共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
以二氧化硅为模板,采用牺牲模板法制备具有介孔结构的碱式硅酸钴空心球.采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM),透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、氮气吸脱附曲线(BET)和程序升温还原(TPR)等方法,对样品的结构和形貌作了表征.探索了碱式硅酸钴空心球的还原规律,研究了Co/SiO2作催化剂的催化性能.结果表明,180℃下反应1 h时,碱式硅酸钴即为空心球结构;在800℃氢气气氛中反应5 h,碱式硅酸钴完全被还原为Co/SiO2,还原前后仍为空心球结构,比表面积和孔容均有所减小,孔径增大.以Co/SiO2空心球做催化剂进行硝基苯加氢催化,1 h后硝基苯的转化率为56%,比商用Raney Ni提高约14%. 相似文献
2.
Scanning electron micrographs demonstrate the presence of microcrystalline structures on the surface of coal-derived fly ash samples taken from electrostatic precipitator hoppers. Cenospheres (hollow spheres) were found to be packed with smaller cenospheres, which were also packed with spheres. Microspheres, apparently formed by uneven heating, are encapsulated in the parent sphere. Chemical analyses provide a basis for the postulation of a mechanism of formation for plerospheres (hollow spheres packed with spheres) and microcrystals. 相似文献
3.
Ordered mesostructured porous silicas that are also macroscopically structured were created by control of the interface on two different length scales simultaneously. Micellar arrays controlled the nanometer-scale assembly, and at the static boundary between an aqueous phase and an organic phase, control was achieved on the micrometer to centimeter scale. Acid-prepared mesostructures of silica were made with the p6, Pm3n, and the P63/mmc structures in the form of porous fibers 50 to 1000 micrometers in length, hollow spheres with diameters of 1 to 100 micrometers, and thin sheets up to 10 centimeters in diameter and about 10 to 500 micrometers in thickness. These results might have implications for technical applications, such as slow drug-release systems or membranes, and in biomineralization, where many processes are also interface-controlled. 相似文献
4.
分别采用沉淀法、碱腐蚀法、模板法等3种不同的实验方法制备了不同形貌的氧化锌掺杂稀土元素纳米粉末，对所得到的样品进行了上转换光学性质分析.用X射线衍射仪对样品进行了结构分析，用扫描电子显微镜观察了粉末形貌并估算颗粒大小，用荧光光谱仪测试样品的上转换发光光谱并进行了机理分析.结果表明，纳米粉末粒径的大小影响了材料发光的性能.粒径较小的空心球结构颗粒其光学性能优于粒径较大的实心球颗粒. 对于空心球结构，当粒径相对较小时，有利于红光上转换发射；而粒径较大时，有利于增强绿光上转换发射. 相似文献
5.
Pham KN Puertas AM Bergenholtz J Egelhaaf SU Moussaïd A Pusey PN Schofield AB Cates ME Fuchs M Poon WC 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2002,296(5565):104-106
Experiments, theory, and simulation were used to study glass formation in a simple model system composed of hard spheres with short-range attraction ("sticky hard spheres"). The experiments, using well-characterized colloids, revealed a reentrant glass transition line. Mode-coupling theory calculations and molecular dynamics simulations suggest that the reentrance is due to the existence of two qualitatively different glassy states: one dominated by repulsion (with structural arrest due to caging) and the other by attraction (with structural arrest due to bonding). This picture is consistent with a study of the particle dynamics in the colloid using dynamic light scattering. 相似文献
6.
P Yang T Deng D Zhao P Feng D Pine BF Chmelka GM Whitesides GD Stucky 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1998,282(5397):2244-2246
Porous silica, niobia, and titania with three-dimensional structures patterned over multiple length scales were prepared by combining micromolding, polystyrene sphere templating, and cooperative assembly of inorganic sol-gel species with amphiphilic triblock copolymers. The resulting materials show hierarchical ordering over several discrete and tunable length scales ranging from 10 nanometers to several micrometers. The respective ordered structures can be independently modified by choosing different mold patterns, latex spheres, and block copolymers. The examples presented demonstrate the compositional and structural diversities that are possible with this simple approach. 相似文献
7.
Agrell SO Scoon JH Muir ID Long JV McConnell JD Peckett A 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1970,167(3918):583-586
Chemical analyses and norms of four samples are presented which confirm original estimates of low silica, unusual abundance of titania, and low oxidation state of the rocks. Accounts are given of mineralogy and petrology of fine-and coarse-grained igneous rocks and microbreccias with emphasis on chemical composition of individual minerals and glasses. The glasses are either spheres that scatter widely around the composition of lunar basalts or coating glasses that approximate basalts and microbreccias in composition. 相似文献
8.
