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1.
Summary Four introductions ofSolanum berthaultii wild species and sevenS. tuberosumxS. berthaultii hybrids were evaluated by antibiosis and antixenosis laboratory tests with potato tuber moth. Some morphological and chemical
traits related to the trichomes were analysed. Two clones of the wild speciesS. sparsipilum and five ofS. pinnatisectum, characterised by high tuber resistance, were tested for leaf resistance, both by antibiosis and antixenosis assays. The
genotypes with high density of trichomes A and with high exudate PPO activity, showed a moderate negative effect on pupal
weight and fecundity in the antibiosis tests. Trichomes B exudate showed a strong repulsive effect on oviposition of adult
in the antixenosis tests. TheS. pinnatisectum clones revealed a good leaf resistance level, whereas theS. sparsipilum clones showed lower levels of antibiosis and antixenosis. 相似文献
2.
Summary Recent research, reviewed here, of the pheromone system of the potato tuberworm moth has led to the isolation, identification,
and synthesis of its components.trans-4,cis-7-tridecadien-l-ol acetate (PTM 1) andtrans-4,cis-7,cis-10-tridecatrien-l-ol acetate (PTM 2), mixtures of which are much more attractive in the field than 2 virgin female moths
or each compound on its own. 相似文献
3.
DUAN Can-xing ZHANG Shi-xian LEI Cai-lin CHENG Zhi-jun CHEN Qing ZHAI Hu-qu WAN Jian-min 《水稻科学》2008,15(1):36-42
One hundred and thirty-eight rice accessions were screened for resistance to the small brown planthopper (SBPH) (Laodelphax striatellus Fallén) by the modified seedbox screening test. Twenty-five rice accessions with different levels of resistance to SBPH were detected, accounting for 18.1% of the total accessions, which included 2 highly resistant, 9 resistant and 14 moderately resistant varieties. Compared with indica rice, japonica rice was more susceptible to SBPH. Antixenosis test, antibiosis test and correlation analysis were performed to elucidate the resistance mechanism. The resistant check Rathu Heenati (RHT), highly resistant varieties Mudgo and Kasalath, and resistant variety IR36 expressed strong antixenosis and antibiosis against SBPH, indicating the close relationship between resistance level and these two resistance mechanisms in the four rice varieties. Antibiosis was the dominant resistance pattern in the resistant varieties Daorenqiao and Yangmaogu due to their high antibiosis but low antixenosis. Dular, ASD7 and Milyang 23 had relatively strong antixenosis and antibiosis, indicating the two resistance mechanisms were significant in these three varieties. The resistant DV85 expressed relatively high level of antixenosis but low antibiosis, whereas Zhaiyeqing 8 and Guiyigu conferred only moderate antibiosis and antixenosis to SBPH, suggesting tolerance in these three varieties. Antibiosis and antixenosis governed the resistance to SBPH in the moderately resistant accession 9311. Antixenosis was the main resistance type in V20A. Tolerance was considered to be an important resistance mechanism in Minghui 63 and Yangjing 9538 due to their poor antibiosis and antixenosis resistance. The above accessions with strong antibiosis or antixenosis were the ideal materials for the resistance breeding. 相似文献
4.
Summary The narrow genetic base of the cultivated potato is a severe constraint for potato breeding. Wild tuber-bearing species constitute
an important source of genes for resistance to diseases and pests as well as abiotic factors. Seven interspecific hybrid populations
were generated from crosses between diploidTuberosum clones and four wild species:Solanum berthaultii, S. gourlayi, S. tarijense andS. vernei, and evaluated in a field experiment in Burgos (Spain) as a way to broaden the genetic base of the cultivated potato. Good
tuberization ability and great variability for yield within the different families were detected. Hybridization with the wild
species resulted in high levels of PVY resistance inS. berthaultii andS. vernei hybrids and a large increase of dry matter content in all populations except theS. berthaultii hybrids. 相似文献
5.
