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试验旨在对比研究凹叶厚朴与厚朴挥发油的化学组成及抑菌活性。挥发油通过水蒸气蒸馏法提取，采用气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）对凹叶厚朴与厚朴挥发油成分进行分析和鉴定，运用峰面积归一化法确定各成分的含量，使用比浊法研究凹叶厚朴与厚朴挥发油对金黄色葡萄球菌的体外抑制作用。GC-MS结果显示，两种挥发油中芳樟醇、α-松油醇、α-桉叶醇、β-桉叶醇等12种共有成分在凹叶厚朴中的含量大于厚朴，合计占各自挥发油含量的58.25%、46.02%。抑菌试验结果表明，凹叶厚朴与厚朴挥发油对10种金黄色葡萄球菌均具有抑制作用，其中凹叶厚朴对ATCC25923等8种菌的抑菌效果显著优于厚朴。研究表明，试验结果可为中草药添加剂的开发应用及抑菌剂的研发提供一定参考。 相似文献
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旨在筛选抗菌效果好的艾纳香油,寻找其抗菌活性物质,分析其对金黄色葡萄球菌抗菌作用。通过对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、铜绿假单胞杆菌、无乳链球菌、白色念珠菌体外抗菌试验筛选不同产源（A1~A5）和自制的艾纳香油（B1~B9、T）,采用GC-MS分析主要化学成分,并检测其部分化合物对金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞杆菌的最小抑菌浓度（MIC）和最小杀菌浓度（MBC）,采用金黄色葡萄球菌感染小鼠模型研究艾纳香油T对动物的保护作用,测定其对细菌生长及细菌形态的影响。结果表明,艾纳香油B9、T体外抗菌效果最好,金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞杆菌对其敏感,MIC值分别为9.77、13.68 μg·mL-1,MBC值分别为19.54、27.35 μg·mL-1;从艾纳香油B5、B9、T中检测出36种共有化学成分,其中,α-葎草烯、蒎烯、芳樟醇类化合物具有一定抑菌活性;不同浓度艾纳香油T溶液均可不同程度抑制小鼠的死亡率,减轻小鼠脾肿大、肾炎性渗出,差异极显著（P<0.01）;低浓度艾纳香油T溶液能延迟菌株进入对数生长期,高浓度能杀死细菌,造成菌体不规则凸出及凹陷结构,变形严重,甚至细胞破碎。筛选获得艾纳香油T抗菌活性较好,其对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制与破坏菌体结构、抑制菌株生长有关,其中,α-葎草烯、蒎烯和芳樟醇类化合物可能是抑菌关键物质,值得进一步开发和研究。 相似文献
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本研究旨在分析催情散中挥发油的成分及其相对含量，为其临床应用提供可靠依据。选取10批次不同厂家的催情散，采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取催情散中的挥发油，以气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)测定催情散中挥发油成分及其相对含量。另取当归、香附、淫羊藿等药材作为对照，用相同方法提取并测定其挥发油成分。将催情散中挥发油与当归、香附、淫羊藿等药材中挥发油进行对比分析。结果表明，催情散中挥发油成分主要为茴香脑(13.37%)、香附子烯(4.54%)、(+)-β-selinene(2.11%)、棕榈酸(1.77%)等，其中茴香脑归属当归，香附子烯、(+)-β-selinene归属香附，棕榈酸归属淫羊藿。GC-MS可快速有效分析催情散中挥发性成分，为该药的成分研究以及质量检测提供参考。 相似文献
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为了研究菊三七茎叶挥发油的化学成分,试验采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取菊三七茎叶中的挥发油,以气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)仪测定挥发油的化学组分。结果表明:共分离到22个组分,鉴定了其中16个组分,占挥发油总量的93.784%。菊三七茎叶挥发油的主要成分为石竹烯氧化物(64.454%)、匙叶桉油烯醇(7.144%)、石竹烯(6.284%)、2,6二甲基-6-(4-甲基-3-戊基)-双环[3.1.1]-2-庚烯(4.455%)。说明菊三七茎叶挥发油中石竹烯及其氧化物含量超过70%,可综合开发利用。 相似文献
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为研制一款可净化空气、预防禽类呼吸道疾病且使用方便的中药固体空气清新剂,本试验根据国医大师周仲瑛的中药防疫香囊配方,提取广藿香、苍术、白芷、草果、石菖蒲和艾叶混合后药材的挥发油,添加增溶剂和乳化剂制成中药固体空气清新剂。将其置于室温检测挥发量,以琼脂扩散法考察含不同挥发油的固体空气清新剂以及不同挥发程度的混合药材固体空气清新剂对引起呼吸道疾病的致病菌(大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和白色葡萄球菌)的抑菌效果,根据抑菌圈直径的大小评价固体空气清新剂的抑菌活性。结果显示：固体空气清新剂的组成为卡拉胶(20%)、苯甲酸(0.2%)、挥发油(4%)、聚山梨醇酯(1%)和蒸馏水;50 g固体空气清新剂的挥发性较好;含混合药材挥发油的固体空气清新剂对大肠杆菌无明显抑菌效果,对金黄色葡萄球菌和白色葡萄球菌的抑菌圈直径分别为20.1和41.7 mm,属于高敏;同时该固体空气清新剂挥发不同程度后的固体清新剂仍能抑制金黄色葡萄球菌和白色葡萄球菌的生长,说明所制备的混合药材固体空气清新剂能持续对这2种致病菌的生长起到抑制作用。结果表明,该中药固体空气清新剂制备工艺简单,气味芳香怡人,具有净化空气和抑制致病菌生长的... 相似文献
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大蒜挥发油对猪鸡四种常见致病菌的抗菌效果 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本试验旨在研究大蒜挥发油(GO)能否作为安全优质的饲料添加剂广泛应用于畜禽养殖生产.采用试管倍比稀释法研究本实验室开发的2种精制大蒜挥发油制剂(G0-Ⅰ和GO-Ⅱ),以及市售天然大蒜油、合成大蒜油对养殖生产中常见的致病性鸡大肠杆菌、鸡沙门氏菌、猪大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌的体外抗菌效果.结果发现:2种制剂对供试菌都有较好抑菌作用且效果均优于天然大蒜油和合成大蒜油;精制大蒜挥发油GO-Ⅱ(含二烯丙基二硫化物(DADS)比例高)对猪大肠杆菌和鸡大肠杆菌最低抑菌浓度(MIC)为62.5 μg/mL,对鸡沙门氏菌和金黄色葡萄球菌MIC为31.3μg/mL;GO-Ⅰ对鸡沙门氏菌和金黄色葡萄球菌MIC与GO-Ⅱ相同.本研究提示GO制剂中有效成分DADS与二烯丙基三硫化物(DATS)的比例不同抗菌效果不同. 相似文献
