共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 171 毫秒
1.
2.
3.
4.
在科尔沁草原地区进行了不同草种和不同播种量组合的混播人工草地生产特性的研究。结果表明,无芒雀麦、苇状羊茅、披碱草、鸭茅、紫花苜蓿均具有较强的种间竞争能力,种间相容性较好;白三叶、草地早熟禾、猫尾草在苗期种间竞争能力较弱,幼苗死亡率较高,生长发育不良。在生产特性方面,草地早熟禾+鸭茅+猫尾草+紫花苜蓿+白三叶(组合Ⅰ)草地豆科牧草平均产量显著大于禾本科牧草产量(P<0.01);无芒雀麦+苇状羊茅+披碱草+紫花苜蓿+白三叶(组合Ⅱ)草地禾本科与豆科牧草产量差异不显著(P>0.05)。在全年总产量中,组合Ⅱ的禾本科牧草产量显著大于组合Ⅰ(P<0.05)。在本试验条件下,适宜的混播组合是:无芒雀麦占40.3%,苇状羊茅+披碱草占32.9%,紫花苜蓿占26.8%,总播种量37.3kg/hm2,全年干草总产量可达8580.12kg/hm2,其中禾本科牧草占50%左右,适合于放牧刈割利用。 相似文献
5.
10种禾草苗期抗旱性的比较研究 总被引：23，自引：9，他引：14
采用盆栽断水方式模拟土壤干旱胁迫,研究不同程度干旱胁迫对10种禾草苗期7种抗旱性特征的影响,结果表明,随着干旱胁迫程度增加,禾草叶片含水量及相对含水量降低,叶片相对电导率与可溶性糖含量升高,重度干旱胁迫时,草地雀麦、无芒雀麦、苇状羊茅、沙生冰草和草芦根冠比增加,其余草种均有所降低,重度干旱胁迫对禾草株高胁迫指数与干物质胁迫指数影响不大;通过聚类分析可以将10种禾草按苗期抗旱性大小分为3类,强抗旱性禾草有无芒雀麦、草地雀麦、苇状羊茅,中抗旱性禾草有沙生冰草、蓝茎冰草、长穗偃麦草、鸭茅,弱抗旱性禾草有紫羊茅、猫尾草、草芦;通过主成分分析进一步确定10种禾草苗期抗旱性由强到弱的顺序为无芒雀麦>苇状羊茅>草地雀麦>鸭茅>沙生冰草>长穗偃麦草>蓝茎冰草>草芦>猫尾草>紫羊茅. 相似文献
6.
紫花苜蓿与3种多年生禾草混播草地的土壤养分特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《草业科学》2020,(1)
为了探究紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)与不同禾草混播草地的土壤养分分布与积累规律,将紫花苜蓿与无芒雀麦(Bromus inermis)、草地早熟禾(Poa pratensis)、苇状羊茅(Festuca arundinacea)均分别按1∶2、1∶1和2∶1比例进行同行混播,研究混播组合和混播比例对0–20 cm和20–40 cm土层土壤养分特征的影响。结果表明,1)较苜蓿单播,紫花苜蓿与3种多年生禾草混播对浅层(0–20 cm)土壤有机质、速效钾、碱解氮、速效磷、全磷的积累有显著的促进作用(P 0.05)。2) 3种混播组合中,紫花苜蓿+无芒雀麦改善土壤肥力的效果优于其他两种混播组合。0–40 cm土层紫花苜蓿+无芒雀麦更有利于土壤有机质、氮素、磷素养分的积累,而紫花苜蓿+草地早熟禾混播对于钾素的积累效果更明显。3)混播比例的变化对浅层的速效磷、全磷,深层土壤有机质、碱解氮影响显著(P 0.05),增加苜蓿的比例,土壤养分含量增加。3种混播比例中,0–20 cm土层紫花苜蓿+无芒雀麦配比处理1∶1和20–40 cm土层紫花苜蓿+无芒雀麦配比处理2∶1较其他两个比例混播更有利于速效养分的积累;0–20 cm和20–40 cm土层紫花苜蓿+草地早熟禾配比处理1∶2土壤速效钾、全钾含量最高,2∶1土壤碱解氮、全氮、全磷含量最高,而紫花苜蓿+苇状羊茅配比处理2∶1土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾和速效养分含量均高于其他两个比例混播。4)空间分布上,随着土层加深,除草地早熟禾单播和紫花苜蓿+苇状羊茅配比处理土壤全钾出现深层高于浅层现象外,其余所有混播处理土壤养分含量均为浅层高于深层,呈现养分表聚性现象。 相似文献
7.