Aizenberg J Weaver JC Thanawala MS Sundar VC Morse DE Fratzl P 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,309(5732):275-278
Structural materials in nature exhibit remarkable designs with building blocks, often hierarchically arranged from the nanometer to the macroscopic length scales. We report on the structural properties of biosilica observed in the hexactinellid sponge Euplectella sp. Consolidated, nanometer-scaled silica spheres are arranged in well-defined microscopic concentric rings glued together by organic matrix to form laminated spicules. The assembly of these spicules into bundles, effected by the laminated silica-based cement, results in the formation of a macroscopic cylindrical square-lattice cagelike structure reinforced by diagonal ridges. The ensuing design overcomes the brittleness of its constituent material, glass, and shows outstanding mechanical rigidity and stability. The mechanical benefits of each of seven identified hierarchical levels and their comparison with common mechanical engineering strategies are discussed. 相似文献
9.
Albanese AA 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1945,101(2633):619-621
Montmorillonite goes readily into solution in slightly acid water. In strong acids only bases, in pure water only free silica is removed. In the range from 0.02 to 0.5 per cent. acid, both bases and silica go into solution and recombine as an aluminosilicate sol and as highly soluble salts. The sol recovered by evaporation, washing and drying is an amorphous colloid near pyrophyllite in composition, Al(2)O(3).mSiO(2).nH(2)O, with m averaging 4.1 (3.9 to 4.5) and n about 1.5. The slight variation in m is unrelated to either sol, acid or clay concentration. A general characteristic relation between the amount of sol formed and the amounts of clay, acid and water used has been found for montmorillonite clays. This relation differs in two essential properties from that previously deduced for halloysite-allophane solutions. The variation with temperature of the constants of these equations remains to be investigated. 相似文献
10.
We report a nanoscale "lost-wax" method for forming colloids with size distributions around 5% and their corresponding colloidal crystals. Macroporous polymer templates are first prepared from a silica colloidal crystal. We then use the uniform and interconnected voids of the porous polymer to generate a wide variety of highly monodisperse inorganic, polymeric, and metallic solid and core-shell colloids, as well as hollow colloids with controllable shell thickness, as colloidal crystals. We can also uniformly deform the polymer template to alter colloidal shape and demonstrate the formation of elliptical particles with precisely controlled aspect ratios. 相似文献
11.
"Tubules-Within-a-Tubule" Hierarchical Order of Mesoporous Molecular Sieves in MCM-41 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The recently discovered mesoporous aluminosilicate MCM-41 consists of hexagonal arrays of nanometer-sized cylindrical pores. It is shown that this material can be synthesized by cooperative condensation of silicate and cylindrical cationic micelles. Careful control of the surfactant-water content and the rate of condensation of silica at high alkalinity resulted in hollow tubules 0.3 to 3 micrometers in diameter. The wall of the tubules consisted of coaxial cylindrical pores, nanometers in size, that are characteristic of those of MCM-41. The formation of this higher order structure may take place through a liquid crystal phase transformation mechanism involving an anisotropic membrane-to-tubule phase change. The hierarchical organization of this "tubules-within-a-tubule" particle texture is similar to that of the frustules of marine diatoms. 相似文献
12.
基于Zeta电位法分析新生亚硫酸钙对蔗汁胶体的吸附特性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
【目的】从Zeta电位的角度考察新生亚硫酸钙对蔗汁胶体的吸附规律,为适时监测和优化制糖澄清工艺提供新途径。【方法】通过模拟亚硫酸法制糖澄清工艺,探讨新生亚硫酸钙吸附蔗汁胶体过程中Zeta电位的变化规律及其与新生亚硫酸钙对蔗汁胶体吸附量（Qe）的相关性。【结果】随着p H和胶体浓度的升高,Zeta电位和新生亚硫酸钙对蔗汁胶体的Qe逐渐增大;随着Zeta电位的增大,新生亚硫酸钙对蔗汁胶体的Qe也逐渐增加。新生亚硫酸钙对胶体的吸附等温线采用Freundlich模型拟合时,其拟合参数R^2大于Langmuir模型的拟合参数R^2。【结论】新生亚硫酸钙对蔗汁胶体吸附特性更符合Freundlich等温吸附模型,且新生亚硫酸钙对蔗汁胶体的Qe与其Zeta电位呈正相关。 相似文献
13.