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本文以秦巴山区香樟树叶为研究对象,采用水蒸气蒸馏法(SD)从香樟树叶中提取挥发油,并用气相色谱质谱联用仪(GC-MS)测量挥发油中化合物及其化合物的相对含量。分析检测出14种有效成分,其中主要成分烯醇类物质,占挥发的15.13%,而烯醇中含量最多的为2,6,10,14-四甲基-14-烯醇。 相似文献
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石香薷挥发油抗菌效果的比较研究 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
试验采用饱和盐水蒸馏法提取石香薷挥发油,选用泰乐菌素、金霉素等常用饲用抗生素进行对比抑菌试验。试验结果表明,石香薷挥发油对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌有良好的抑菌作用,最低抑菌浓度为135～150μg/ml;1∶200的石香薷挥发油稀释液对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌效果略优于40mg/kg泰乐菌素、20mg/kg金霉素、20mg/kg硫酸抗敌素、20mg/kg杆菌肽锌,1∶400～1∶1000的石香薷挥发油稀释液对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌效果与饲用抗生素相当,但对大肠杆菌的抑菌效果则略差。 相似文献
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中水水培对4种绿地植物生长及光合生理特性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究中水对植物生长发育产生的影响,拓展深圳市中水的利用范围。利用中水和清水(对照)水培试验对大叶油草、台湾草、蟛蜞菊和金叶假连翘4种常用绿地植物小苗进行培养,测定2种水质对4种绿地植物株高生长、根系发育及光合生理等的影响。结果表明,在中水中培养30d,4种植物的株高大于清水;根活力小于相应的清水;叶绿素含量都高于清水;而根长在培养21d前大于清水,在21d后小于清水。大叶油草、蟛蜞菊的原始荧光(F0)和最大荧光(Fm)均大于清水,Fv/Fm值小于清水;而台湾草正好相反。经差异显著性分析,中水培养对植物光合性能的影响与清水培养相比差异不显著(P>0.05)。中水水质能对4种绿地植物的形态、生理产生一定的影响,但与不同植物本身生物学特性有关。 相似文献
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The antimicrobial activity of lavender essential oil (Lavandula angustifolia) and its influence on the production performance of broiler chickens 
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下载免费PDF全文 M. Adaszyńska‐Skwirzyńska D. Szczerbińska 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2018,102(4):1020-1025
The aim of the study was the evaluation of the antimicrobial activity (in vitro) of lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) essential oil (LEO) and the effect of its addition to the drinking water of broiler chickens on their production performance. Antimicrobial activity was determined by establishing the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) using a series of microdilutions. Bird experiments were carried out on a commercial farm on 300 Ross 308 broilers. One‐day‐old chicks were randomly assigned to three experimental groups of 100 individuals (five replications of 20 individuals each). In the control group, chickens received drinking water without added essential oil throughout the rearing period. In the LEO0.2 and LEO0.4 groups, from 1 to 42 days of bird life, the LEO0.2 group had 0.2 ml/L of essential lavender oil added to the drinking water, while LEO0.4 had 0.4 ml/L added. The results of the experiment showed the antimicrobial activity of LEO and its positive effect on the production results of broiler chickens. Application of higher concentration of essential oil (0.4 ml/L) significantly affected production results (BW, FCR, WCR—p < .01). No differences were observed in FI, WI, F:W and mortality (p > .05). In vitro studies indicate a significant effect of LEO on the inhibition of microbial growth. These results encourage further studies on a larger scale that will confirm antimicrobial efficiency and define the mechanisms of action of Lavandula angustifolia essential oil and its individual components. 相似文献