水稻种质资源抗灰飞虱评价及抗性机制分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过改进的苗期集团筛选法,对138份水稻种质进行了抗灰飞虱鉴定与评价。筛选出对灰飞虱具有不同程度抗性的材料25份,占总鉴定材料的181%,其中高抗种质2份,抗性种质9份,中抗材料14份,粳稻品种明显比籼稻感虫。对部分材料进行的排驱性、抗生性试验及相关分析表明,Rathu Heenati(RHT)、Mudgo、Kasalath和IR36对灰飞虱具有强的排驱性和抗生性,其抗性水平与这两种抗虫机制密切相关;道人桥、羊毛谷的抗生性强,但排驱性弱,其主要抗虫机制表现为抗生性;Dular、ASD7和密阳23对灰飞虱具有较强的排驱性和抗生性,表明排驱性和抗生性是这3个品种的重要抗性类型;DV85具有较强的排驱性,但抗生性较弱,窄叶青8号和鬼衣谷具有中等水平的抗生性和排驱性,推测这3个材料具有较好的耐害特性。中抗材料9311的抗性水平由中等排驱性和抗生性控制,V20A的抗性主要表现为排驱性,明恢63和扬粳9538的排驱性和抗生性均较弱,暗示其抗性机制主要是耐害性。上述具有强抗生性或排驱性的材料是理想的抗灰飞虱资源。 相似文献
6.
Spotted stemborer, Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), is the most important pest of sorghum in Asia and south and eastern Africa. Host plant resistance is an important control tactic for controlling this pest. Two breeding lines 27B × PB 15881-3 and 463B × PB 15881-3 with their parents, resistant and susceptible genotypes were evaluated in the field, glasshouse and laboratory for different resistance parameters. Breeding lines and genotypes varied significantly in foliar damage ratings, percentage of stem length tunneled, percentage of plants with deadhearts, larval survival, larval and pupal weights, larval and pupal duration, and percentage pupation and adult emergence in diets amended with leaf powder of different sorghum genotypes. The breeding lines 27B × PB 15881-3 and 463B × PB 15881-3 showed antixenosis and antibiosis to C. partellus in terms of reduced eggs per plant, larval survival and development. The levels of antixenosis and antibiosis of both breeding lines were similar to their resistant parents. Results indicate that transmission of characteristics responsible for resistance to the progeny from the resistant parent occurred. 相似文献
7.
DUAN Can-xing ZHANG Shi-xian LEI Cai-lin CHENG Zhi-jun CHEN Qing ZHAI Hu-qu WAN Jian-min 《水稻科学》2008,15(1)
One hundred and thirty-eight rice accessions were screened for resistance to the small brown planthopper(SBPH)resistance to SBPH were detected,accounting for 18.1%of the total accessions,which included 2 highly resistant,9 resistant and 14 moderately resistant varieties.Compared with indica rice,japonica rice was more susceptible to SBPH.Antixenosis test,antibiosis test and correlation analysis were performed to elucidate the resistance mechanism.The resistant check Rathu Heenati(RHT),highly resistant varieties Mudgo and Kasalath,and resistant variety IR36 expressed strong antixenosis and antibiosis against SBPH,indicating the close relationship between resistance level and these two resistance mechanisms in the four rice varieties.Antibiosis was the dominant resistance pattern in the resistant varieties Daorenqiao and Yangmaogu due to their high antibiosis but low antixenosis.Dular,ASD7 and Milyang 23 had relatively strong antixenosis and antibiosis,indicating the two resistance mechanisms were significant in these three varieties.The resistant DV85 expressed relatively high level of antixenosis but low antibiosis,whereas Zhaiyeqing 8 and Guiyigu conferred only moderate antibiosis and antixenosis to SBPH,suggesting tolerance in these three varieties.Antibiosis and antixenosis governed the resistance to SBPH in the moderately resistant accession 9311.Antixenosis was the main resistance type in V20A.Tolerance was considered to be an important resistance mechanism in Minghui 63 and Yangjing 9538 due to their poor antibiosis and antixenosis resistance.The above accessions with strong antibiosis or antixenosis were the ideal materials for the resistance breeding. 相似文献
8.
9.
David M. Spooner Roel Hoekstra Ronald G. Van den Berg Vincente Martínez 《American Journal of Potato Research》1998,75(1):3-17
There are five wild potato species in Guatemala:Solanum agrimonifolium,S. bulbocastanum,S. clarum,S. demissum, andS. morelliforme. We conducted a collecting expedition there from September 11 to November 5, 1995. The goals of the expedition were to gather field data for taxonomic studies of the five species of Guatemalan wild potatoes and to collect potato germplasm. Our 43 true seed collections nearly quadruple the available wild potato germplasm for Guatemala, provide germplasm from most previously known localities, and add new ones. We provide a systematic treatment of Guatemalan wild potatoes, geographic and logistical data for collecting wild potatoes in Guatemala, statistics on human population growth and deforestation to help explain decline of wild potato populations, recommend areas for future collecting, and suggest two areas as in-situ reserves for wild potatoes 相似文献
10.
