield, but decreased NUE for total biomass and grain production. An early freeze in 1993 markedly reduced the later maturing genotype grain yields which, in turn, influenced NUE group comparisons. All genotypes in the study attained their full yield potential in 1994. The linear response to N rate of the N non‐responsive group was significantly less than the moderately responsive or N responsive group. High NUE sorghums had greater yields than low NUE types averaged over N levels only in 1994 since Naga White, a high NUE type, did not reach maturity in 1993. There was no difference in the linear response to N between these two groups. A linear increase in grain yield with increasing N rate was significantly greater for hybrids than lines. The results suggest that specific selection for high NUE sorghums will not diminish responsiveness to applied N.  相似文献   

4.
采用完全随机裂区试验设计，灌溉量作为主处理，施氮量作为副处理，在黑河流域新垦沙地农田进行了春小麦生产试验研究。结果表明，灌溉与施氮对春小麦产量、产量构成要素及水分利用效率产生显著性的影响。在各施氮处理下，春小麦产量、产量构成要素随灌溉量增加而增加，产量、单粒质量与粒数在0．6ET（ET为估算春小麦生育期耗水的灌溉量）处理分别比1．0ET处理下降21．98％、14．68％与9．10％。0．6ET的水分利用效率显著高于0．8ET和1．0ET，0．8ET与1．0ET两者相差不显著。在各灌溉处理中，施氮221kg／hm^2与其他施氮处理相比，其产量及产量构成要素最高，同时，各灌溉处理最佳经济施氮量相差不大（226．8～227．9kg／hm^2），小于最大产量的施氮量（277．4～305．1kg／hm^2）。研究表明，黑河流域新垦沙地农田以0．6ET灌溉与221kg／hm^2施氮组合可以获得相对高的产量与高水分利用效率。  相似文献   

5.
以我国北方12个冬小麦品种(系)和美国德州3个冬小麦品种(系)为材料,在甘肃陇东黄土高原旱作和拔节期有限补灌条件下,研究了不同基因型小麦之间产量、水分利用效率(WUE)和灌浆期穗下节可溶性糖含量的差异。结果表明:不论旱作还是有限补灌,不同基因型冬小麦之间产量、WUE、穗下节可溶性糖含量均存在明显差异,随着灌浆过程的进行穗下节可溶性糖含量呈先升高后降低的变化趋势,灌浆中后期达到最大。小麦穗下节可溶性糖含量在旱作条件下高于有限补灌。在2008年9月至2009年6月生育期降雨较常年减少1/3,属于严重干旱年份,小麦灌浆初期和中期穗下节可溶性糖含量与籽粒产量和水分利用效率无明显相关性,但到灌浆中后期和后期却达到显著相关;小麦拔节期补灌100mm水分后,不同基因型小麦表现出明显的水分补偿或超补偿效应,并且灌浆期穗下节可溶性糖含量与产量、WUE均呈显著正相关,并在灌浆中后期和后期达到极显著相关。因此,旱地冬小麦灌浆中后期和后期穗下节可溶性糖含量可作为筛选高效用水品种的参考指标之一。  相似文献   

6.
灌水次数对绿洲春玉米田氮素损失及水氮利用效率的影响   总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2  
该文研究灌水次数对绿洲农田氮素损失及水氮利用效率的影响。2015年在甘肃省武威市石羊河流域绿洲农田设置了5种灌溉施肥处理:分别为传统施肥(N_1)+传统灌水4次处理(I_1N_1),优化施肥(N_2)+优化灌水4~7次处理(分别为I_2N_2、I_3N_2、I_4N_2和I_5N_2)。应用农田水氮管理模型(soil water heat carbon and nitrogen simulator,WHCNS)模拟分析了不同灌水次数下的作物产量、水氮动态过程及水氮利用效率,最后应用综合指数法筛选了农田最佳的水肥管理方案。结果表明:模型模拟的土壤含水率、土壤硝态氮含量、作物产量和叶面积指数与实测值均吻合良好,一致性指数在0.74及以上。5个处理中I_3N_2处理的春玉米产量、水分和氮素利用效率均最高,分别为17 077 kg/hm~2、3.23 kg/m~3和40.1 kg/kg。I_1N_1处理的水分渗漏和硝态氮淋失量均最大,而I_5N_2处理的最小。在灌溉定额一定的条件下,随灌水次数增加,水分渗漏量逐渐减少,同时硝态氮淋洗和氨挥发也逐渐减少,而反硝化和作物吸氮量逐渐增加。综合指数法评价结果表明I_3N_2处理为该地区最佳的水肥管理方案。因此,在该地区适当增加灌水次数和减少单次灌水量,不仅可以维持作物产量不变,而且显著减少了水分渗漏和氮素淋洗,同时提高了水氮利用效率。结果可为荒漠绿洲地区制定合理的水肥管理措施提供指导。  相似文献   