针对宁夏半干旱区7龄以上苜蓿(Medicago sativa)草地退化导致的牧草产量低、品质差等问题，本试验采用单因素随机区组设计，研究了多年生黑麦草(Lolium perenne)、披碱草(Elymus nutans)、苇状羊茅(Festuca arundinacea)、无芒雀麦(Bromus inermis)、鸭茅(Dactylis glomerata)补播对退化草地苜蓿主要农艺性状和牧草品质的影响，并利用主成分分析方法(PCA)评价其改良效果。结果表明：补播禾草对苜蓿株高、叶茎比、一级分枝数和干草产量均有显著影响(P<0.05)，其中，补播苇状羊茅干草产量最高，其次为多年生黑麦草和无芒雀麦；补播禾草对牧草粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗灰分、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量有显著影响(P<0.05)；PCA分析得出，补播鸭茅、苇状羊茅综合性状分别排第一、二位。因此，可根据不同改良目的选择不同禾草种类进行补播，苇状羊茅可显著提高退化苜蓿草地生产性能，补播鸭茅可显著改善退化苜蓿草地牧草品质。 相似文献
8.
9.
本研究通过测定紫花苜蓿分别与3种生活型禾草混播草地牧草生产力和生理指标对混播成分和比例的响应,为建植可持续高产的混播草地提供理论依据。结果显示：混播紫花苜蓿和苇状羊茅MDA含量减小,抗逆能力和光合能力增强;建植初期混播草地早熟禾MDA含量大于单播,抗逆生理和光合生理指标在豆禾比为7∶3时小于单播,5∶5和3∶7时大于单播;混播无芒雀麦MDA含量大于单播,抗氧化指标在豆禾比为7∶3时小于单播,5∶5和3∶7时大于单播,渗透调节物质含量和光合生理指标大于单播,说明紫花苜蓿与苇状羊茅混播时二者生理协同效应较好,建植初期豆禾比为7∶3时紫花苜蓿对草地早熟禾和无芒雀麦有种间竞争胁迫,适当下调紫花苜蓿比例有利于草地早熟禾和无芒雀麦生长。隶属函数评价结果显示紫花苜蓿与丛生型苇状羊茅3∶7混播时两种牧草生理表现最好,增产率和产量最高。 相似文献
10.
以紫花苜蓿分别与草地早熟禾、无芒雀麦和苇状羊茅按混播比例为7∶3、5∶5和3∶7建立的人工草地群落为研究对象,以4个草种单播处理为对照,通过对生物量、植物形态特征以及种间关系的测定分析,探讨种间关系对混播草种和比例的响应以及植物生长特征和生物量对种间关系的响应,为建植高产、优质的混播草地提供理论基础。研究结果表明3种混播组合中紫花苜蓿相对产量(RY)值均大于1.0且大于禾草,紫花苜蓿较禾草均具有竞争优势,紫花苜蓿+草地早熟禾和紫花苜蓿+无芒雀麦混播组合中,紫花苜蓿对禾草的生长具有压迫作用,紫花苜蓿+苇状羊茅组合表现为两种牧草协同生长。随紫花苜蓿比例的下降和禾草比例的提高,紫花苜蓿RY值表现为豆禾比例3∶7>5∶5>7∶3,禾草RY值表现为豆禾比例3∶7>7∶3>5∶5,混播系统通过降低紫花苜蓿株高、增加茎粗和叶面积,禾草通过提高株高,降低茎粗以及先增大再减小叶面积来响应种间关系的变化,使得各混播比例下相对产量总和(RYT)值均大于1.0,进而使两种牧草达到协同生长,最终达到增产的目的。3种混播组合中,紫花苜蓿与苇状羊茅混播增产效果好于其他混播组合,并且以3∶7混播增产率最高,紫花苜蓿与草地早熟禾、紫花苜蓿与无芒雀麦以7∶3混播增产效率最高。 相似文献
11.