耐重金属细菌对土壤胶体矿物体系吸附铜的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以从大冶铜矿区土壤筛选的耐重金属细菌NTG-01为试验菌株,研究在不同pH值及不同菌量条件下该细菌对土壤胶体和粘土矿物体系吸附Cu2 的影响.结果表明:①土壤胶体、矿物与细菌的共存体系对Cu2 的吸附仍符合Langmuir方程,相关系数为0.98以上;②在细菌NTG-01的存在下,土壤胶体、矿物对Cu2 的吸附量较无菌时增加,且在一定菌量范围内,随着体系中细菌量的增加,体系对Cu2 的吸附量增加;③细菌NTG-01的存在增加了Cu2 与土壤胶体和矿物表面的亲和力,使其在较低pH值条件下就能被吸附固定. 相似文献
14.
Lunar soil: size distribution and mineralogical constituents 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The lunar soil collected by Apollo 11 consists primarily of submillimeter material and is finer in grain size than soil previously recorded photographically by Surveyor experiments. The main constituents are fine-grained to glassy rocks of basaltic affinity and coherent breccia of undetermined origin. Dark glass, containing abundant nickel-iron spheres, coats many rocks, mineral, and breccia fragments. Several types of homogeneous glass occur as fragments and spheres. Colorless spheres, probably an exotic component, are abundant in the fraction finer than 20 microns. 相似文献
15.
原油改性机理研究中的几个问题 总被引：17，自引：5，他引：12
简述了高分子聚合物对石蜡、沥青质的改性作用,并对现有原油改性机理、胶体流变学、胶体化学、非电解质理论进行综合研究,提出了改变原油均相分布,使原油形成非均相胶体,形成轻馏分油包蜡晶、胶质聚集体的新构想。在保留化学剂与石蜡进行物理作用的基础上,将化学反应、配位化学引用到原油改性中,不仅改变胶质的形态,形成胶质聚集体,而且可能改变胶质对蜡晶改性剂影响。 相似文献
16.
ZHAOXin－huai LITie－jing 《东北农业大学学报(英文版)》2002,9(2):131-135
Cooloid concentrates were obtained by employing a cross-flow filtration system to ultrafiltrate seawater(which was pre-filtrated by 0.45 μm acetate cellulose membrane)sucessively with three membranes.The retentions(colloid concentrates)and control sample(in which colloid was removed)were then inoculated with a microalga and cultivated in vitro.After continuously monitoring cell content during cultivation,it was found that colloid had an obvious beneficial effect on the growth of microalga.Although colloids with different sizes influenced microalga‘s growth in different extent and ways,a brief conclusion could be draw from experiments that colloid might be a potential nutrition source for microalga‘s growth. 相似文献
17.
Conodonts are zoologically enigmatic, toothlike phosphatic microfossils occurring in marine sedimentary rocks ranging in age from Cambrian to Triassic. Dimpled spheres of less than 1 millimeter in diameter are sporadic associates of conodonts and have identical chemical composition and microstructure. Mineralogy, morphology, and occurrence of these spheres suggest that they are pearls secreted by the conodont-bearing animal. 相似文献
18.
选用采自新疆阿克苏地区典型的棕漠土壤,用模拟吸附方法研究棕漠土无机胶体在不同阴阳离子作用下对Cu2 的吸附特征,得出:棕漠土无机胶体对铜的等温吸附曲线可以用Langmuir等温方程式拟合,解吸后,铜在胶体内的残余量与加入溶液的浓度呈很好的一次函数关系;随着加入支持电解质浓度的增加,胶体对铜的吸附量逐渐减少;不同电解质溶液对土壤无机胶体吸附铜的影响不一样,在Cl-存在下,对铜竞争吸附的影响K >NH4 >Na ;当支持电解质阳离子浓度相同时,阴离子对胶体吸附铜的影响都为SO42->Cl- 相似文献
19.
张月仙 《河北北方学院学报(自然科学版)》2003,(3)
制备胶体溶液的方法很多,许多教学书参考书中都有介绍,但实践中都往往出现异常,以 Fe(OH)_3胶体的制备介绍制备条件方法的最优选择. 相似文献
20.
在基础日粮 (含碘 0 2 0 0 8mg/kg .)中分别添加 0、16 0、12 50mg/kg碘 ,对Hisex蛋鸡连续饲喂 5周 ,发现高碘组与对照组相比甲状腺贮留型滤泡减少差异显著 (p <0 0 5) ;部分溶解型、完全溶解型及扩张型滤泡增加均为差异显著 (p <0 0 5) .单位面积内胰腺胰岛数量和胰岛内B细胞增加均差异显著 (p <0 0 5) ;高碘组中胰岛分布有相互融合现象 .甲状腺和胰腺组织内淋巴细胞浸润密度增大 .由形态学观察提示 ,高碘引起甲状腺和胰岛机能以及免疫机能状态的不平衡 相似文献