7.
采用田间小区试验,监测夏玉米不同生长期土壤水分和硝态氮剖面含量变化,研究不同施氮量对其时空变化及籽粒产量、水肥利用效率的影响,探讨氮肥对水肥资源高效利用的调节作用。结果表明：不同施氮处理,土壤剖面水分和硝态氮随土壤深度的变化趋势基本一致,即表层50 cm土壤水分和硝态氮含量较高且呈降低态,50-110 cm相对较低且波动较小,灌浆期二者均达到最低值;各生长期表层50 cm土壤含水量呈不施氮处理均高于施氮处理,50-110 cm土层则相反;施氮能提高土壤硝态氮含量,土壤硝态氮运移受土壤水分状况和含量的影响,含量越高,向下移动越深;施氮能显著提高水分利用效率及籽粒产量,增产效果明显（增产28.52%-37.86%）,二者均以施氮240 kg/hm^2处理最高;随施氮量的增加籽粒产量及籽粒吸氮量和水分利用效率增幅均表现为先升高后降低之趋势,当施氮量超过240 kg/hm^2后,籽粒产量和水分利用效率提高并不显著;不施氮与施氮处理氮素生产力、氮肥利用率之间均存在极显著差异。在本试验条件下,从控制土壤硝态氮积累及取得较高的产量和氮素利用率综合考虑,夏玉米的适宜施氮量范围应控制在120-240 kg/hm^2较好。  相似文献   

8.
灌溉水盐度和施氮量对棉花产量和水氮利用的影响   总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3  
淡水资源不足和盐渍化是干旱半干旱地区农业生产的重要限制因素,因此提高水、 肥利用效率和作物产量,减少根区盐分积累和地下水污染风险是这些地区水分养分优化管理的重要目标。通过田间试验研究了滴灌条件下灌溉水盐度和施氮量对棉花产量和水、 氮利用率的影响。试验设置灌溉水盐度和施氮量两个因素,灌溉水盐度（电导率,EC）设3个水平,为0.35（淡水）、 4.61（微咸水）和 8.04（咸水）dS/m,分别用SF、 SM和SH表示;施氮（N）量设4个水平,为0、 240、 360和480 kg/hm2,分别以N0、 N1、 N2和N3表示。研究结果表明,棉花干物质重、 氮素吸收量和氮肥利用率受灌溉水盐度、 施氮量及二者交互作用的影响显著。咸水灌溉处理（SH）棉花干物质重、 氮素吸收量、 产量和氮肥表观利用率均显著降低,而微咸水灌溉（SM）对棉花氮素吸收量和氮肥表观利用率影响不大,但干物质重和产量有所降低。施氮肥可显著促进棉花生长,增加干物质重、 氮素吸收量和产量,但随着灌溉水盐度的增加,其促进效应明显受到抑制。微咸水和咸水灌溉会导致水分渗漏增加、 蒸散量降低,增施氮肥则可显著降低水分渗漏、 增加蒸散量。微咸水灌溉水分利用率最高,其次是淡水灌溉,咸水灌溉最低;增施氮肥则可显著提高水分利用率。因此滴灌条件下,高盐度的咸水不宜用于灌溉。而短期的微咸水灌溉不会对棉花产量和水、 氮利用率产生严重的负面影响;同时,合理的配施氮肥也有助于促进棉花生长,提高棉花产量和水分利用率。  相似文献   

