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1.
ABSTRACT

In the scheduling of nutrient supply programs, analysis of plant nutrient status has been found to be useful to prevent the deficiency or toxic effects of nutrients in any horticultural crop. So the present study was framed to assess the foliage nutrient content and vegetative growth under different irrigation and fertigation combination modules. Recently apple (Malus ×domestica) orchards in the state Himachal Pradesh of India have converted from the traditional royal delicious orchard at 6 × 6 m spacing with rainfed/basin irrigation to early spur varieties on dwarfing rootstock with drip irrigation, both with or without fertigation. An experimental field trial was started at the end of 2018 in a ‘Super Chief’/MM106 orchard at an experimental farm of the department of Soil Science & Water Management, Dr. YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (HP). A factorial experiment with 16 treatment combinations of 4 irrigation levels viz. I1 – drip irrigation at 100% ETc, I2 – drip irrigation at 80% ETc, I3 – drip irrigation at 60% ETc, I4 – conventional irrigation, and four fertigation levels viz. F0 – No fertilizer application (absolute control), F1 – 100% of AD (NPK), F2 – 75% of AD (NPK) and F3 – 50% of AD (NPK) were replicated thrice with 3 plants in each replication. Vegetative growth parameters and leaf nutrient contents were affected by both fertilization and water rate. Irrigation and nutrient levels and their interactions exhibited significant effect on leaf N (3.10%), P (0.28%), K (1.77%), and S (0.44%) contents. Significantly maximum contents were observed in the irrigation level I1 (DI at 100% ETc). Among fertigation level, F1 [100% AD (NPK)] recorded highest contents of leaf N (3.17%), P (0.29%), K (1.80%), S (0.46%). Interaction I1F1 registered maximum leaf N (3.36%), P (0.36%), K (1.92%) and S (0.63%).

With an increase in the water volume and an increasing dose of NPK, vegetative growth parameters, i.e., tree height, plant spread, tree volume, trunk girth, and annual extension growth were noted to increase proportionately. Treatment DI at 100% ETc (I1), increased the tree height by 9.41, plant spread (EW by 32.0, NS by 16.3), tree volume by 61.36, trunk girth by 8.05, and annual extension growth by 14.22% over conventional irrigation (I4). Drip fertigated trees with F1 [100% AD (NPK)] reported the highest growth parameters. The results of two years apple trial suggested a positive effect of fertigation on enhanced effectiveness of fertilization and improved foliage nutrient content and vegetative growth.  相似文献   

2.
Abstract

Efficient crop use of nitrogen (N) fertilizer is critical from economic and environmental viewpoints, especially under irrigated conditions. Nitrogen fertilizer (15N‐labeled urea) and irrigation methods (drip and furrow) were evaluated on spring and fall potato cultivars under Syrian Mediterranean climatic conditions. Field experiments were conducted in the El‐Ghab Valley near Hama in fall 2000 and spring 2001 on a heavy clay soil. Four N‐fertilizer applications (70, 140, 210, and 280 kg N/ha) were applied in five equally split treatments for both irrigation methods. Potato was irrigated when soil moisture in the specified active root depth reached 80% of the field capacity as indicated by the neutron probe.

Higher marketable tuber yield of spring potato was obtained by fertigation compared to furrow irrigation; the magnitude of tuber yield increases was 4, 2, 31, and 13%, whereas for fall potato the tuber yield increases were 13, 27, 20, and 35% for N fertilizer rates of 70, 140, 210, and 280 kg N/ha, respectively. Shoot dry matter and tuber yields at the bulking stage were not good parameters to estimate marketable tuber yield. The effect of N treatments on potato yield with furrow irrigation and fertigation was limited and not significant. Drip fertigation improved tuber yield of fall potato relative to national average yield. Nitrogen uptake increased with increasing N input under both irrigation methods. Reducing N input under both irrigation methods improved N recoveries. Increasing N input significantly increased total N content in plant tissues at the bulking stage. Spring potato yields were almost double those of fall potato under both irrigation methods and all N treatments.

Nitrate (NO3) movement in the soil solution for fall potato was monitored using soil solution extractors. Furrow irrigation resulted in greater movements of NO3‐N below the rooting zone than drip fertigation.

