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1.
马缨丹挥发油成分及其对美洲斑潜蝇成虫产卵、取食行为的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
经气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC/M S)分析,从马缨丹(L antana cam ara L.)挥发油中检测出43种化学成分。在各种成分中,桉树脑含量最高(11.761%),其次是反式-石竹烯(10.483%)、β-蛇床烯(7.509%)。马缨丹挥发油对美洲斑潜蝇的产卵、取食行为的影响结果表明,它对成虫的驱避和拒食作用都随挥发油施用量的增加而趋于显著,但随着时间的延长而降低。采用四臂嗅觉仪对美洲斑潜蝇成虫的行为反应的测定结果表明,美洲斑潜蝇成虫对这种挥发油具有相同的行为趋向。 相似文献
2.
对苦瓜藤叶提取物进行了萃取分离,并对所得5种萃取物和氯仿分离组分进行了选择性生物测定,结果表明,苦瓜的氯仿萃取物对美洲斑潜蝇的产卵驱避作用和拒食作用最强,其IIPC值和拒食率分别为0．11和77．67％。进一步对氯仿萃取物进行组分分离,并进行生物测定,发现萃取物各组分对美洲斑潜蝇的产卵驱避作用和拒食作用差别很大,2组分、3组分显示出较好的产卵驱避作用,其IIPC值均为0,其次是70％乙醇冲洗液。70％乙醇冲洗液表现出强烈的拒食作用,其拒食率为43．48％,其次是2组分,其拒食率为34．79％。 相似文献
3.
入侵物种三裂叶蟛蜞菊挥发物质的鉴定及其抗菌活性 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取入侵杂草三裂叶蟛蜞菊地上部的挥发油,并用生长速率法测定挥发油对水稻稻瘟病菌、水稻纹枯病菌和玉米纹枯病菌生长的影响,采用气相色谱-质谱法（GC-MS）对挥发油的成分进行了分离鉴定。结果表明：三裂叶蟛蜞菊挥发油对3种植物病原菌有显著抑制作用,最高抑制率分别为54．8％、32．9％和56．3％。从挥发油中检测出34种成分,用质谱图检索鉴定出其中29个化合物。已鉴定化合物占挥发油总置90．88％,主要化合物为2,6,6-三甲基-二环[3．1、1]-2-庚烯（25．16％）、2,7,7-三甲基-二环[2．2、1]-2-庚烯（22．90％）和γ-松油烯（8．98％）。本研究表明：入侵植物三裂叶蟛蜞菊挥发物具有较强抑菌作用,可防止本地病菌入侵,这可能是该外来入侵植物大面积扩散的一个重要原因。 相似文献
4.
应用4种植物的不同溶剂提取液对美洲斑潜蝇成虫进行产卵和取食驱避作用研究。结果表明：华南毛蕨的甲醇提取液对美洲斑潜蝇的产卵驱避效果最好，其驱避率为83．020％，其次是海南红豆的甲醇提取液和潺槁树的石油醚提取液，其产卵驱避率分别为64．120％和61．380％；在拒食作用方面，潺槁树氯仿提取液的拒食效果最好，其拒食率为64．100％；各种植物的乙醚提取液对美洲斑潜蝇的产卵和取食均有引诱作用。 相似文献
5.
十万大山地处北热带山地,有着丰富的生物多样性,但定居的外来种在不断增多,有的外来种成了入侵种,如飞机草等,给该自然保护区带来了严重威胁。通过实地调查以及查证文献,全面整理了十万大山国家级自然保护区的外来植物,并分析了外来种的类型、原产地、引种原因及引入途径,确认：①迄今为止共计99种（含亚种）外来植物,隶属于38科83属,其中菊科最多（10种）,占10．1％,其次为禾本科（6种）,占6．1％;②栽培种56种,逸生种20种,入侵种23种,分别占56．6％、20．2％和23．2％;③外来植物的原产地主要是热带美洲（有54种,占54．5％）,其次是印度（10种）、非洲（9种）和地中海地区（7种）;④人为有意引入有87种,占87．9％。最后对保护区内外来植物的危害预测和防治策略做了分析。 相似文献
6.
4-羟基-3-甲基-2-（E）-丁烯基-4-磷酸还原酶（4-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-（E）-butenyl-4-diphosphate reductase,HDR）是异戊烯基焦磷酸合成途径之一甲基赤藓糖磷酸（methylerythritol phosphate,MEP）途径中的最后一个酶,催化4-羟基-3-甲基-（2E）-丁烯基-4-磷酸生成异戊烯基焦磷酸。根据植物HDR的同源序列设计引物,通过RT-PCR结合RACE的方法在橡胶树中获得了与其相应的HDR基因,命名为HbHDR。序列分析表明HbHDR长1627bp,编码462个氨基酸,属于LYTB家族,该氨基酸序列与烟草、长春花、胡黄连、拟南芥、银杏和火炬松的HDR同源性为79．1％、78．4％、76．5％、75．3％、72．2％和70．9％。半定量RT-PCR结果显示,乙烯诱导胶乳HbHDR的表达。 相似文献
7.