9.
The wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plant type in major producing areas of the U.S. is changing rapidly from tall cultivars to high‐yielding semidwarf cultivars. Objectives of experiments were to determine if nitrogen and phosphorus nutritional requirements differ between traditional tall cultivars and modern semidwarf cultivars under dryland and irrigated conditions. ‘Larned’, a tall cultivar; ‘Newton’, a semidwarf cultivar; and ‘Plainsman V, a high‐protein semidwarf cultivar, were grown with all combinations of three nitrogen fertilizer levels (0, 84, and 168 kg N/ha) and two phosphorus fertilizer levels (0 and 90 kg P2O5/ha) at Colby, Kansas for two years. Three levels of irrigation—dryland, limited irrigation, and full irrigation—were applied. Grain yields were highest with 84 kg N/ha under dryland and with 168 kg N/ha under irrigation. Phosphorus increased grain yield under dryland conditions one year, but had no effect under irrigated conditions. Cultivar X nutrition interactions from differential yield responses to fertility levels occurred under the dryland and limited irrigation regimes one year. Grain protein content was increased by nitrogen fertilization under all regimes both years and was decreased only by phosphorus fertilization under dryland conditions one year. Cultivar X nitrogen interactions for grain protein occurred under all irrigation regimes. We concluded that nutrient requirements do not differ between tall and semi dwarf wheat culti‐vars under any irrigation regime. Raising the recommended level of nutrients, particularly nitrogen, should be considered for all cultivars, both tall and semidwarf.  相似文献   

10.
Farmers in dry areas of the Mediterranean region are reluctant to apply nitrogen (N) fertilizer to rainfed wheat because of frequent drought. So, it is desirable to select varieties with high nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). The objectives of this study, conducted in 2009/10 and 2010/11 in Syria, were to study the response of genotypes of durum wheat to low and high N applications and to evaluate the contribution of N uptake efficiency and utilization efficiency to NUE under rainfed and supplemental irrigation conditions. Under the rainfed regime, grain yield decreased significantly in year 1 and year 2 when applying N fertilizer at a high rate. The early maturing genotypes gave the highest average yields under rainfed and irrigated regimes. High N fertilizer rate decreased significantly NUE from 36.1 to 24.3 in year 1 and 37.0 to 5.8 in year 2. Under irrigation, NUE fell from 84.6 to 67.1 in year 1 and from 117.7 to 33.3 in year 2. The contribution of N uptake efficiency and utilization efficiency to NUE varied from one year to another. In year 1, the contribution of N utilization efficiency was more important at all nitrogen levels; while the opposite was observed in year 2 when more N was applied. The fractions of the genotype sum of squares, respectively, for N uptake efficiency and utilization efficiency were in average 0.15 and 0.78 in year 1 and 0.75 and 0.25 in year 2. From this study we conclude that high N levels in the soil exacerbate the effect of water stress on productivity and NUE of wheat. Early maturing new genotypes tend to be better adapted and to use nitrogen more efficiently under limited water conditions. N utilization efficiency contributes more to NUE under high N availability than N uptake efficiency and vice-versa.  相似文献   