J A Jackson R W Hemken J A Boling R J Harmon R C Buckner L P Bush 《Journal of animal science》1984,58(5):1057-1061
Seeds of the tall fescue ( Festuca arundinacea Schreb .) cultivars Kentucky 31 and an experimental ryegrass X tall fescue hybrid derivative strain (G1-307), and orchard grass (OG) seed were fed in a carrier diet to calves in controlled environmental rooms (31 to 32 C). Both tall fescue varieties produced symptoms of summer toxicosis in dairy steers. Total feed intake (P less than .01) and water intake (P less than .01) of calves were reduced by the tall fescue seed diets when compared with orchard grass. Steers fed G1-307 and Kentucky 31 tall fescue lost (NS) 17.5 and 7.8 kg of body weight, respectively, while those consuming orchard grass gained (P less than .01) 6.2 kg during the experiment. Rectal temperatures were lower (P less than .05) in the calves fed OG (39.4 C) when compared with those fed G1-307 (40.6 C) and Kentucky 31 (40.8 C) tall fescue seed, respectively. In a second trial Kentucky 31 seed was fed in a carrier diet to Holstein steers at graded levels of 0, 350, 700 and 1,050 g seed/d. Consumption of 700 and 1,050 g seed/d adversely affected performance of steers. Total feed intake was lower and water intake was reduced (P less than .05), with rectal temperatures being elevated (P less than .01) in these two groups when compared with 0- or 350-g treatments. No significant differences were detected in body weight changes in this trial. Respiration rates were not significantly affected in either trial. Results of these trials with the young bovine indicate that a toxic substance(s) is present in tall fescue seed. 相似文献
12.
刈割对混播草地根重及翌年产草量的响应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究刈割对无芒雀麦Bromus innermis 草原3号苜蓿Medicago varia cv.Caoyuan No.3草地组分种根重及翌年产草量的影响.结果表明:刈割次数对牧草根重和产草量有显著影响;随着刈割次数的增加,苜蓿和无芒雀麦根重下降,刈割3次比刈割1次根重分别下降53.39%和29.88%.在试验组分频率下,播种当年刈割1次,有利于苜蓿生长,翌年草地总产量最高,但降低了无芒雀麦的比例;在苜蓿孕蕾期(无芒雀麦拔节后期)初次刈割,年刈割2次,翌年草地产草量较高,群落稳定性最好;刈割3次,则严重影响其生长发育. 相似文献
13.
14.