利用改进的漂浮箱法,通过直接测定水体释放的N2O、N2,在模拟实验中研究种养及未种养漂浮植物凤眼莲条件下富营养化水体硝化、反硝化脱氮释放N2、N2O特征及其对消减水体氮的贡献。结果表明,种养或未种养凤眼莲的富营养化水体硝化、反硝化脱氮的产物以N2为主,硝化、反硝化脱氮释放N2O而脱除的氮仅占水体TN损失量的0．01％＋0．003％。在实验设定的水体富营养化条件下（NH4^＋ —N浓度6．0～7．2mg·L^-1、NO3^- -N浓度0．81～5．14mg·L^-1、TN浓度为8．9～12．07mg·L^-1）,种养凤眼莲的富营养化水体（无底泥）以向大气界面累积释放N2形式损失的氮量（N2-N量,以N计）为（1609．1±303．4）-（2265．2±262．6）mg,占水体氮损失量的63．2％-17．0％,凤眼莲吸收的N仅占水体TN损失量的（23．7±3．1）％～（28．7±4．8）％,并不是净化水体氮的唯一途径。未种养凤眼莲的富营养化水体（无底泥）向大气界面累积释放N2形式损失的氮占整个水体N损失量的（40．7±8．6）％-（43．6±0．8）％,是富营养化水体自净脱氮的主要途径。施加底泥进一步促进了水体通过反硝化脱氮释放N2而损失的氮量。凤眼莲与底泥对促进反硝化脱氮过程具有良好的交互作用（P〈0．01）。种养凤眼莲的富营养化水体向大气界面释放N2的浓度显著（P〈0．05）高于相应处理下未种养凤眼莲的对照水体,说明凤眼莲可能对水体反硝化脱氮过程有促进作用。 相似文献
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9.
研究了广州地区美洲斑潜蝇寄生性天敌的种类及发生动态,以及华南毛蕨、苦瓜、飞机草等植物提取物对寄生蜂的影响。研究结果表明,广州地区美洲斑潜蝇寄生蜂有姬小蜂科、茧蜂科11种。主要寄生蜂为姬小蜂科种类,其中底比斯釉姬小蜂Chry socharis p entheus(W a lker)为寄生美洲斑潜蝇的优势寄生蜂,其次是丽灿姬小蜂Chry sonotomy ia f orm osa(W estw ood)和冈崎灿姬小蜂Ch.okazak ii(K am ijo)。研究了植物提取物对底比斯釉姬小蜂的羽化率和寄生率的影响,结果表明,植物提取物对寄生蜂是相对安全的,已商品化的印楝素乳油制剂对其也同样是安全的。 相似文献
10.
大豆磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸磷酸酯酶(PEPP)研究: Ⅱ.纯化与特性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从大豆叶片中分离磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸磷酸酯酶（phosphoenolpyruvate phosphatase，PEPP），通过硫酸胺分部（20％～50％饱和度）沉淀、DEAE-纤维素层析、羟基磷灰石层析将酶纯化了96．81倍，酶活性达17．91U／mg蛋白。该酶专一性较强，米氏常数（Km）为0．39mmol／L（PEP），最适pH6．8，在PH6．O～7．4范围内及50。C以下较稳定，被Mg^2＋、Mn^2＋激活，F^-、Cu^2＋、Zn^2＋、PO^3-、MoO4^2-抑制。 相似文献
11.
Jaramillo Colorado BE Martelo IP Duarte E 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2012,60(25):6364-6368
The chemical composition of essential oils isolated from aerial parts of Triphasia trifolia (Burm. f.) P. Wilson was analyzed using hydrodistillation by GC-MS. The main constituents found were β-pinene (64.36%), (+)-sabinene (8.75%), hexadecanoic acid (6.03%), α-limonene (4.24%) and p-cymene (2.73%). The essential oil from T. trifolia shows high antioxidant potential (94.53%), an effect that is comparable with ascorbic acid (96.40%), used as standard. In addition, these oils had high repellent effects on the insect Tribolium castaneum Herbst (99% ± 1) at 0.2 μL/cm(2) after 2 h of exposure. 相似文献
12.