11.
水氮互作对小麦土壤硝态氮运移及水、氮利用效率的影响   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  
为给强筋小麦(Triticum aeativum L.)高产优质栽培的水、氮合理运筹提供理论依据,在高产地力条件下,选用强筋小麦品种济麦20,设置不施氮（N0）、施氮180 kg/hm2 （N1）、240 kg/hm2 （N2）3个施氮水平,每个施氮水平下设置不灌水（W0）、底墒水+拔节水+开花水（W1）、底墒水+冬水+拔节水+开花水（W2）、底墒水+冬水+拔节水+开花水+灌浆水（W3）4个灌水处理,每次灌水量均为60 mm,研究了水氮互作对麦田耗水量、土壤硝态氮运移、氮素利用效率和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,（1）增加施氮量,开花期和成熟期0—140 cm各土层的土壤硝态氮含量显著升高;增加灌水时期,土壤硝态氮向深层的运移加剧,成熟期0—80 cm各土层的土壤硝态氮含量降低,120—140 cm土层的土壤硝态氮含量升高。N1W1处理在开花期0—60 cm土层的土壤硝态氮含量较高,成熟期土壤硝态氮向100—140 cm土层运移少,有利于植株对氮素的吸收。（2）随施氮量的增加,子粒产量先升高后降低,以N1最高。N1水平下,W1处理获得了较高的子粒产量、子粒氮素积累量、氮素利用效率、氮肥农学利用率和氮肥偏生产力;在此基础上增加冬水(W2),上述指标无显著变化;再增加灌浆水(W3),上述指标显著降低。（3）施氮提高了小麦对土壤水的利用能力,随施氮量增加,土壤供水量及其占总耗水量的比例显著升高。N1水平下,W1处理获得了最高的水分利用效率;再增加灌水时期,水分利用效率显著降低,开花至成熟阶段的耗水模系数显著升高,灌水量占总耗水量的比例升高,降水量和土壤供水量占总耗水量的比例降低。本试验条件下,施氮为180 kg/hm2,灌底墒水＋拔节水＋开花水3水的N1W1处理,是兼顾高产、高效的水氮运筹模式。  相似文献   

12.
不同水分状况下施氮对夏玉米水分利用效率的影响   总被引：10，自引：3，他引：10  
通过盆栽试验采用五因素五水平通用旋转组合设计(1/2实施)方案,研究了不同水分状况下氮肥的用量和施用时期对夏玉米水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,施氮对夏玉米水分利用效率的影响大于土壤含水量,但子粒产量和生物产量水分利用率(WUE子粒和WUE生物)对施氮时期的要求不尽相同,苗期和灌浆期施氮对WUE子粒的影响较显著,而苗期和拔节期施氮对WUE生物的影响则更显著。从单因素效应看,并非施氮量和土壤含水量越高越好。水氮高效配合的关键期是拔节期,且存在阈值反应,其阈值是N0.2g/kg,土壤含水量为21%。低于阈值水平,水氮交互作用不明显,高于阈值水平,水氮互作效应显著。  相似文献   

13.
Evaluation of any crop response to different nitrogen amounts is important for determining the amount that can be considered as optimum from economical and environmental point of view. This study was conducted to (1) evaluate the growth and yield of pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) under different nitrogen rates and (2) determine the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of pumpkin in two growing seasons (2013 and 2014). In both growing seasons, nitrogen fertilizer (at three rates including 50, 150, and 250 kg ha?1) was band-dressed on the planted side of each furrow, coinciding with 4–6 leaves stage and flowering. Crop performance over 2 years was evaluated by measuring shoot dry matter, crop growth rate (CGR), leaf area index (LAI), leaf area duration (LAD), intercepted PAR (PARi), radiation use efficiency (RUE), shoot nitrogen uptake, water use efficiency (WUE), NUE, and fruit and seed yield. The results showed that in both growing seasons, the highest growth and yield of pumpkin were obtained by applying 250 kg N ha?1 (using urea fertilizer containing 46% nitrogen). Increased nitrogen rate from 50 to 250 kg ha?1 resulted in 87.3%, 27.0%, 62.1%, 87.5%, and 84.5% increase in shoot dry weight, RUE, WUE, fruit yield, and seed yield of pumpkin, respectively, across both growing seasons. However, higher application nitrogen rate decreased the NUE of pumpkin, i.e., the NUE decreased by 62.5% when the nitrogen rate increased from 50 to 250 kg ha?1. The effect of nitrogen applied in 2014 growing season on growth and yield of pumpkin was higher than that in 2013 growing season, which might be due to more suitable weather condition. In conclusion, the nitrogen rate of 250 kg ha?1 produced the highest amount of fruit and seed yield in pumpkin.  相似文献   

