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陕西精液加工中心是中国—加拿大奶牛综合育种项目的重要组成部分。该项目实施期为１９９３年至１９９８年，历时五年。项目主持单位为加拿大国际开发署和中国农业部国际合作司，项目执行单位为省农业厅，陕西精液加工中心实施单位为陕西省家畜改良站。五年中，在农业部、... 相似文献
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<正>奶牛提质增效内涵就是借助现代奶牛育种技术和国外成功经验,发挥优秀公牛的遗传潜力。利用奶牛产业转型升级的有利时机,加快奶牛从数量型向质量型转变的步伐,提升牛群整体遗传水平,实现奶牛生产的"高产、优质、长寿、高效"。影响奶牛效益的主要因素中,只有遗传育种是内因(40%),其它因素几乎全是外因(60%)。奶牛提质增效的理念就是要着力解决奶牛遗传育种对奶牛养殖效益影响的内在因素。对于陕西奶牛业而言,就是试图通过多 相似文献
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9月6日,在西安市草滩农场牧二队举办的"西安市奶牛人工授精技能大比武"胜利落幕。西安市是陕西省奶牛生产集中区,奶牛存栏量在全省名列前茅,奶牛育种工作一直走在全国奶牛育种单位先进行列。为了进一步提升西安市奶牛人工授精人员理论水平和实践能力,推进西安市奶牛改良工作又好又快发展,西安市农委委托西安市奶牛育种中心、西安市畜牧技术推广中心和国家奶牛技术体 相似文献
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Koichi Hagiya 《Animal Science Journal》2019,90(4):457-461
The procedure used for the genetic evaluation of dairy cattle in Japan has developed from a lactation sire–MGS model to a multiple‐lactation random regression test‐day animal model. Genetic evaluation of Holstein bulls in Japan began in 1989 with the use of field‐style progeny testing; dairy herd improvement program data from all over Japan were used, along with a sire and maternal grandsire model. In 1993, an animal model was introduced to estimate breeding values for yield and type traits. A random regression test‐day model was first applied in 2010. In the business of breeding dairy cattle, it is very important to users that estimated breeding values are reliable and stable among subsequent routine evaluations. With experience in the genetic evaluation of dairy cattle in Japan, Japanese researchers have found ways to improve the stability of estimated breeding values. These modifications involve changes in data editing, development of evaluation models, changes to the structures of unknown‐parent groups, awareness of the problems of predicting lactation yield from partial test‐day records, and adjustment for heterogeneity within herd variances. Here, I introduce developments in, and our experiences with, the genetic evaluation of yield traits of Holstein cattle in Japan. 相似文献
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Tobias O. Okeno Isaac S. Kosgey Alexander K. Kahi 《Tropical animal health and production》2010,42(6):1073-1079
Cost-benefit analysis using net present value (NPV) as the economic evaluation criterion was used to investigate the economic
merits of four breeding strategies used for genetic improvement of dairy cattle in Kenya. The breeding strategies were evaluated
over a 25-year period. The costs involved in setting up and running each strategy were obtained from large-scale dairy cattle
farms, and government and private institutions involved in genetic improvement of dairy cattle. Only benefits from genetic
improvement were considered. The impact on NPV due to changes in genetic and economic parameters was investigated. The ranking
of the breeding strategies greatly differed with genetic ranking. Among the local selection programs, a strategy utilizing
young bulls, sons of local bulls, was more profitable than one utilizing old progeny tested bulls. Continuous semen importation
was not an economically viable alternative. The strategy utilizing young bulls progeny of imported bulls (PIB) was only viable
if imports were from countries which are >2.00 SD in genetic merit above the local dairy cattle population. The ranking of
strategies was not sensitive to changes in genetic parameters but to economic parameters. The use of local semen from young
bulls progeny of local proven bulls is recommended. Alternatively, PIB can be utilized but the semen will have to be imported
from countries which are >2.00 SD above the local dairy cattle population or the cost of imported semen should be ≤ US$40
per straw. 相似文献
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Tobias O. Okeno Isaac S. Kosgey Alexander K. Kahi 《Tropical animal health and production》2010,42(6):1081-1086
