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1.
长期不同施肥设施菜地土壤酶活性与微生物碳源利用特征比较 总被引：12，自引：4，他引：8
2.
氯甲基吡啶对滴灌棉田土壤微生物群落功能多样性的影响 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
已知硝化抑制剂氯甲基吡啶能有效抑制土壤硝化,减少氮的淋洗和硝化-反硝化损失,促进作物对氮素的吸收,但是其对干旱区滴灌条件下土壤微生物群落功能多样性的影响尚不明确。本试验研究了尿素添加氯甲基吡啶(Nitrapyrin)分次随水滴施对干旱区滴灌棉田土壤微生物碳代谢和群落功能多样性的影响。试验采用随机区组设计,设置不施氮肥[CK,0 kg(N)·hm~(-2)]、单施尿素[Urea,225 kg(N)·hm~(-2)]和尿素添加氯甲基吡啶[Urea+nitrapyrin,225 kg(N)·hm~(-2)+2.25 kg(nitrapyrin)·hm~(-2)]3个处理,重复4次,采用Biolog-ECO法进行土壤微生物碳代谢和功能多样性研究。结果表明:与不施氮肥(CK)相比,施用尿素和尿素添加氯甲基吡啶均能显著提高土壤微生物对31种碳源的代谢能力(AWCD)和代谢强度(S)(P0.05),增加土壤微生物多样性和丰富度(Shannon指数、Simpson指数、Mc Intosh指数和Richness指数)以及对各类碳源的利用能力。尿素添加氯甲基吡啶随水滴施后,土壤微生物AWCD值、碳代谢强度、Shannon指数、Simpson指数、Mc Intosh指数以及Richness指数均大于单施尿素处理,且较单施尿素处理分别提高13.83%、9.33%、1.29%、1.34%、11.26%、11.79%(P0.05),均匀度指数则低于单施尿素处理(P0.05)。PCA和聚类分析结果表明,施用尿素和尿素添加氯甲基吡啶对土壤微生物群落功能多样性均产生了显著影响,但尿素添加氯甲基吡啶与单施尿素处理差异不显著;氯甲基吡啶的添加提高了土壤微生物对聚合物、酚酸、羧酸、氨基酸以及胺类的利用,降低了对碳水化合物的利用(P0.05)。上述研究结果得出,在干旱区滴灌棉田,尿素添加氯甲基吡啶分次随水滴施可调控土壤的微生态环境,在一定程度上提高土壤微生物的代谢能力,增加微生物群落功能多样性,缓解因长期施用无机氮肥导致的土壤微生物活性的降低。 相似文献
3.
不同培肥模式对茶园土壤微生物活性和群落结构的影响 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
以闽东地区红黄壤茶园定位实验地为对象,通过测定6种不同施肥处理土壤微生物学特性,研究不同培肥对土壤微生物特性和生物化学过程的影响,阐明各指标间的相互关系.结果表明,除了单施无机肥处理外,半量化肥+半量有机肥、全量有机肥、全量化肥+豆科绿肥以及半量化肥+半量有机肥+豆科绿肥等的培肥方式均不同程度提高了土壤有机质,可培养微生物数量,微生物量碳、氮含量及土壤酶活性,尤以半量无机肥+半量有机肥+豆科牧草的培肥模式增幅更为明显,而单施无机肥不利于微生物的生长、酶活性的提高和维持生态系统的稳定性.微生物群落磷脂脂肪酸(PLFAs)标记主成分分析显示,各种不同施肥方式使微生物群落结构发生改变.相关分析表明,微生物量与可培养微生物数量、微生物磷脂脂肪酸含量之间的相关性明显高于微生物量与各种酶活性之间的相关性,说明微生物数量大小对微生物群落结构的影响大于对酶活性功能的影响.研究也表明土壤各微生物指标能从不同方面反映土壤肥力水平,所以采用各种不同的方法能更客观地评价闽东地区茶园红黄壤质量的优劣. 相似文献
4.