14.
夏玉米污水灌溉时水分与氮素利用效率的研究   总被引：14，自引：4，他引：14       下载免费PDF全文
用田间实验研究污水灌溉条件下夏玉米水分与氮素的利用效率。试验设置了高、中、低3个不同灌水水平下的9个对比处理，结果表明：灌水量、灌溉水质、施肥量对夏玉米叶面积指数、株高和产量的影响很小；不同灌溉水量条件下，污水灌溉夏玉米的耗水规律与清水灌溉的耗水规律十分接近，且累积耗水量随灌溉水量的增大而增加；水分利用效率与灌溉水质和施肥无关，仅随灌溉水量的增加而减少。清水灌溉处理玉米的吸氮量高于污水灌溉处理玉米的吸氮量；氮的利用效率与灌水量和施肥无关，仅与灌溉水质有关，且污水灌溉氮的利用效率高于清水灌溉氮的利用效率。  相似文献   

15.
Abstract

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of two irrigation regimes (55 and 85% of soil available water depletion) and two nitrogen levels (0 and 112.5?kg ha?1) on yield as well as water and nitrogen use efficiencies of two millet cultivars (namely, Bastan and Pishahang) planted at two sowing dates during 2015 and 2016. Growth parameters and nitrogen use of the millet cultivars were found affected by drought, nitrogen level, and sowing date as well as their interactions. Nitrogen application was found to improve not only nitrogen uptake, chlorophyll content, and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) but also grain and biological yields; more positive effects were, however, observed under the control irrigation regime. Nevertheless, nitrogen uptake (NUpE), utilization (NUtE), and use (NUE) efficiencies decreased as a result of nitrogen application. The increases in grain yield (16 versus 7%) and IWUEg (17 versus 6%) due to nitrogen application were more pronounced in the drought-tolerant Bastan cultivar than in the drought-sensitive Pishahang. However, nitrogen application decreased NUpE in both cultivars. Although water stress increased soil N residual with all the sowing dates, the increase was greater with the early ones. The results of the experiment suggest that the application of higher nitrogen levels is not the proper strategy for compensating for the reduced yield under drought conditions. Rather, late sowing dates, due to the lower drought effects associated, might be the proper alternative for achieving higher yields as well as improved IWUE and NUE in areas plagued with water shortage.  相似文献   

16.
不同模拟雨量下微集水种植对农田水肥利用效率的影响   总被引：8，自引：4，他引：4  
为了探索微集水种植的增产机理及其适宜的雨量范围,通过大田模拟降雨试验,在2006－2007年研究了作物生长期间不同降雨量下微集水种植玉米对农田水肥利用效率的影响。结果表明,在230～440 mm雨量下,微集水种植玉米可提高其籽粒产量及水肥利用效率,2006年籽粒产量、农田水分利用效率（WUE）以及氮、磷和钾养分利用效率（NUEN、NUEP和NUEK）在230 mm雨量下较对照分别提高了75.4%、73.3%、56.0%、44.4%和106.8%,340 mm雨量下分别提高了36.7%、40.2%、22.8%、18.1%和35.5%,440 mm雨量下与平作相比差异不明显;2007年籽粒产量、WUE、NUEN、NUEP和NUEK在230 mm雨量下较对照分别提高了82.8%、77.4%、64.0%、52.2%和123.9%,340 mm雨量下分别提高了43.4%、43.1%、30.4%、21.8%和41.2%;440 mm雨量下籽粒产量、WUE和NUEN分别提高了11.2%、9.5%和10.1%。由此可知,在玉米全生育期降雨量230～440 mm范围内,通过微集水种植可以增加籽粒产量,提高农田水肥利用效率,尤其在雨量较低时,提高水肥利用效率及增产效果尤为明显。  相似文献   

17.
ABSTRACT

Crop management strategies that improve Nitrogen Use Efficiency (NUE) increase profits while reducing the detrimental effects on the environment associated with fertilizer nitrogen (N) loss. Effective N management should include several critical factors that are very interrelated. A study was conducted at the Panhandle Research and Extension Center, Goodwell, OK to evaluate the effects of multiple nitrogen management practices including N rate, source, time of application, methods of fertilizer and residue incorporation over a long period of time on grain yield, N uptake and NUE in irrigated corn. Fourteen treatments were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Results of data analyzed on the individual year and averages of all years showed that grain yield and N uptake were improved with N rates and N management practices compared to checks. Both N recovery and efficiency of use were high for the 118 kg N ha? 1 rate.  相似文献   