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Mathlouthi N Bouzaienne T Oueslati I Recoquillay F Hamdi M Urdaci M Bergaoui R 《Journal of animal science》2012,90(3):813-823
The present study was conducted to characterize the in vitro antimicrobial activities of 3 essential oils [oregano, rosemary, and a commercial blend of essential oils (BEO)] against pathogenic and nonpathogenic bacteria and to evaluate their effects on broiler chicken performances. The chemical composition of the essential oils was determined using the gas chromatography interfaced with a mass spectroscopy. The disc diffusion method, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were applied for the determination of antimicrobial activities of essential oils. In vivo study, a total of seven hundred fifty 1-d-old male broiler chickens were assigned to 6 dietary treatment groups: basal diet (control; CON), CON + 44 mg of avilamycin/kg (A), CON + 100 mg of rosemary essential oil/kg (ROS), CON + 100 mg of oregano essential oil/kg (OR), CON + 50 mg of rosemary and 50 mg of oregano essential oils/kg (RO), and CON + 1,000 mg of BEO/kg (essential oil mixture, EOM). The essential oils isolated from rosemary and oregano were characterized by their greater content of 1,8-cineole (49.99%) and carvacrol (69.55%), respectively. The BEO was mainly represented by the aldehyde (cinnamaldehyde) and the monoterpene (1,8-cineole) chemical groups. The results of the disc diffusion method indicated that the rosemary essential oil had antibacterial activity (P ≤ 0.05) against only 3 pathogenic bacteria, Escherichia coli (8 mm), Salmonella indiana (11 mm), and Listeria innocua (9 mm). The essential oil of oregano had antimicrobial activities (P ≤ 0.05) on the same bacteria as rosemary but also on Staphylococcus aureus (22 mm) and Bacillus subtilis (12 mm). Oregano essential oil had greater (P ≤ 0.05) antimicrobial activities against pathogenic bacteria than rosemary essential oil but they had no synergism between them. The BEO showed an increased antimicrobial activity (P ≤ 0.05) against all studied bacteria (pathogenic and nonpathogenic bacteria) except for Lactobacillus rhamnosus. The supplementation of the basal diet with avilamycin or essential oils improved (P ≤ 0.05) broiler chicken BW, BW gain, and G:F compared with the CON diet. There were no differences in growth performances among birds fed A, ROS, OR, RO, or EOM diets. In general, essential oils contained in rosemary, oregano, and BEO can substitute for growth promoter antibiotics. Although the 3 essential oils had different antimicrobial activities, they exhibited the same efficiency in broiler chickens. 相似文献