Cost-benefit analysis using net present value (NPV) as the economic evaluation criterion was used to investigate the economic merits of four breeding strategies used for genetic improvement of dairy cattle in Kenya. The breeding strategies were evaluated over a 25-year period. The costs involved in setting up and running each strategy were obtained from large-scale dairy cattle farms, and government and private institutions involved in genetic improvement of dairy cattle. Only benefits from genetic improvement were considered. The impact on NPV due to changes in genetic and economic parameters was investigated. The ranking of the breeding strategies greatly differed with genetic ranking. Among the local selection programs, a strategy utilizing young bulls, sons of local bulls, was more profitable than one utilizing old progeny tested bulls. Continuous semen importation was not an economically viable alternative. The strategy utilizing young bulls progeny of imported bulls (PIB) was only viable if imports were from countries which are >2.00 SD in genetic merit above the local dairy cattle population. The ranking of strategies was not sensitive to changes in genetic parameters but to economic parameters. The use of local semen from young bulls progeny of local proven bulls is recommended. Alternatively, PIB can be utilized but the semen will have to be imported from countries which are >2.00 SD above the local dairy cattle population or the cost of imported semen should be?≤?US$40 per straw. 相似文献
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西北地区养牛业进展 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
我国西北地区包括陕、甘、青、宁、新五省区,总土地面积296.6万km2,占全国的30.9%,人口占7.23%.2003年末存栏黄牛1 333.9万头,奶牛253.0万头,分别占全国相应牛数的13.4%和28.3%;总产牛肉60.8万t,牛奶270.1万t,分别占全国产量的9.6%和15.5%;奶牛平均每头年产奶1 068 kg,为同期全国平均每头产奶量(1 955 kg)的54.6%,出栏牛产肉量平均每头120.3 kg,为全国平均每头出栏牛产肉量(134.0 kg)的89.9%.新疆是西北地区的牛肉、牛奶生产大区,产量分别占西北区总产量的47.3%和41.8%.甘肃、青海、新疆是我国传统牧区,可发展与其草原改良相适应的低成本养牛业.西北区养牛科技进步对养牛业发展起到推动作用,遗传改良、胚胎移植、黄牛选育、高产奶牛培育、饲草基地建设等都取得了显著进展. 相似文献
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The import of genetic material and the use of crossbreeding to improve the dairy merit of tropical cattle has been criticized for eroding the livestock genetic resources of the tropics. An alternative is genetic improvement of the indigenous cattle through selection. The objective of the present paper is to examine the feasibility of this alternative.Constraints to genetic improvement of tropical cattle through selection are discussed. Low reproductive rates and high calf mortality reduce the intensity of selection. The generation interval, which is long in cattle, is further prolonged by the late sexual maturity and the long calving intervals in most tropical breeds. The most serious constraint is, however, that the extensive milk recording schemes which support dairy cattle breeding programmes in many temperate countries are almost non-existent in the tropics. In this situation, the most realistic approach to improvement through selection is to start with a single nucleus herd (or a group of cooperating herds).Two alternative selection programmes (with and without progeny testing) for a closed herd of 500 cows are outlined. The alternative which assumed no progeny testing, i.e. selection of bulls on pedigree information only, gave the fastest genetic improvement (predicted at 36 kg/year).By distributing breeding bulls from the herd the genetic progress can be disseminated to the outside population with a time lag of about two generations. A nucleus herd can supply about 15 selected bulls per 100 cows in the herd per year, enough for a population of several thousand cows. 相似文献
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奶牛人工授精技术加速了奶牛品种改良进程,实现了将优秀种公牛精液跨区域、超时限的利用共享,极大地促进了养牛业的发展。以奶牛人工授精应用现状为出发点,介绍了人工授精技术的优点和不足,最后结合自身工作经验,从发情鉴定、适时配种、精液解冻、精液检测、输精、精液保存和妊娠检测等技术要点进行概述,以期更好地促进奶牛人工授精技术的应用。 相似文献
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为促进我国奶业更好更快地发展,应从根本上解决奶牛育种问题。本文以奶牛育种领域发明专利为研究对象,通过对国家知识产权局专利数据库提供的发明专利进行数据挖掘和可视化处理,完成了奶牛品种选育和遗传改良领域的专利申请趋势和专利布局概况,旨在探明国内外重要申请人的技术发展路线,同时为国内育种学家提供有价值的技术情报。 相似文献