18.
氮素和水分处理对稻米植酸含量和蛋白组分的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
以直立密穗型粳稻品种秀水110和弯曲散穗型粳稻品种春江15为材料,对不同氮素水平处理和水分管理方式下稻米植酸含量和蛋白组分的影响及其互作效应进行了研究。结果表明,旱作栽培处理会导致水稻籽粒中植酸含量上升,而施氮处理对籽粒植酸含量的影响效应与水稻的水分管理方式有关,在常规水作条件下,高氮处理（N3）的籽粒植酸含量有所提高,但在旱作栽培方式下,中氮（N2）和低氮处理（N1,不施N）的籽粒植酸含量却略高于高氮处理（N3）,氮素水平与水分管理方式间的互作效应明显; 水稻籽粒植酸含量与粗蛋白总量、4种蛋白组分（清蛋白、球蛋白、醇溶蛋白和谷蛋白）及有关产量性状指标（有效穗数、每穗粒数、千粒重和结实率）在不同水肥处理间的相关性不显著,但氮肥用量过高不仅会导致水稻的产量水平下降,而且也不利于稻米营养品质的改良; 水肥处理对水稻籽粒植酸含量、蛋白总量和4种蛋白组分穗内粒位分布也存在一定影响,着生在稻穗下部的弱势粒,其稻米植酸含量高于稻穗上部或中部的强势粒,因此改善弱势粒灌浆的水肥管理措施将有利于稻米植酸含量的降低。  相似文献   

19.
采用田间试验在施氮量为06、0、120、1802、40、3003、60.kg/hm27个水平下研究了不同水稻子粒产量、产量构成因子以及氮素吸收和利用的差异。结果表明,水稻品种4007的子粒产量在各个施氮水平下显著高于品种ELIO对氮肥的响应度高。施氮水平显著影响子粒产量构成因子。有效穗数与子粒产量存在显著正相关:ELIO和4007的相关系数(r)分别为0.839**和0.933**,表明有效穗数对水稻子粒产量起着非常重要的作用。本试验条件下,ELIO和4007获得最高产量所需的有效穗数分别为332、561个/m2;两者的氮素吸收效率在各施氮素水平下差异很小,均随着施氮量的增加而增加,而氮素利用效率均随着施氮量的增加而下降。4007的氮素利用效率在各个施氮水平下显著高于ELIO,较高的氮素收获指数(NHI)是主要原因之一。水稻氮素利用效率与成熟期茎秆、叶片的氮含量显著负相关,说明开花期后植物将吸收的氮素从营养器官有效地转运到子粒中是氮素利用效率高的重要原因之一。  相似文献   

20.
适宜灌水施氮方式提高制种玉米产量及水氮利用效率   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3  
为通过不同灌水施氮方式调控干旱区作物收获指数提高资源利用效率,以制种玉米"金西北22号"为供试材料,进行了为期2 a的田间试验。试验采用灌水方式（交替灌水、固定灌水、均匀灌水）与施氮方式（交替施氮、固定施氮、均匀施氮）完全随机组合设计,测定生育期内作物耗水量（evapotranspiration,ET）和成熟期植株的生物量、籽粒产量及其构成（穗长、穗粗、行粒数和千粒质量等）和作物吸氮量,折算收获指数（harvest index,HI）、水分利用效率（water use efficiency,WUE）和氮利用效率（nitrogen use efficiency,NUE）。结果表明,灌水施氮方式只对行粒数有显著影响。ET只受灌水方式影响,交替灌水较其他灌水方式显著减小ET。WUE表现为：灌水方式相同时,交替施氮和均匀施氮大于固定施氮;施氮方式相同时,交替灌水>均匀灌水>固定灌水。玉米的吸氮量、HI和NUE与WUE表现出相似的规律。2013年交替灌水均匀施氮下制种玉米的HI、WUE和NUE最大,较均匀灌水均匀施氮分别增加5.46%、11.41%和19.73%。交替灌水交替施氮（水氮同区）的表现与交替灌水均匀施氮相似。2014年的结果与2013年一致。综上,交替隔沟灌溉均匀施氮和交替隔沟灌溉交替施氮（水氮同区）有利于提高制种玉米的产量和水氮利用效率。  相似文献   

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