Harvest index did not follow a clear trend but tended to decrease upon increasing N fertilization rates beyond 140 kg N/ha under both irrigation methods. Drip fertigation improved field water‐use efficiencies at the bulking and harvest stages. Fertigation increased specific gravity of potato tubers relative to furrow irrigation. Higher N input decreased specific gravity of potato tubers under both irrigation methods.  相似文献   

3.
Abstract

A field experiment was conducted at Research Farm of ICAR-Directorate of Groundnut Research, Junagadh for consecutive three summer seasons of 2013, 2014, and 2015 with the objectives of identifying optimum plant density and nutrient doses under check basin irrigation and drip fertigation for higher productivity and net returns. The treatments were; three plant densities viz., 3,33,333 plants/ha (100% of recommended plant density; P1); 4,16,666 plants/ha (125% of recommended plant density; P2), and 4,99,999 plants/ha (150% of recommended plant density;P3) in main plots, and three nutrient doses viz., 18.75–37.5–22.5 NPK kg ha?1 (75% of recommended nutrient dose; F1), 25-50-30 NPK kg ha?1 (100% of recommended nutrient dose; F2), and 31.25–62.5–37.5 NPK kg ha?1 (125% of recommended nutrient dose; F3) in sub-plots, and replicated thrice. The same sets of treatments were tested under both check basin irrigation and drip fertigation. The data were analyzed using split plot design. Pod yield, haulm yield, and net returns were significantly higher with P3 as compared to P1 under check basin irrigation but only haulm yield was found significantly higher with P3 under drip fertigation. Under check basin irrigation, NH4–N, NO3–N, and available P and K in soil were found in the order P1?>?P2?>?P3 (p?<?0.05) while in case of drip fertigation, differences were significant only for available K which was significantly higher in P1 over both P2 and P3. Under check basin irrigation, F2 i.e., application of 100 percent of recommended nutrient doses, being at par with F3, significantly improved pod yield, haulm yield and net returns over that with F1 however, differences were not significant under drip fertigation. NH4–N, NO3–N and available P and K in soil under both the irrigation systems were in the order F3?>?F2?>?F1 (p?<?0.05).  相似文献   

4.
Fertigation offers vast potential for efficient use of water and nutrients in sustainable orchard management. Beside minimizing losses, their distribution within the rhizosphere is of utmost importance. In present investigations, most of feeder roots were observed within 30 cm soil depth. Under drip fertigation, wetting front extended horizontally up to 45 cm from emitter. However, the maximum moisture content remained confined within 30 cm distance. Vertically, soil moisture also remained higher in the 0–30 cm soil layers. Under surface irrigation, deeper soil layers registered higher moisture content. Available nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) under fertigation closely followed the moisture distribution pattern. Fertigation plus mulch resulted in 20% fertilizer and 15% water savings over fertigation without mulch. Beside 33% higher fruit yield and 25% water savings, and fertigation plus mulch resulted in 20 percent fertilizer and 40% water savings over surface irrigation.  相似文献   

5.
Crop productivity and nutrient use are mainly water restricted in semi-arid regions. This study was conducted to find out whether the onion seed crop productivity could be elevated through drip fertigation. The effects of irrigation and fertigation levels on yield, yield components, quality, and nutrient use of onion seed crop (Allium cepa L.) were investigated at Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Maharashtra, western India on a sandy clay loam soil. Irrigation water applied at evapotranspiration (ETc) levels at 80% (I1), 90% (I2), and 100% (I3), whereas drip fertigation levels at 60%, 80%, 100%, and 120% of recommended dose [120:60:60 nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium (NPK) kg/ha] were investigated. Three-year experiment results showed no significant differences in number of seed per umbel, seed yield per umbel per plant, seed and straw yield per hectare from the comparison between 100% ETc and 90% ETc. In fertigation, 120% and 100% levels gave significantly higher values of yield components and seed yield than the 80% and 60% levels. The quality parameters decreased with decrease in ETc, but increased with increase in fertigation levels. Fertilizer-use efficiency (FUE) was highest in 60% fertigation and then declined with the increase in fertigation levels. Irrigation at 100% ETc and fertigation at 120% resulted in higher nutrient use, but the difference with 90% ETc and 100% fertigation was non-significant. The 90% ETc and 100% fertigation dose (120:60:60 NPK kg/ha) appears a useful practice to increase onion seed productivity under the semi-arid climate of western India.  相似文献   