Meadowfoam (Limnanthes alba Hartw. ex Benth) seed meal (MSM), a by-product of meadowfoam oil extraction, has a secondary metabolite known as glucosinolate glucolimnanthin. MSM applied as a soil amendment has been reported to have herbicidal and fertilizer properties. Experiments were conducted over 28 days to evaluate short-term effects of a MSM application on soil microbial communities. MSM was applied to soil as either a full or a split application. In addition to MSM and untreated control treatments, urea was used as a N source to account for the fertilizer effect of the seed meal. Urea was applied either as a full or a split rate on the same schedule as MSM. Soil microbial activities were not different between the full and the split rate applications of MSM. After day 7 following MSM application, carbon-source utilization of microbial communities of MSM was different from the urea and control treatments. Microbial communities in MSM treatments utilized complex carbon sources to a relatively greater degree than microbial communities in urea or control treatments. The C and N inputs from MSM increased the gross metabolic activity of the mixed microbial population. Basal respiration was stimulated and microbes reallocated carbon input to biomass and enzyme production. Within 7 and 14 days after MSM application, the reallocation occurred quickly and microbial biomass increased by at least 80% for C and 95% for N compared to the untreated control. In the short-term, MSM treatments affected nutrient dynamics, and the soil microbial structure and function. The effects of MSM application on the composition of bacterial and fungal communities warrant additional study. 相似文献
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Saiyan Yuan Nan Zhang Xuefei Wu Yunfei Qian Xuan Chen Waseem Raza 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(6):607-615
Pruning is a regular management practice performed in tea fields, but its effects on soil properties and microbial community structures have not been well explored. Effects of tea pruned material, tea extracts, and tea polyphenols application on soil properties and microbial characteristics, including pH, soil enzyme activities, culturable microbial population, and bacterial community, were investigated in a pot-incubation experiment lasting for 10 weeks. Results indicated that returning of tea pruned material or its extracts significantly increased the soil pH as compared to control. The soil invertase and urease activities, as well as the culturable microbial population treated with pruned material were much higher than those in control, while polyphenol oxidase activity was similar among different treatments. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis of bacterial community indicated that the Shannon’s diversity index (H) of all nine treatments receiving additives slightly decreased as compared to control. Pruning returning specifically induced several beneficial bacterial species, including Brevibacterium sp. and Burkholderia sp. In conclusion, pruning returning alleviated soil acidification, induced soil enzyme activities, stimulated culturable microbial population, and reshaped the microbial community. This research suggests that this management could be applied as an alternative agricultural practice in tea cultivation. 相似文献
6.
不同土地利用方式下围垦海涂微生物群落和土壤酶特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用DGGE技术,从微生物多样性的角度,结合土壤酶活性研究不同农林利用方式对围垦海涂养分特征的影响。结果表明:未利用海涂盐分含量最高,而有机质和碱解氮含量最低;相比于蔬菜地和林地,棉花地和水稻田的有机质、碱解氮、过氧化氢酶和蛋白酶活性更高。四种利用方式土壤的脲酶和磷酸酶活性差异不显著。细菌是土壤中的主要种群,其数量与土壤有机质、碱解氮等养分特征呈显著正相关,表现为水稻田、棉花地>蔬菜地、林地>未利用。DGGE图谱分析结果显示未利用土壤shannon多样性指数最高为2.81,与水稻田、棉花地较为接近,其次为蔬菜地和林地,分别为2.52和2.38。围垦利用引起土壤中的Gaetbulibacter marinus与Gillisia mitskevichiae种属变化。围垦利用后土壤质量优于未利用海涂。相比而言,种植水稻对提高土壤肥力水平,维持土壤质量较为有利。 相似文献
7.