López SB López ML Aragón LM Tereschuk ML Slanis AC Feresin GE Zygadlo JA Tapia AA 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(10):5286-5292
Essential oils from four species of the genus Tagetes L. (Asteraceae, Helenieae) collected in Tucuma?n province, Argentina, were evaluated for their chemical composition, toxicity, and olfactory activity on Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann adults and for repellent properties on Triatoma infestans (Klug) (Chagas disease vector). Yields of essential oils range from 0.2 to 0.8% (v/w). The same main constituents among Tagetes minuta L., Tagestes rupestris Cabrera, and Tagetes terniflora Kunth, (cis-trans)-ocimenes, (cis-trans)-tagetones, and (cis-trans)-ocimenones showed important differences in their relative compositions. Tagetes filifolia Lag. was characterized by the recognized phenylpropanoids methylchavicol and trans-anethole as the main components. LD(50) was ≤20 μg/insect in topical bioassays. T. rupestris was the most toxic to C. capitata females, whereas the other oils presented similar toxicities against males and females. Tagetes rupestris oil attracted both sexes of C. capitata at 5 μg, whereas T. minuta showed opposite activities between males (attractant) and females (repellent). Oils from T. minuta and T. filifolia were the most repellent to T. infestans. The results suggest that compositions of essential oils influence their insecticidal and olfactory properties. The essential oils from Tagetes species show an important potential as infochemical agents on insects' behaviors. This study highlights the chemical variability of essential oils as a source of variation of anti-insect properties. 相似文献
13.
Fatemeh Ranjbar Parviz Rezvani Moghaddam Alireza Koocheki 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2017,48(7):801-807
Essential oil content and concentration of anise plant planted in different times under various sources of nitrogen was evaluated in this study. The experiment was conducted in a split plot based on a randomized complete block (RCB) design (different sources of fertilizer as the main plot and planting dates as subplots) with three replications in the Agricultural Research Station at Ferdowsi University of Mashhad in 2015–2016. Treatments included: planting times (sub plot factor): (27th of October, 27th of November, 1st of March, 10th of March, and 8th of April) and nutritional sources (main plot factor): (Cow Manure, Chemical Fertilizer, and mixture of Cow Manure + Chemical Fertilizer). The results showed that the anise plant essential oil qualitative characteristics were significantly influenced by treatments. Also, interaction between the fertilizer treatments and planting dates on the essential oil content and concentration of the plants were significant. The highest percentage of plant essential oil (3.71%) was found in the cow manure treatment, and the lowest percentage of essential oil (2.95%) was obtained in the chemical fertilizer. The highest essential oil yield (16.09 kg/ha) was found in the mixed treatment of the cow manure and the chemical fertilizer, and the chemical fertilizer treatment had the lowest rate of essential oil yield (11.41 kg/ha). The highest percentages of the plant oil (14.31%) and the plant oil yield (77.46 kg/ha) were found in the integrated treatment of the cow manure and the chemical fertilizers. The lowest amounts of the plant oil (12.19%) and the plant oil yield (41.28 kg/ha) were found in the chemical fertilizer. According to the percentage and the yield of the essential oil, the best planting time and fertilizer treatment was the one on 10th of March and using integrated cow manure and chemical fertilizer. 相似文献
14.
M. Eugenia Steffolani Paula Villacorta Eduardo R. Morales‐Soriano Ritva Repo‐Carrasco Alberto E. Len Gabriela T. Prez 《Cereal Chemistry》2016,93(3):275-281
The objectives of this work were to investigate the nutritional and physicochemical characteristics as well as the functional properties of quinoa protein isolates (QPI) from different varieties, and to determine their potential use of such protein isolates in food products. Proteins were isolated by isoelectric precipitation at pH 5 from quinoa flour, and the QPI had a protein percentage of over 85%. The comparison of the flours and QPI electrophoretic profiles indicated that the extraction method allowed isolating practically all proteins of each variety. All the varieties analyzed had high lysine content, compared with cereals, and the essential amino acid content of Bolivian varieties was higher than varieties from Peru. The pH value affected the solubility and foaming capacity, and the magnitude of effects depended on the variety. Cluster analysis showed a strong influence of variety source and amino acid composition on protein physicochemical and functional properties; samples from Bolivia (cluster 2) were characterized as having the highest thermal stability, oil binding capacity, and water binding capacity at acid pH; samples from Peru (cluster 1) had the highest water binding capacity at basic pH and foaming capacity at pH 5. QPI presented a potential as an alternative vegetable protein for food application, in particular for vegetarian and vegan diets. 相似文献
15.
Zhang JS Zhao NN Liu QZ Liu ZL Du SS Zhou L Deng ZW 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(18):9910-9915
The screening for bioactive principles from several Chinese medicinal herbs showed that the essential oil of Cymbopogon distans aerial parts possessed strong repellency against the booklouse, Liposcelis bostrychophila , and the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum . A total of 36 components of the essential oil were identified by GC and GC-MS. trans-Geraniol (16.54%), (R)-citronellal (15.44%), (+)-citronellol (11.51%), and α-elemol (9.06%) were the main components of the essential oil followed by β-eudesmol (5.71%) and (+)-limonene (5.05%). From the essential oil, four monoterpenes were isolated by bioassay-guided fractionation. The compounds were identified as limonene, citronellol, citronellal, and trans-geraniol. Geraniol and citronellol were strongly repellent against the booklouse, L. bostrychophila, whereas citronellal and limonene exhibited weak repellency against the booklouse. Geraniol and citronellol exhibited comparable repellency against the booklouse relative to the positive control, DEET. Moreover, geraniol and citronellol exhibited stronger repellency against the red flour beetle than DEET, whereas the two other compounds showed the same level of repellency against the red flour beetle compared with DEET. 相似文献
16.