6.
Drought stress is an important factor limiting the yield potential of peanut. In order to determine the effect of different irrigation scenarios on peanut production, field experiments were conducted in 2011 and 2012 growing seasons using factorial design with three replicates. On the other hand, the crop simulation models can be useful to predict crop yields and to investigate the impact of drought stress on plant growth and development. In this study, the Cropping System Model–Crop Growth (CSM-CROPGRO)-Peanut model was employed for the simulation of seed yield, pod yield, biomass, soil water balance components and water productivity for peanut in Astaneh-Ashrafiyeh, Iran. Results showed that the model was able to reasonably simulate seed yield, pod yield and final biomass for different irrigation scenarios (RMSEn < 20%, R2 > 0.8 and d > 0.8). According to the results, irrigation depth and interval were important factors affecting yield and biomass. In general, model error increased as the amount of water applied decreased. The least amount of water applied (40 mm) resulted in yield reductions by 76%, 70% and 67% of the greatest amount of water applied (480 mm) for seed yield, pod yield and final biomass, respectively. For each irrigation interval, larger irrigation depth led to lower water productivity (WP) of irrigation (WPI), but higher WP based on evapotranspiration (WPET) and transpiration (WPT).The average amounts of WPI, WPET, WPT based on seed yield were 1.2, 0.63 and 1.01 kg m?3, respectively.  相似文献   

7.
ABSTRACT

There is a growing concern about excessive use of nitrogen (N) and water in agricultural system with unscientific management in Indian and developing countries of the world. Field experiments were conducted on the lateritic sandy loam soils of Kharagpur, West Bengal, India, during spring–summer (February-June) seasons for three years (2015–2017) to evaluate okra crop response under subsurface drip and conventional furrow irrigation with varying amount of nitrogen treatments. Irrigation treatments had three levels of soil water depletion from field capacity (i.e., 20%, 35%, and 50%) under subsurface drip system. There was no soil water depletion under conventional furrow irrigation system. There were four levels of nitrogen fertilizer treatments (i.e., 0, 80, 100, and 120 kg ha?1). This was supplied using urea as a nitrogenous fertilizer. The yield response of okra crop under subsurface drip was found to be 56.4% higher than that of the furrow irrigation treatment. Best yield response and maximum water use efficiency and nitrogen use efficiency were recorded under 20% soil water depletion with 100 kg ha?1 of nitrogen fertigation. Among the various soil moisture depletions, subsurface drip at 20% soil water depletion treatment responded least quantity of water lost through deep drainage and nitrogen loss beyond the root zone as compared to other irrigation treatments. The water loss through subsurface drainage was observed as 33.11 mm lesser under subsurface drip as compared to that of the furrow irrigation, and this may due to low-volume and frequent irrigation water application with subsurface drip. Hence, irrigation through subsurface drip should be used for improving water and nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency of okra crop cultivation.  相似文献   

8.
In the present study, the effect of buried straw (two levels; MS; buried straw layer and MN; no straw layer), nitrogen fertilizer (two levels: FH, 120 kg ha?1 and FL, 80 kg ha?1), and deficit drip irrigation with irrigation frequency of 2 days (two irrigation regimes: I50; 50% and I30; 30% of evapotranspiration) was investigated on a greenhouse-grown leafy cabbage for two consecutive seasons. The results indicated that in both the seasons, T5 (MNFHI50) gave higher yield when compared to all other treatments but it also utilized more water and fertilizer. On the other hand, with a 5–10% decrease in yield comparing to T5 (MNFHI50), T2 (MBSFLI50) and T4 (MSFLI30) saved 33% of fertilizer. T4 (MBSFLI30) also gave the highest water and fertilizer use efficiencies when compared to all other treatments. However, it was clearly noted that T4 (MSFLI30) treatment could save water and nitrogen without a significant decrease in fresh yield of Chinese cabbage. Hence, T4 (MsFLI30) is the recommended strategy to manage water and nitrogen fertilizer for getting optimal leafy cabbage plant growth and yield.  相似文献   