Soil microbial biomass and activities in a Japanese Andisol as affected by controlled release and application depth of urea 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This experiment was conducted in maize field plots to study the effects of controlled release and application depth of urea on soil microbial biomass and activities at two depths of surface soil of a Japanese Andisol from June to September, 2001. Three N amendment treatments and a Control were included in this experiment: deep application (8 cm) of controlled release urea; deep application (8 cm) of conventional urea; surface application of conventional urea; Control, without N application. Prior to this experiment, the field plots received the same N fertilizer treatments for two consecutive years under maize/barley rotation. Soil microbial biomass, dehydrogenase and nitrification activities exhibited great vertical and temporal variations during the maize growth season, and the microbial biomass was significantly correlated to soil water-filled pore space (p<0.01). N fertilization did not significantly affect the microbial biomass, but greatly increased the dehydrogenase and nitrification activities. The increase in the microbial activities following N fertilization was not attributed to the increase in microbial biomass but to the increase in intrinsic microbial activities. Controlled release urea was found to continuously affect the dehydrogenase activity over a shorter distance, while conventional urea could greatly increase the enzyme activity for a shorter period of time. Both controlled release and deep application of urea had potentials to reduce the nitrification activity and suggested that the nitrate production might be decreased in 0–10 cm surface soil. Deep application of urea increased aboveground N uptake by maize and then the recovery rate of N fertilizer, whereas controlled release of urea greatly increased grain yield and N uptake by grain. 相似文献
8.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(13-14):2152-2168
Slow‐release nitrogen (N) fertilizers are used to increase N‐use efficiency and extend N availability over a plant‐growing season. One formula of this fertilizer commonly used in turf and horticultural crops is methylene–urea–triazone. After this compound is applied in the soil, it is subject to bacterial degradation and becomes available for uptake by plants. The objective of this work is to elucidate the application of methylene–urea–triazone in the soil microbial population as well as effects on soil quality. Zea mays was planted in a silty loam soil. Urea and methylene–urea–triazone were incorporated into the soil. Two weeks and 6 weeks after inoculation, soil samples were collected and used to inoculate agar plates and for DNA extraction. Bacterial colony morphology was examined. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) was performed with the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplicons from the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of the rRNA gene cluster. The Shannon Wiener index was determined for colony morphology and DGGE bands. There was a difference between urea and the slow‐release fertilizer on both plant responses and bacterial diversity. Although for the first 2 weeks DGGE did not show any difference in bacterial diversity, after 6 weeks, differences in the composition of the bacterial community were observed. There were concomitant effects on plant growth and microorganism population and diversity, probably reflecting changes in the richness and in the eveness of the bacterial population in the rhizosphere caused by the fertilizers. Therefore, both soil microorganisms and plant growth respond to environmental changes over time. 相似文献
9.
长期施用化肥对塿土微生物多样性的影响 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
【目的】土壤微生物在土壤有机质分解、营养循环、植物生长等方面都发挥着重要作用,研究长期施用化肥对其产生的影响可为农田合理施用化肥、培肥土壤和高产高效可持续性农业生产提供理论依据。【方法】以陕西杨凌"国家黄土肥力与肥料效益监测基地"的长期定位试验为基础,利用BIOLOG分析并结合常规分析研究了6种长期不同化肥施用方式不施肥(CK)、单施氮肥(N)、氮钾配施(NK)、磷钾配施(PK)、氮磷配施(NP)和氮磷钾配施(NPK)对土土壤微生物量和微生物功能多样性的影响。【结果】与不施肥CK相比,长期单施氮肥(N)的SMBC、SMBN没有显著变化,但明显降低了土壤微生物商和土壤微生物对氮素的利用;NP和NPK配施能够显著增加土SMBC和SMBN含量,明显提高了土壤微生物商,使土壤微生物种群结构发生了明显变化但土壤微生物对氮素的利用没有显著提高;长期偏施肥处理(NK、PK)的SMBC、SMBN和微生物商虽轻微增加,但土壤微生物种群结构没有显著改变。BIOLOG分析结果显示施磷处理(PK、NP和NPK)对微生物代谢活性的促进作用较大且在培养初期代谢活性较不施磷处理(CK、N和NK)增加显著。长期单施氮肥(N)对于提高土壤微生物多样性没有显著作用而其他化肥施用处理可以提高土土壤微生物群落的碳源利用能力、物种的丰富度和优势度,其中NP和NPK处理配施效果最好。化肥施用对土土壤微生物群落的均匀度没有显著影响。主成分分析的结果表明不同处理的土壤微生物对碳源利用表现出显著差异,氮磷养分的差异是产生分异的主要原因。【结论】土区小麦玉米轮作下,平衡施肥(NP或NPK配施)对于改善农田土壤微生物特性具有良好作用。 相似文献
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为了探究腐熟羊粪有机肥与无机肥配施对洛阳烟区植烟土壤微生物群落结构和土壤肥力特性的影响，采用盆栽控制试验和高通量测序技术，研究了不施肥（CK）、100%无机氮肥（T0）、50%羊粪有机肥氮+50%无机氮肥（T50）和100%羊粪有机肥氮（T100）4个处理下植烟土壤细菌和真菌群落结构及多样性的差异，并结合土壤理化性质分析了土壤肥力指标与土壤微生物多样性的关系。结果表明：植烟土壤细菌优势菌门为变形菌门（Proteobacteria）、酸杆菌门（Acidobacteria）和放线菌门（Actinobacteria），土壤真菌优势菌门为子囊菌门（Ascomycota）和担子菌门（Basidiomycota）；T50处理的变形菌门、酸杆菌门和子囊菌门相对丰度最高，但放线菌门和担子菌门相对丰度最低；NMDS分析和相似性分析发现，T50处理的土壤微生物群落结构与其他处理差异显著；Alpha多样性分析也表明，T50处理土壤细菌和真菌群落的丰富度和多样性最高。不同处理土壤理化性质和土壤关键酶活性差异显著，以T50处理土壤养分含量和土壤碳氮代谢酶的活性最高；Pearson相关性分析显示，土壤碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量及蛋白酶和脲酶活性与植烟土壤微生物多样的关系最为密切。总之，采用腐熟羊粪有机肥和无机肥配施通过影响植烟土壤细菌和真菌群落结构和多样性，促进了土壤养分的释放和转化，有利于土壤养分的供应和土壤质量的提升，研究结果为洛阳烟区应用羊粪有机肥改良土壤提供了理论依据。 相似文献
11.