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为红茂草药物的进一步开发和利用,本试验以甘肃平凉地区野生药用植物红茂草为研究对象,采用水蒸气提取、蒸馏萃取（SDE）提取、超临界CO2萃取等3种方法,分别提取红茂草中的精油成分;以GC-MS对其精油进行化学成分分析,并将超临界CO2萃取的红茂草精油采用平板菌落计数法对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和绿脓杆菌进行抑菌活性测定。结果显示,三种提取方法中,水蒸气提取法和蒸馏萃取提取法所得精油为橙黄色,有浑浊,超临界CO2萃取法所得精油为淡黄色,澄清液体。3种方法所得精油均含有24种共同成分,以超临界CO2萃取法最优,其提取率为2.1220%,水蒸气提取法最低,提取率为1.7870%;将超临界CO2萃取的红茂草精油作用于3种供试菌,测定其最小抑菌浓度（MIC）分别为：金黄色葡萄球菌0.2500 g/mL、大肠杆菌0.3000 g/mL,绿脓杆菌0.2600 g/mL,抑菌效果显著。研究结果表明,超临界CO2萃取是提取红茂草精油的最佳方法,通过超临界CO2萃取法提取的红茂草精油对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和绿脓杆菌具有良好的抑菌效果。 相似文献
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Anthelmintic resistance is a worldwide concern in small ruminant industry and new plant-derived compounds are being studied for their potential use against gastrointestinal nematodes. Mentha piperita, Cymbopogon martinii and Cymbopogon schoenanthus essential oils were evaluated against developmental stages of trichostrongylids from sheep naturally infected (95% Haemonchus contortus and 5% Trichostrogylus spp.) through the egg hatch assay (EHA), larval development assay (LDA), larval feeding inhibition assay (LFIA), and the larval exsheathment assay (LEA). The major constituent of the essential oils, quantified by gas chromatography for M. piperita oil was menthol (42.5%), while for C. martinii and C. schoenanthus the main component was geraniol (81.4% and 62.5%, respectively). In all in vitro tests C. schoenanthus essential oil had the best activity against ovine trichostrongylids followed by C. martini, while M. piperita presented the least activity. Cymbopogon schoenanthus essential oil had LC(50) value of 0.045 mg/ml in EHA, 0.063 mg/ml in LDA, 0.009 mg/ml in LFIA, and 24.66 mg/ml in LEA. The anthelmintic activity of essential oils followed the same pattern in all in vitro tests, suggesting C. schoenanthus essential oil could be an interesting candidate for nematode control, although in vivo studies are necessary to validate the anthelmintic properties of this oil. 相似文献
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本研究的目的是观察不同日粮形态对合浦鹅生长性能及养分利用的影响.将72羽28日龄的合浦鹅随机分为3组,每组3个重复,每个重复8羽(公母各1/2).A组饲喂基础精料+蟛蜞菊鲜草;B组饲喂基础精料+蟛蜞菊草粉混合的粉料;C组饲喂基础精料+蟛蜞菊草粉混合后制成的颗粒料.A组前期(28～48 d)日粮精料和蟛蜞菊鲜草的比例为1:2(风干:新鲜),后期(49～69 d)为1:3;B和C日粮组中蟛蜞菊草粉用量则参照A组鲜草的风干物质含量和比例的折算结果等量添加,同时用4 mol/L HCI AIA方法测定合浦鹅对日粮的养分消化率.试验期为42 d.结果表明:日粮B和日粮C在试验的第一阶段能显著提高试验鹅的采食量,但在整个试验期间3种日粮的采食量并没有明显差异(P>0.05).A、B和C组试验鹅全期日均精料采食量分别为208.38、207.22和205.73 g;平均日增重为56.07、62.42和63.44 g;料重比为3.72、3.32和3.24;3组日粮之间的日均精料采食量无显著差异(P>0.05),但B和C组的平均日增重和料重比显著优于A组(P<0.05),而B和C组间没有显著差异(P>0.05).3组日粮的养分消化率除了前期的干物质、粗蛋白质和P以及后期的粗蛋白质、Ca和P的消化率相近以外,B和C组日粮的能量、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维和半纤维素的消化率在两期的试验中均显著优于A组(P<0.05).此外,B和C组试验鹅的屠宰率和腹脂率也显著高于A组(P<0.05).可见,用草粉构成的B或C组的日粮形态饲用效果明显优于A组,故在生产上宜将鲜草加工成草粉后使用. 相似文献
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Ribeiro VL dos Santos JC Martins JR Schripsema J Siqueira IR von Poser GL Apel MA 《Veterinary parasitology》2011,179(1-3):195-198