9.
Soil hydric availability and nitrogen fertilization are important environmental factors that influence sugarcane production. In the present study, the physiological attributes SPAD index, maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm), leaf area index (LAI), chlorophyll and carotenoid content, and sugarcane productivity were assessed under different nitrogen doses (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 kg N ha?1) applied in the form of urea via subsurface drip fertigation. The physiological attributes were determined 38, 121, 208, 291, and 381 days after the third harvest (DAH), and stalk and sugar productivity at 381 DAH. The 100 kg N ha?1 dose has produced better results for the sugarcane physiological attributes. Increasing doses of nitrogen applied via subsurface drip fertigation increased the productivity of stalks and sugar considerably.  相似文献   

10.
Different methods of fertilizer application-drip fertigation and conventional fertilizer application under drip, surface irrigation, and rainfed conditions were evaluated during 2009–2012 at Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Shimla, India. The experiment was arranged in randomized block design (RBD), replicated thrice. Results suggest that fertigation significantly increased growth parameters over conventional methods. Fruit yield was significantly higher under fertigation (13.7 t ha?1) over conventional fertilizer application with drip (11.6 t ha?1), surface irrigation (10.6 t ha?1), and under rainfed (8.6 t ha?1). Fruit quality parameters were also superior under fertigation. Fertigation maintained higher available nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) content in 0-30 cm soil layers. Available phosphorus (P) was higher in 0-20 cm soil depths in all the treatments. Fertigation with 80 and 100 percent recommended NPK dose registered statistically comparable results. In addition to higher productivity, fertigation resulted in 20 percent fertilizer savings over drip irrigation and 20 percent fertilizer besides 40 percent water savings over surface irrigation.  相似文献   

11.
[目的]确定核桃主产区塔里木盆地西北缘区滴灌条件下核桃水肥适宜用量,实现核桃园水肥高效利用,为当地密植核桃滴灌水肥投入量提供指导。[方法]以9 a生密植新温"185"核桃树为研究对象,设置3个灌水量(W_1:375 mm; W_2:435 mm; W_3:495 mm)和3个施肥量(F_1:2 250 kg/hm~2; F_2:4 500 kg/hm~2; F_3:9 000 kg/hm~2。其中尿素:磷酸一铵1∶1.25),在新疆阿克苏红旗坡农场新疆农业大学林果实验基地开展滴灌核桃大田试验,研究滴灌条件下水肥耦合对核桃产量、品质及水肥利用效率的影响,建立了水肥投入量与产量及灌溉水利用效率的二元回归模型。[结果]灌水和施肥对核桃硬核期、油脂转化期和成熟期土壤硝态氮、核桃产量、品质和水肥利用率的影响均达显著水平(p0.05);水肥耦合效应对核桃产量和水肥利用率有显著性影响(p0.05);硬核期和油脂转化期为核桃的需肥关键期;F_3处理施肥量造成了土壤硝态氮的累积;W_2和W_3处理对滴灌核桃品质、产量和肥料偏生产力的影响无显著性差异,均与W_1差异显著;施肥处理对核桃出仁率、产量和水肥利用效率的影响均达显著水平。[结论]新疆环塔盆地滴灌密植核桃全生育期适宜的水肥投入范围分别为438～469 mm(包含冬春灌)和7 074～7 168 kg/hm~2,其中尿素3 144～3 186 kg/hm~2,磷酸一铵3 930～3 982 kg/hm~2。  相似文献   