Gamma-linolenic acid is an essential fatty acid for humans with delta-6-desaturase deficiency; it is a precursor of prostaglandins, prostacyclins, and tromboxanes; and it has antiinflammatory and antitumoral effects. Tocopherols are natural antioxidants with biological activity, heart/vascular, and cancer protective properties. The oil, gamma-linolenic acid, and tocopherol contents, as well as tocopherol composition, were investigated in the seed oil of a collection of 47 accessions belonging to various species of the genus Ribes. Differences for oil content among species were not significant. The highest total tocopherol content was found in R. nigrum (mean, 1716 mg kg(-1) oil), followed by R. rubrum (mean, 1442 mg kg(-1) oil). R. grossularia showed the lowest values for this trait (mean, 786 mg kg(-1) oil). The three species also differed strongly for tocopherol composition. R. rubrumwas distinguished by a higher concentration of delta-tocopherol (mean, 20.2%); R. grossularia displayed the highest percentage of gamma-tocopherol (mean, 70.0%), and R. nigrum showed the highest concentration for alpha-tocopherol (mean, 34.8%), the most biologically active among the four tocopherols. Regarding gamma-linolenic acid, the highest content was found in R. nigrum, which exhibited up to 15.8% of this essential fatty acid in the oil. R. grossularia and R. rubrum showed mean gamma-linolenic acid contents of 8% and 6.2%, respectively. The present study indicated that seeds of Ribes species, especially R. nigrum, could be used as sources of gamma-linolenic acid and natural vitamin E. 相似文献
17.
Güllüce M Sökmen M Daferera D Ağar G Ozkan H Kartal N Polissiou M Sökmen A Sahin F 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(14):3958-3965
The present study was designated to evaluate the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the essential oil, obtained by using a Clevenger distillation apparatus, water soluble (polar) and water insoluble (nonpolar) subfractions of the methanol extracts from aerial parts of Satureja hortensis L. plants, and methanol extract from calli established from the seeds using Gamborg's B5 basal media supplemented with indole-3-butyric acid (1.0 ppm), 6-benzylaminopurine (N(6)-benzyladenine) (1.0 ppm), and sucrose (2.5%). The antimicrobial test results showed that the essential oil of S. hortensis had great potential antimicrobial activities against all 23 bacteria and 15 fungi and yeast species tested. In contrast, the methanol extract from callus cultures and water soluble subfraction of the methanol extract did not show antimicrobial activities, but the nonpolar subfraction had antibacterial activity against only five out of 23 bacterial species, which were Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus fecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella enteritidis, and Streptococcus pyogenes. Antioxidant studies suggested that the polar subfractions of the methanol extract of intact plant and methanol extract of callus cultures were able to reduce the stable free radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl to the yellow-colored diphenylpicrylhydrazine. In this assay, the strongest effect was observed for the tissue culture extract, with an IC(50) value of 23.76 +/- 0.80 microgram/mL, which could be compared with the synthetic antioxidant agent butylated hydroxytoluene. On the other hand, linoleic acid oxidation was 95% inhibited in the presence of the essential oil while the inhibition was 90% with the chloroform subfraction of the intact plant. The chemical composition of a hydrodistilled essential oil of S. hortensis was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC)/flame ionization detection (FID) and a GC-mass spectrometry system. A total 22 constituents representing 99.9% of the essential oil were identified by GC-FID analaysis. Thymol (29.0%), carvacrol (26.5%), gamma-terpinene (22.6%), and p-cymene (9.3%) were the main components. 相似文献
18.
Wong KK Signal FA Campion SH Motion RL 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(11):4633-4636
Of five commercial plant extracts (citronella, garlic oil, neem extract, pine oil, and pyrethrum), citronella was found to be effective in deterring the infestation of cartons containing muesli and wheat germ by red flour beetles. The chemical components were applied as part of a coating on the carton board. In an experimental set up that accelerates infestation over a 2 week period, citronella-treated cartons (0.2 g/m2 of carton board) reduced beetle infestation to approximately 50% of the level observed in control cartons. Evidence was provided to indicate that an insect repellent effect persists for at least 16 weeks. Additional work on the controlled release of the insect repellent would be required to prolong the effect. 相似文献