Scaglia G Swecker WS Fontenot JP Fiske D Fike JH Abaye AO Peterson PR Clapham W Hall JB 《Journal of animal science》2008,86(8):2032-2042
Small cow-calf operations are common in the Appalachian region. Tall fescue [Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) S. J. Darbyshire] is the dominant forage in these systems for direct grazing as well as for stockpiling. The present study was conducted from 2001 to 2005. A total of 108 Angus and Angus crossbred cows were allotted randomly to 6 forage systems and then to 3 replicates within each system. In brief, system 1 had a stocking rate of 0.91 ha/cow in a Middleburg 3-paddock (A, B, and C) system. System 2 was similar to system 1 except for a stocking rate of 0.71 ha/cow. A stocking rate of 0.71 ha/cow also was used in systems 3 through 6. All A paddocks had tall fescue, whereas B paddocks had tall fescue/white clover (Trifolium repens L.) except in system 6, which had tall fescue/lespedeza [Lespedeza cuneata (Dum. Cours.) G. Don]. System 3 evaluated a 2-paddock (A and B) rotational grazing system, and system 4 evaluated a 3-paddock (A, B, and C) rotational grazing system, with paddock C containing orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Systems 5 and 6 differed from system 2 in the areas of paddocks B and C as well as in the forage mixtures used. In paddock C, system 5 had switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) and system 6 had tall fescue and birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.). System 1 had the greatest average herbage availability from weaning until breeding (P < 0.05) with the least amount of hay fed (P = 0.03) when compared with the remainder of the systems. Differences (P > 0.05) in percentage of ground cover were not detected among systems. There was no year x system interaction effect on the cow or calf performance variables evaluated and no treatment effect on cow performance variables. There was a treatment effect on calf performance variables. System 2 produced the greatest adjusted weaning weight, kilograms of calf weaned per hectare, and kilograms of calf per kilograms of cow at weaning (P < 0.05). Numerical ranking for total calf production per hectare from the greatest to least was system 2, 6, 3, 5, 4, and 1. Systems evaluated did not affect cow performance although differences in calf performance and overall productivity of the systems were observed. 相似文献
15.
在河南省黄河滩区气候和土壤条件下,连续4年对紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)与高羊茅(Festuca arundinacea Schreb.)混播牧草的物侯特点、生物学指标及生长规律进行了分析,并对单播和混播牧草生物量的时空间动态进行定量研究,以便更好地了解该混播牧草的生长与生产特点,为滩区畜牧业生产服务。结果表明:混播牧草在河南适宜秋季播种,翌年3月中旬进入返青期,6月中旬种子成熟。混播牧草地上生物量动态呈现S型曲线变化,生物量增长最快在禾草的抽穗扬花期,生物量最大值在成熟期,其中蜡熟期是牧草利用最佳时期。牧草混播的生产水平高于各自单播的,但混播草地利用多年后,生产水平下降,需要通过土壤作业和加强管理来恢复其生产力。因此,在河南省黄河滩区,通过苜蓿与高羊茅混播建立人工草地是可行而有效的,只要加强后期管理,可以取得比单播更高更稳定的牧草产量。 相似文献
16.
Behavior, preference for, and use of alfalfa, tall fescue, white clover, and buffalograss by pregnant gilts in an outdoor production system 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Sustainable outdoor pig production requires vegetation that can maintain ground cover, assimilate manure nutrients, and prevent soil erosion. Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the suitability of four forages: alfalfa (Medicago sativa), tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea), white clover (Trifolium repens), and buffalograss (Buchloe dactyloides) for grazing or ground cover in pastures for pigs. Each forage plot covered 7.5 m2, with nine replicates in a randomized block design. In Exp. 1, eight pregnant gilts had free access to all forages during a 2-d adjustment period. Immediately thereafter, pairs of gilts were assigned randomly to one of each of four blocks of the four forages during a 2-d measurement period. The percentage of ground cover for each forage was visually estimated at 0, 24, and 48 h of study. Behavioral data, including walking, eating, grazing, rooting, drinking, standing, lying, and time spent in hut were video-monitored continuously for 48 h. Initial percentage of ground cover was 100% for all species. By 48 h, percentage of ground cover decreased (P < 0.001) for white clover (11.3 +/- 0.88%) and alfalfa (36.3 +/- 0.88%), but not for tall fescue (98.0 +/- 0.88%) or buffalograss (98.0 +/- 0.88%). Gilts spent more (P < 0.01) time grazing white clover (16.3 +/- 1.97 min/d) and alfalfa (11.2 +/- 1.97) than tall fescue (0.8 +/- 1.97) or buffalograss (0.3 +/- 1.97), and rooted more (P < 0.04) white clover than other forages. In Exp. 2, six gilts from the initial group were put on six blocks of the four forages. Each gilt was assigned randomly to three replicates of each forage, including alfalfa, tall fescue, or buffalograss (white clover was excluded because of damage by gilts during Exp. 1), and gilts grazed single forages for 2 d. After this grazing period, the percentage of ground cover was less (P < 0.01) for alfalfa than for buffalograss or tall fescue (37.5 +/- 0.38, 96.7 +/- 0.39, 96.3 +/- 0.39%, respectively). With access to a single forage, pregnant gilts spent more (P < 0.01) time grazing alfalfa (15.8 +/- 2.36 min/d) than buffalograss (1.5 +/- 2.36) or tall fescue (0.7 +/- 2.37). These gilts clearly preferred grazing white clover and alfalfa, and rooting and eating white clover compared with buffalograss or tall fescue. Rates of ground cover loss were less (P < 0.01) for tall fescue and buffalograss than for the more preferred forages. Less preferred forages could have potential as pasture for swine when the primary objective is ground cover maintenance rather than nutrient supply. 相似文献
17.