12.
The long-term control of fertilizer pollution in the Danjiangkou Reservoir is an important task, and promoting good fertilizer pollution control methods is necessary to conserve water quality. A 3-year experiment was conducted to evaluate the fertilizer losses, economic benefits, and feasibility of different nutrient and water management methods in the area. The experiment included the following treatments: (1) local recommended fertilizer dose (450, 144, and 189 kg ha?1 y?1 of N, P2O5, and K2O) under rain-fed conditions (CK); (2) chicken manure at 7500 kg ha–1 without drip irrigation (OF); (3) same dosage of treatment OF but with drip irrigation (OFD); and (4) drip fertigation with 30% of the fertilization dose of CK (DF). The results showed that organic fertilizer and drip fertigation treatments reduced total N (TN) and total P (TP) losses compared to CK due to considerably less amounts of N and P nutrient inputs. Total N runoff losses, and TN and TP concentrations in leaching water did not differ significantly among treatments OF, OFD, and DF. Net income among the CK, OF, and OFD treatments did not differ significantly. Treatment DF resulted in 19.5% and 13.8% more net income than CK and OFD, respectively. Such results provided guidance for promotion to maximize benefits and minimize environmental impacts.  相似文献   

13.
Efficient crop use of nitrogen (N) fertilizer is critical from economic and environmental viewpoints, especially under irrigated conditions. Cotton yield parameters, fiber quality, water‐ and N‐use efficiency responses to N, and irrigation methods in northern Syria were evaluated. Field trials were conducted for two growing seasons on a Chromoxerertic Rhodoxeralf. Treatments consisted of drip fertigation, furrow irrigation, and five different rates of N fertilizer (50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 kg N /ha). Cotton was irrigated when soil moisture in the specified active root depth was 80% of the field capacity as indicated by the neutron probe.

Seed cotton yield was higher than the national average (3,928 kg/ha) by at least 12% as compared to all treatments. Lint properties were not negatively affected by the irrigation method or N rates. Water savings under drip fertigation ranged between 25 and 50% of irrigation water relative to furrow irrigation. Crop water‐use efficiencies of the drip‐fertigated treatments were in most cases 100% higher than those of the corresponding furrow‐irrigated treatments. The highest water demand was during the fruit‐setting growth stage. It was also concluded that under drip fertigation, 100–150 N kg/ha was adequate and comparable with the highest N rates tested under furrow irrigation regarding lint yield, N uptake, and recovery. Based on cotton seed yield and weight of stems, the overall amount of N removed from the field for the drip‐fertigated treatments ranged between 101 and 118kg and 116 and 188 N/ha for 2001 and 2002, respectively. The N removal ranged between 94 and 113 and 111 and 144 kg N/ha for the furrow‐irrigated treatments for 2001 and 2002, respectively.  相似文献   

14.
Field studies were conducted during 2008–2009 and 2009–2010 at the Gangetic alluvial plains of West Bengal, India, to assess the different levels of drip fertigation at variable evaporation replenishment compared to surface irrigation and conventional soil fertilization on yield, water use efficiency, and nutrients availability in plant and ratoon crop of banana. The experiment was laid in an Augmented Factorial Complete Block Design with three replications having three drip irrigation schedules at 50%, 60%, and 70% of cumulative pan evaporation (CPE) and three drip fertigation schedules at 50%, 60%, and 80% of recommended nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) fertilizers with inclusion of conventional surface irrigation at 100% of IW/CPE. The results showed that fruit yield of plant and ratoon crop increased progressively with increasing levels of irrigation water (up to 60% CPE) and NPK fertigation through the drip system. However, maximum fruit yield and water use efficiency of crops was obtained with drip irrigation at 60% CPE with NPK fertigation at 80% of recommended dose. Drip irrigation, as a whole, registered higher fruit yields and water use efficiency with savings of 38.3–41.5% of water compared to surface irrigation. Availability of N, P, and K in soil at vegetative, shooting, and harvesting stages for plant and ratoon crop consistently increased with increasing rate of irrigation water and NPK fertigation through the drip system. Higher availability of macronutrients in soil was recorded with drip irrigation at 70% CPE with 80% of recommended drip NPK fertigation. Overall drip fertigation system improved the available plant nutrients in the soil as compared with traditional surface irrigation.  相似文献   