适宜的水氮处理提高稻基农田土壤酶活性和土壤微生物量碳氮 总被引：25，自引：8，他引：17
为探讨节水灌溉与氮肥施用对稻田土壤微生物特性的影响,该试验采用防雨棚池栽试验,研究2个灌溉模式（常规灌溉与控制灌溉）与3个水平施氮量（90、180和270 kg/hm2））对稻基农田土壤脲酶活性、土壤过氧化氢酶活性、土壤磷酸酶活性、土壤转化酶活性、土壤微生物量碳及土壤微生物量氮的影响。研究结果表明,随着施氮水平增加,土壤脲酶活性和土壤微生物量氮增加,土壤过氧化氢酶活性、土壤磷酸酶活性、土壤转化酶活性、土壤微生物量碳、土壤微生物量碳与土壤微生物量氮的比值、土壤微生物熵均呈先增加后降低趋势;与常规灌溉相比,控制灌溉显著提高稻基农田土壤脲酶活性、土壤过氧化氢酶活性、土壤磷酸酶活性、土壤转化酶活性、土壤中微生物量碳、土壤微生物量氮、土壤微生物熵,降低土壤微生物量碳与土壤微生物量氮的比值。在该试验条件下,以控制灌溉模式下施氮量180 kg/hm2可获得最优的生物环境,土壤脲酶活性、土壤过氧化氢酶活性、土壤磷酸酶活性、土壤转化酶活性、土壤中微生物量碳、土壤微生物量氮分别达到3.02×10-2 mg/g、0.93 mL/g、5.70 mg/g、10.08 mL/g、237.58 mg/kg、52.60 m/kg。该研究对认识稻基农田水氮耦合关系、指导江淮丘陵季节性干旱区水稻优质节水高产高效栽培实践提供理论依据。 相似文献
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生物有机肥对秦巴山区核桃园土壤微生物群落和酶活性的影响 总被引：9，自引：3，他引：6
采用大田试验,探讨生物有机肥对秦巴山区核桃园土壤微生物群落结构及其代谢、 酶活性和土壤理化性质的影响。结果表明,施入生物有机肥可改变土壤微生物群落结构,改变微生物对各大类碳源的利用,提高微生物碳源利用率、物种多样性和丰富度,常规施肥对土壤微生物群落结构影响不显著。生物有机肥可显著提高土壤蔗糖酶、酸性磷酸酶和脱氢酶活性,但对过氧化氢酶的影响不显著;常规施肥可提高土壤脲酶和脱氢酶活性,对其他酶活性没有显著影响。生物有机肥可显著提高土壤有机质, 全量氮、磷、钾和速效磷含量,提高土壤pH值,使土壤理化性质得到改善;常规施肥也可在一定程度上提高土壤养分含量,但其效果不如生物有机肥。 相似文献
13.
Urea, labelled with15N, was applied, at rates equivalent to 0–400 kg N ha?1, to mixed L + F horizon soil materials from a jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) forest. The L + F materials were held at 13°C and 33 kPa moisture in three experiments lasting from 6 to 128 days. In the first experiment the immobilization of fertilizer N was determined, in the second the stimulation of microbial activity was measured, and in the third urea reactions in a forest floor without microorganisms were examined. Urea stimulated microbial activity and microbial mineralization of soil N. Total amounts of N immobilized and recovered as organic N, after 128 days, increased with rate of application from 50 to 400 kg urea-N ha?1. The pH and C contents of water extracts of soil increased with increasing rates of urea application. Organic matter in a forest floor treated with urea was shown to solubilize after microbial activity was inhibited by gamma radiation, and this suggests that chemical C release was brought on by the urea. Results from this study were consistent with the hypothesis that microbial activity in urea-treated soil is stimulated by increased availability of C in soil. 相似文献
14.