Calea serrata Less. (Asteraceae), an endemic species of south Brazil known as "quebra-tudo", is used in Afro-Brazilian religious rituals and in folk medicine for treating liver disorders. Phytochemical studies of the n-hexane extract of this plant demonstrated the presence of precocene II, a benzopyran derivative known for its insecticidal activity. The aim of this work was to isolate this benzopyran and determine the chemical composition of the essential oil of C. serrata and further to evaluate the acaricidal activity of the essential oil and precocene II against the larvae of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. The LC(99.9) and LC(50) values obtained with the oil, which presents precocene II and sesquiterpenes, were 3.94 μL/mL and 0.28 μL/mL, respectively. For precocene II this values were 4.25mg/mL and 1.78 mg/mL, respectively. The results indicate a synergistic interaction between the components of the oil and precocene II. 相似文献
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Antonio Diego Brand?o Melo Amanda Figueiredo Amaral Gustavo Schaefer Fernando Bittencourt Luciano Carla de Andrade Leandro Batista Costa Marcos Horácio Rostagno 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》2015,79(4):285-289
The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity and determine the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the essential oils derived from Origanum vulgare (oregano), Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree), Cinnamomum cassia (cassia), and Thymus vulgaris (white thyme) against Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella Enteritidis, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis. The study also investigated the ability of these different bacterial strains to develop adaptation after repetitive exposure to sub-lethal concentrations of these essential oils. The MBC of the essential oils studied was determined by disc diffusion and broth dilution methods. All essential oils showed antimicrobial effect against all bacterial strains. In general, the development of adaptation varied according to the bacterial strain and the essential oil (tea tree > white thyme > oregano). Therefore, it is important to use essential oils at efficient bactericidal doses in animal feed, food, and sanitizers, since bacteria can rapidly develop adaptation when exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of these oils. 相似文献
20.
试验旨在研究汤阴北艾精油对CYP450酶各亚型活性和表达的影响。采用水蒸馏提取法提取北艾精油,通过GC-MS检测北艾精油成分。为研究北艾精油对CYP450酶活性的影响,将SD大鼠随机分为对照组（CON）和北艾精油组（EO）,分别灌胃0.1%吐温-80 100 μL/g和0.1%吐温-80稀释的北艾精油（5%）100 μg/g,灌胃后给予20 μg/g各探针药物,采用鸡尾酒探针法分别对给药后5、10、20、30 min及1、2、3、6、12、24、36、48 h血浆中3种探针底物的浓度进行检测,考察北艾精油对CYP1A2、CYP2E1和CYP2D6酶活性的影响;为探究北艾精油对CYP450酶基因和蛋白表达的影响,将昆明小鼠随机分为对照组和北艾精油组,分别灌胃0.1%吐温-80 100 μL/g和0.1%吐温-80稀释的北艾精油（5%）100 μg/g,连续灌胃3日,每日2次,末次给药24 h后提取总mRNA及肝微粒体,采用实时荧光定量PCR和蛋白免疫印迹法（Western blotting）测定CYP1A2、CYP2E1和CYP2D6 mRNA和蛋白表达含量。结果表明：①北艾精油主要成分为Eucalyptol;3-Cyclohexen-1-ol,4-methyl-1-（1-methylethyl）-3;（+）-2-Carene,4-.alpha.-isopropenyl-2;m-Mentha-4,8-diene,（1S,3S）-（+）-;Benzoic acid,2,4,6-trimethyl-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl ester。②对血液中非那西汀（CYP1A2底物）、右美沙芬（CYP2D6底物）和氯唑沙宗（CYP2E1底物）进行药代动力学分析可知,北艾精油具有抑制CYP2D6和CYP2E1酶活性的作用,而对CYP1A2酶活性无显著作用。③实时荧光定量PCR和Western blotting测定结果表明,北艾精油可显著抑制CYP2E1和CYP2D6酶的表达。综上,北艾精油对CYP2E1和CYP2D6酶活性和表达均具有明显的抑制作用,提示艾草精油不能同时与以CYP2D6和CYP2E1为主要代谢酶的药物同食。该研究结果可为北艾精油的合理用药提供数据基础。 相似文献