15.
A field experiment has been conducted to determine the effects of different irrigation water and AMF (Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi) biofertilizer, photosynthesis activator and traditional fertilizer dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) on yield and growth parameters in Nevsehir Province of Turkey in 2015. The experiment has been carried out using three replications in a split plot design with three different irrigation types as main plots and AMF biofertilizer (ERS), photosynthesis activator (Multigreen-Mg), traditional fertilization (TF-Control), ERS + Mg, ERS + TF and TF + Mg applied as subplots. The number of pods per plant, the length of pods, the number of grains per pod, the weight of grains per plant, the yield of grains, 1000 seed weight, the number of grains per plant, protein yield, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi rate have been evaluated as yield and growth criteria in the study. In the experiment, as well as the treatment x irrigation interaction, the plant height, pod number per plant, pod lenght, grain number per pod, grain weight per plant, grain yield, 1000 seed weight, grain number per plant, protein rate/grain, protein yield, root weight and AMF colonization parameters, were the other studied properties that were found to be significant. The results obtained were 877.6 mm for I100 irrigation treatment, 512.2 mm for I50 irrigation treatment and 40.19 mm water for I30 irrigation treatment. Regarding the growth parameters of dry bean, the highest PH was in ERS + Mg (67.66 cm), the lowest PH was in ERS (54.33 cm); In I50, the highest Plant Height (PH) was in ERS + Mg (65.66 cm), the lowest PH was in TF-Control (53.00 cm); and in I30, the highest PH was in TF-Control (50.66 cm), and the lowest PH was again in ERS + Mg (44.33 cm). For protein yield (PY) value, ERS + Mg, ERS + TF, TF + Mg have been placed in the same group, in I100 and I50 irrigation treatment. The highest value was ERS + TF (34.90 kg da?1) in I100, The lowest value was TF-control (19.90 kg da?1) in I30 irrigation treatment. In terms of mycorrhiza colonization ratio, ERS has been ranked first in all irrigation treatments, while the highest mycorrhiza colonization has been observed in I30 irrigation treatment (26.30%). ERS was followed by ERS + Mg (23.33%). As expected, the lowest mycorrhiza colonization ratio in all irrigation treatments have been observed in TF-control treatment, while the highest mycorrhiza colonization ratio has been respectively observed in I30 and I50 irrigation topics. The highest root weight (RW) in I100 irrigation treatment was observed in ERS (15.06 g plant?1) and it was observed in ERS (19.05 g plant?1; 26.30 g plant?1) in I50 and I30 irrigation treatments. The lowest RW in all irrigation treatments has been observed in TF + Mg (4.43 g plant?1, 6.40 g plant?1, 10.26 g plant?1), respectively.  相似文献   

16.
Studies were undertaken to investigate the effect of drip fertigation and conventional fertilizations with and without mulch on the productivity of apple. Soil moisture under fertigation remained greater in the upper 0–30 cm of soil, whereas under conventional surface irrigation, deeper layers registered greater values. Mulch application resulted in 2–4% greater moisture and raised the minimum but lowered the maximum soil temperatures, especially during later growth periods. Available nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) contents under fertigation closely followed the moisture distribution pattern. Irrespective of treatments, available phosphorus (P) remained confined within upper 0- to 20-cm soil depth. Fertigation resulted in 35% greater growth and yield over conventional fertilization with irrigations besides saving 25% in irrigation water. Joint use of fertigation and mulch resulted in comparable growth and yield as unmulched condition and saved 20% in fertilizers and 15% in irrigation water.  相似文献   

17.
施肥对浑水灌溉滴头堵塞的加速作用   总被引：2，自引：6，他引：2  
为探究水肥一体化灌溉过程中,施肥对滴头堵塞的影响,分别配置了4个施肥浓度(0,0.4,0.6和1.2 g/L),3种泥沙级配,进行浑水间歇灌水堵塞试验,并用场发射扫描电镜分析了堵塞物的结构与成分。结果表明:施肥对于迷宫滴头堵塞具有明显的加速作用,施肥浓度越大,加速堵塞效果越明显,当施肥1.2 g/L时,3种级配浑水的有效灌水次数比未施肥的对照处理分别下降了36.4%,77.8%和78.8%;当施肥0.4 g/L时,有效灌水次数分别下降9.1%、33.3%和14.3%,施肥浓度≤0.4 g/L时,加速滴头堵塞的效果较小。浑水中增加化肥增强了水体中泥沙颗粒间的絮凝作用,促进了稳定而致密团聚体的形成,这是施肥加速滴头堵塞的主要原因;施肥后堵塞物表面结构复杂程度增加,堆积体间隙减小,堵塞以完全堵塞为主。该试验结果为水肥一体化滴灌技术推广提供理论依据。  相似文献   