鸡粪与化肥不同配比对杨树苗根际土壤酶和微生物量碳、氮变化的影响 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：11
为比较鸡粪有机肥与化肥以不同比例配施对杨树苗根际土壤环境的作用效果,通过盆栽试验,研究了N100（尿素提供100%的氮）、 M10N90（鸡粪和尿素分别提供10%和90%的氮)、 M30N70（鸡粪和尿素分别提供30%和70%的氮）和M50N50（鸡粪和尿素各提供50%的氮）等处理对一年生杨树苗根际土壤酶活性、 微生物量碳（SMBC）和微生物量氮（SMBN）的影响。结果表明, 同N100处理相比,M30N70处理的杨树苗根际土壤脲酶、 碱性磷酸酶、 过氧化氢酶和蔗糖酶活性分别提高14.41%~26.49%、 13.87%~27.93%、 12.07%~27.08%和29.17%~46.43%; 根际SMBC、 SMBN含量分别提高63.00%~76.62%、 40.01%~90.38%。在杨树苗的年生长过程中,根际土壤脲酶、 碱性磷酸酶、 过氧化氢酶和蔗糖酶活性均在施肥后120 d 最高; 而根际SMBC和SMBN含量分别在施肥后90 d和30 d达到最大值。随着杨树苗的生长发育,SMBN含量逐渐降低,而在落叶期有一定的回升。与M30N70处理相比,M10N90和M50N50处理对杨树苗根际土壤酶和微生物量碳、 氮的影响较小。综合分析认为,鸡粪有机肥与化肥以3∶7比例配施对杨树苗根际区域生态环境的改善效果最佳。 相似文献
15.
16.
不同土地利用方式土壤温室气体排放对碳氮添加的响应 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
揭示不同土地利用方式下土壤N2O产生机制及其CO2和CH4的排放,有助于土壤温室气体减排措施的制定。本研究以长沙金井河流域酸性红壤上菜地、稻田、茶园和林地土壤为研究对象,控制温度和土壤含水量,采用静态培养-气相色谱法,研究4种利用方式土壤N2O、CO2和CH4的排放对不同碳氮和硝化抑制剂添加的响应。结果表明,由于土壤pH较低,酸性红壤外加氮源后仅有较小的N2O排放。葡萄糖能够促进尿素添加后N2O的排放及土壤反硝化作用N2O的排放。异养硝化作用可能是酸性红壤N2O产生的主要途径。硝化抑制剂双氰胺（DCD）对酸性红壤N2O减排无明显效果。碳氮添加后土壤N2O的总排放量表现为茶园 > 菜地 > 稻田 > 林地。外源有机碳能够显著促进4种利用方式土壤CO2的排放,表现为茶园、稻田 > 菜地、林地。但除稻田土壤CH4排放增加外,菜地、茶园和林地土壤CH4排放对外源有机碳无明显响应。 相似文献
17.
为了探讨干热河谷地区不同土地利用类型下土壤酶活性和植物生长对氮磷添加的响应以及二者之间的联系,采集了元谋干热河谷6种不同土地利用类型土壤,包括灌丛、草地、森林、新开垦农田(新农)、常年耕作农田(常农)、侵蚀裸地(裸地),并利用盆栽探索了土壤酶活性和车轴草(Trifolium repens L.)生长对氮(N)、磷(P)、氮磷(N+P)处理的响应特征。结果表明:(1)植物生物量受土地利用类型和处理双重因素影响,两者的交互作用对植物生物量具有显著作用。(2)除农田土壤(新农和常农)外,其他土地利用类型的土壤上植物生长受到养分添加的显著影响,其中添加P处理的生物量显著高于对照; 而N+P处理又显著高于单一的P添加; 而新农和常农不同养分处理间植物生物量差异不显著。(3)土壤酶活性受土地利用类型显著影响,但是不同养分添加处理之间土壤酶活性差异不显著; 土壤酶活性与植物生物量无显著相关性。综上,干热河谷土壤中植物生长的限制养分主要为磷,然而土壤酶活性则不受氮磷养分的限制,其活性主要与土地利用类型有关。 相似文献
18.