紫花苜蓿对九种杂草的化感作用 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
试验运用生物测定法研究了紫花苜蓿叶化感物质对九种受体植物的作用.结果表明,紫花苜蓿叶提取物对多变小冠花的发芽势和发芽率具有抑制作用,与对照差异显著(P＜0.05);提取物对高羊茅种子的发芽势有促进作用,与对照差异显著(P＜0.05),其最终发芽率也增加(P＜0.05);除狗尾草外,其余八种受体植物的胚根长度都受到紫花苜蓿叶提取物的抑制,与对照的差异均显著(P＜0.05);提取物对稗草、狗尾草、高羊茅、毛马唐和多变小冠花的苗长具有促进作用,与对照差异均显著(P＜0.05);反枝苋的苗长则受到抑制(P＜0.05);提取物对受体植物的幼苗鲜重均有不同程度的影响,虎尾草、匍匐翦股颖、巴哈雀稗、反枝苋和多变小冠花幼苗鲜重明显降低,与对照差异达显著水平(P＜0.05). 相似文献
18.
In a 2-yr study, we evaluated the effect of different forage allocations on the performance of lactating beef cows and their calves grazing stockpiled tall fescue. Allocations of stockpiled tall fescue at 2.25, 3.00, 3.75, and 4.50% of cow-calf pair BW/d were set as experimental treatments. Conventional hay-feeding was also evaluated as a comparison to grazing stockpiled tall fescue. The experiment had a randomized complete block design with 3 replications and was divided into 3 phases each year. From early December to late February (phase 1) of each year, cows and calves grazed stockpiled tall fescue or were fed hay in the treatments described above. Immediately after phase 1, cows and calves were commingled and managed as a single group until weaning in April (phase 2) so that residual effects could be documented. Residual effects on cows were measured after the calves were weaned in April until mid-July (phase 3). During phase 1 of both years, apparent DMI of cow-calf pairs allocated stockpiled tall fescue at 4.50% of BW/d was 31% greater (P < 0.01) than those allocated 2.25% of BW/d. As allocation of stockpiled tall fescue increased from 2.25 to 4.50% of cow-calf BW/d, pasture utilization fell (P < 0.01) from 84 +/- 7% to 59 +/- 7%. During phase 1 of both years, cow BW losses increased linearly (P < 0.02) as forage allocations decreased, although the losses in yr 1 were almost double (P < 0.01) those in yr 2. During phases 2 and 3, few differences were noted across treatment groups, such that by the end of phase 3, cow BW in all treatments did not differ either year (P > 0.40). Calf ADG in phase 1 increased linearly (P < 0.01) with forage allocation (y = 0.063x + 0.513; R(2) = 0.91). However, calf gain per hectare decreased linearly (P < 0.01) as stockpiled tall fescue allocations increased (y = -26.5x + 212; R(2) = 0.97) such that gain per hectare for cow-calf pairs allocated stockpiled tall fescue at 4.50% BW/d was nearly 40% less (P < 0.01) than for those allocated 2.25% of BW/d. Allocating cow-calf pairs stockpiled tall fescue at 2.25% of BW/d likely optimizes its use; because cow body condition is easily regained in the subsequent spring and summer months, less forage is used during winter, and calf gain per hectare is maximized. 相似文献