J. A. de Bokx 《Potato Research》1972,15(1):67-70
Summary An experiment withEersteling (originally freed by meristem culture from PVX and PVS) andAlpha plants has been carried out in the field to study the spread of potato virus S. It was shown that depending on virus isolate,
in a crop containing approximately 10% of plants with secondary infection, the primary infection inEersteling could rise to 56–76%, whereas that percentage inAlpha plants rose to 2–28 only. From the pattern of infected plants in was concluded that under field conditions in the Netherlands
potato virus S is probably transmitted by contact. 相似文献
11.
A. Hanafi 《Potato Research》1999,42(2):373-380
Summary The potato tuber moth (PTM),Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller), is one of the most damaging pests of potatoes in field and storage. Tuber moth is active throughout the year in
North Africa but is most active from late April to early August. Many cultural practices that are used by farmers to improve
the yield and quality of potato can also limit the development of the potato tuber moth and minimise damage to tubers. As
the farmers gain more experience with both agronomic practices and chemical insecticides, they are likely to rely more heavily
on cultural practices and less on insecticides to manage PTM. Measures which could keep PTM damages in rustic and diffuse
light stores to a minimum are discussed. Ideally, there is need to integrate pest management in potato fields and stores.
PTM control in stores was found to be more effective if infestation in fields was kept to a minimum. Low infestation at harvest
and rapid handling of the potatoes going into store established good initial storage conditions and decreased the likelihood
of post-harvest losses. Biological insecticides in particular were more effective in preventing losses by insects in stores
in cases where the initial level of infestation was relatively low. 相似文献
12.
Summary For several years the aphid population patterns and the incidence of the main potato virus diseases have been monitored in
Italian potato-growing areas. Starting from 1992, an increase inAphis gossypii, as compared toMyzus persicae, Macrosiphum euphorbiae andAphis fabae, was observed on seed potato fields in the north of Italy.
Laboratory tests revealed thatA. gossypii was insensitive to the pesticide pirimicarb, even at the maximum dose tested (2400 μg/ml). Moreover, in the presence of pirimicarb
the reproductive capacity increased up to 30% as compared with the control, and the new-born aphids began to appear 2 days
earlier in the treated group. By contrast,M. persicae was controlled at a lower dose (300 μg/ml). Lambda-cyhalothrin and imidacloprid were very effective against both aphids. 相似文献
13.
Summary A study was carried out on eightF. oxysporum f.sp.tuberosi isolates from northern Italy. Six were from rotten tubers and two were from weak, but not wilted plants from seed-growing
areas. Greenhouse and laboratory tests were done to assess the pathogenicity and potential spread of the fungus within the
plant. All isolates caused dry rot on inoculated tubers. They were also able to infect vascular tissues through roots and
leaves, but none caused wilt, stemend rot or other symptoms.F. oxysporum is often not visible in the field, but its propagules can increase under favourable conditions. It may therefore become a
potential danger during potato storage. 相似文献
14.
Summary
Nicotiana debneyi Domin. proved a reliable test plant for potato viruses S, X, and Y. Test plants with several leaves 6 cm long, were dusted
with carborundum and rubbed with potato leaf sap, or with raw surfaces of cut tubers. The plants were then held at 20°C under
approximately 250 ft cd light intensity on a 16–18 h photoperiod. Each of the 3 viruses, or X and Y combined, could be distinguished,
but symptoms of S were obscured by those of X or Y.
At two elite seed farms, virus S spread into virus-free stocks of the varietyNetted Gem. but little intoKatahdin. In greenhouse tests, 3 older varieties,Green Mountain, Irish Cobbler andNetted Gem, as a group, were more susceptible to PVS, when inoculated with infective sap, than the newer varieties,Katahdin, Kennebec andSebago. 相似文献
15.
Summary Survival of the pathogen causing silver scurf of potato (Helminthosporium solani) in Alberta soils was studied by evaluatingH. solani infection in the progeny ofH. solani-free nuclear seed potato tubers planted in fields where potatoes had never been grown or were grown 1, 2, 3, or 4 years previously.