油菜不同生长期稻田土壤无机氮形态及氮肥利用率对控释氮肥施用的响应 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
通过盆栽土培试验研究了尿素、控释氮肥对南方稻田冬油菜生长、产量、土壤肥效和氮肥利用效率的影响,为控释氮肥在油菜生产上的推广应用提供参考。试验选用油菜品种"湘油15",参考油菜大田种植施氮量,共设4个处理,以不施氮肥(CK)为对照,在施氮量均为200kg/hm^2的水平下,设置了3种氮肥处理:尿素(Urea)、控释氮肥1(CRNF1)和控释氮肥2(CRNF2)。对油菜生物量和产量、不同生育期下土壤无机氮、油菜氮素吸收、油菜生理特性、土壤微生物氮以及土壤酶活性等相关指标进行测定及分析。结果表明:较常规Urea处理相比,控释氮肥处理显著提高了油菜花期、收获期生物量,增产11.2%～20.1%;CRNF1处理显著提高了油菜花期、收获期土壤NO3--N含量,相比尿素处理分别提高43.2%和61.8%,CRNF2处理显著提高了油菜花期、收获期土壤NH4+-N含量,相比尿素处理分别提高18.7%和64.1%,保证了油菜生育后期土壤氮素供应;与Urea处理相比,控释氮肥显著提高了油菜薹期及生殖生长期油菜总氮吸收,最终氮肥利用率(NUE)提高23.1%～60.2%,氮肥农学利用率(NAE)提高19.1%～30.5%;CRNF1处理显著提高了油菜生长后期SPDA值和总叶绿素含量,相比尿素处理分别提高6.5%,10.1%;CRNF1处理极显著提高了油菜生长后期土壤微生物氮,较尿素处理提高142.5%;此外,控释氮肥显著提高了油菜生长后期土壤脲酶、FDA水解酶活性,相比尿素处理分别提高8.4%～12.9%,24.5%～32.4%。在总氮施用量不变的前提下,施用控释氮肥可提高油菜生殖生长期土壤有效氮含量,改善光合作用,增强土壤微生物量和微生物活性,促进氮素的吸收,提高氮肥的利用效率,进而增加油菜干物质累积,最终提高产量。 相似文献
19.
畜禽粪便作为有机肥还田可以维持和提高土壤有机质、改良土壤,有利于农业可持续发展。不同类型粪肥还田后对土壤生物学性状的影响不同,为探究这一问题,在内蒙古乌兰察布市设置田间试验,包括化肥(F)、羊粪(GM)、猪粪(PM)、牛粪(CM)4个处理,研究其对土壤养分、酶活性及微生物群落的影响。结果表明,施用粪肥较化肥具有增加土壤有机质、全氮、有效磷、铵态氮等养分含量的趋势。不同粪肥较化肥处理的土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、碱性磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶活性最高增幅分别为32.4%、150.4%、26.8%和30.1%。牛粪处理的土壤微生物生物量碳氮显著提高,分别较化肥增加33.2%和33.4%。不同处理在细菌门水平上的优势种群较一致,放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)、绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)是优势种群。本试验条件下,牛粪处理更能提高土壤微生物生物量碳氮,短期内施用不同粪肥对于提高土壤微生物群落多样性差异不显著,土壤pH、有效磷、铵态氮是影响土壤微生物群落结构的主要环境因子。 相似文献
20.
不同施肥处理对黄泥土微生物生物量碳氮和酶活性的影响 总被引：19，自引：4，他引：15
通过室内培育实验,研究了不同施肥处理对黄泥土微生物生物量C、N和脲酶、酸性磷酸酶、蔗糖酶活性的影响。培养过程中,单施化肥处理土壤微生物生物量C、N均呈下降趋势,施用有机肥处理的土壤微生物量C前期升高至一定水平后或保持稳定、或呈下降趋势,而微生物生物量N总体均呈下降趋势;不同施肥处理的脲酶活性呈前期上升后期下降趋势,而酸性磷酸酶和蔗糖酶则单施化肥处理呈上升趋势、配施有机肥处理呈下降趋势。与对照处理相比,单施化肥处理显著降低土壤微生物生物量C、N,高量施用化肥处理还显著降低土壤脲酶活性,但对酸性磷酸酶和蔗糖酶活性的影响并不明显。秸秆施用可显著提高土壤微生物生物量C、N和酶活性,特别是高量施用秸秆的效果更明显。施用猪粪由于同时带入了大量的活性养分,对土壤微生物生物量C、 N和酶活性的影响尚难评价。在高度集约农业利用下,继续保持较高的化肥施用量并不利于土壤生物质量的维护和提高,而秸秆直接还田才是保持土壤健康状态的有效措施。 相似文献