18.
The Mediterranean area has been experiencing an extensive development of intensive horticulture, with a majority of that located in arid and semi-arid regions with limited water resources and poor water quality. One of the most important greenhouse vegetable crops is melon. This article studies the effects of different nitrogen–potassium (N–K) fertilizers applications and two types of irrigation water on yield and nutritional behavior of melon crop Cucumis melo L. (var. cantalupensis Naud. Alpes). The trial was conducted during two cycles under Mediterranean greenhouse conditions, on sandy mulching soil. The experimental design was bifactorial: NK fertigation and water quality, with three nutrition levels and two water qualities [MS with electrical conductivity (EC) = 0.6 dS m?1 and HS with EC = 2.3 dS m?1]. During the first cycle, the fertigation levels were F1 (50% NK), F2 (100% NK), and F3 (125% NK). In the second cycle, the fertigation levels were F2, F4 (125% N and 150% K) and F5 (180% N and 220% K). Treatment F2 was the recommended total doses (220 kg N ha?1 and 355 kg K ha?1). The increase in the NK concentration of the nutritive solution produced a rise in commercial production. The salinity of irrigation water did not affect marketable yield but had an effect on the fruit size, which was compensated for by an increase in the amount of fruit produced. Dry-matter production, N, and K uptake by plant (g m?2) were evaluated in the first and second trials. Salinity and NK nutrition levels significantly affected (P < 0.05) dry matter and N and K uptake by melon plant. Nitrogen and K uptake present interesting correlations with production and with each other, as established by mean regression analysis.  相似文献   

19.
Banana is well known to be extremely demanding for water and nutrients, and supplemental application of these resources are prerequisites for higher yield. The study was undertaken to assess the effects of fertigation through drip on the growth, yield, quality, and economics of banana during 2007–2009. The experiment also aimed to find out a suitable method of planting for banana under drip irrigation system. Twelve treatments comprising two fertilizer sources, three fertilizer levels, and two planting systems were attempted. These treatments were compared with surface method of irrigation using conventional fertilizers applied as farmers practice. The results revealed that among the various treatments, 100% dose of water-soluble RDNPK and planting spacing of 1.5 × 1.5 m with drip fertigation recorded better values for growth characteristics. Banana fruit yield was significantly higher in normal planting (82.86 t/ha) than paired row planting (75.75 t/ha). The fruit yield increased significantly in water-soluble fertilizers (81.01 t/ha) as compared with “nitrogen (N)” fertigation (77.59 t/ha) and it also increased significantly with an increase in fertilizer levels (100% fertigation), but high costs of these fertilizers lowered the B:C ratio and net returns as compared with fertigation using conventional fertilizers. The drip irrigation gave 3–14.5% increase in banana fruit yield and 52% water saving over surface irrigation. The quality of banana fruits was not affected significantly due to any of the treatments.  相似文献   

20.
ABSTRACT

The present investigation was planned to determine the effect of deficit irrigation, mulching and poultry manure application on sorghum grain, forage yield and water-use efficiencies. Two field experiments were conducted during 2016 and 2017 growing seasons at Demo farm, Fayoum, Egypt. Eighteen treatments comprising of two rates of rice straw as soil mulching (SM; zero and 10 ton per hectare), three irrigation treatments (I100% = 100%, I85% = 85% and I70% = 70% of crop evapotranspiration (ETc) and three poultry manure (PM) levels (0, 24 and 36 ton per hectare) were studied under controlled surface irrigation system. Sorghum growth attributes (plant height, stem diameter, leave area), grain and forage yield, water-use efficiencies (G-WUE and F-WUE) were significantly (p < .05) affected by irrigation quantity and both soil mulch and poultry manure application. Poultry manure resulted in a significant decrease in soil bulk density, electrical conductivity (ECe), soil pH, hydraulic conductivity and total porosity, useful pores, and water holding pores were increased. The results showed that underwater scarcity, application of (I85 × PM36× SM10) treatment was found to be favorable to save 15% of the applied irrigation water as compared to I100, at the time produced the same sorghum yields.  相似文献   

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