Daughter tubers from all the fields developed silver scurf lesions, andH. solani was isolated from infected tubers. This is the first report of survival ofH. solani in Alberta soils. Soil-borne inoculum appears to have a role in the epidemiology of the disease and in the introduction of
the pathogen into silver scurf-free potato seed stock. Of 31 plant species tested, only potato was found to be a host ofH. solani. Most of theH. solani isolates from north central Alberta were more sensitive to thiabendazole than those from southern Alberta, where thiabendazole
is much more commonly used. 相似文献
16.
C. Ochoa 《American Journal of Potato Research》1982,59(6):263-266
Before 1960 knowledge of the wild potato species from Ecuador was very limited. We knew only three tuber bearing species:Solanum paucijugum Bitt.,S. pichinchense Bitt. et Sodiro andS. solisii Hawkes. However, during the last two decades information has increased greatly with the researches of Donovan S. Correll and the writer. So, to the aforementioned species we must addS. albornozii, S. cyanophyllum, S. regularifolium, S. suffrutescens andS. minutifoliolum found by Correll;S. calacalinum, S. correlli andS. tundalomense discovered by me. With this opportunity, I present another new wild potato species from Ecuador,Solarium burtonii, named in honor of Prof. Dr. W. Glynn Burton as a recognition to his outstanding contributions in the field of potato physiology. 相似文献
17.
不同类型水稻品种对白背飞虱忌避性、抗生性和耐害性的测定 总被引：11，自引：1，他引：10
研究了19个不同类型的水稻品种对白背飞虱的忌避性、抗生性和耐害性的测定。4个粳稻品种(91-17、丙90-98、丙850和丙93-63对成虫表现出较强的忌避性,丙93-63对白背飞虱产卵具有明显的忌避性。协优9308和春江06对白背飞虱的抗生性最强,协优413对白背飞虱具有一定的抗性。 相似文献
18.
Summary Two species of wild potato,S. brevidens andS. fernandezianum, were surveyed for six potato-infecting viruses in their natural habitats in the Puerto Montt Region and Robinson Crusoe
Island of Chile, respectively. Potato viruses S (PVS), M (PVM) and X (PVX) and potato yellowing virus (PYV) were found in
some clones of the Chilean Potato Germplasm Collection, whereas only one population ofS. brevidens out of six was virus-infected, namely by PVS. The cultivated potatoes on Robinson Crusoe Island were infected by PVS, PVM
and PVX and infested byAulacorthum solani andMyzus persicae, whereasS. fernandezianum was infected by PYV and infested byA. circumflexum, A. solani andAphis spp. 相似文献
19.
Summary
Macrosiphum euphorbiae, collected in the field from potato plants infected with potato leafroll virus (PLRV), transmitted the virus to fewer potato
plants in a field trial than did laboratory-rearedMyzus persicae. In the laboratory,M. persicae was the only efficient vector of PLRV fromPhysalis floridana seedlings, potato sprouts or excised leaves toP. floridana. Two clones ofM. euphorbiae and one clone ofAulacorthum solani transmitted PLRV from infected potato plants toNicotiana clevelandii as effeciently asM. persicae but a clone ofAphis gossypii was an inefficient PLRV vector. An isolate of PLRV, whichM. persicae transmitted inefficiently from potato toN. clevelandii, was also transmitted inefficiently byM. euphorbiae andA. solani. 相似文献
20.
Summary Soluble proteins in seed potato were analyzed by electrophoresis (PAGE). The Index of Variation (IV) was calculated in order
to estimate variation within each accession of wild and cultivated potato species andS. chacoense selfed lines. Seeds of 34 accessions representing 14 species from six taxonomic series were analyzed.
The IV ofS. chacoense selfed lines decreased from 47.7 in the S2 to 12.9 in the S7 generation. The average IV for the self-incompatible diploid species was 41.2, whereas that of the selfcompatible diploid
species,S. polyadenium, was 21.3. TetraploidS. tuberosum ssp.andigena andS. sucrense had an average IV of 62.2, which is much higher than that observed in any other diploid species. The naturally selfing speciesS. acaule (4x), and its colchicine-doubled derivative (8x), showed very low variation (IV=7.5). The IV appears to reflect heterozygosity
and is affected by the breeding mode and the genetic constitution of diploid parents for derived polyploids. 相似文献