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1.
西藏野生芥菜型油菜生态性状相关分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
本研究在对27份西藏野生芥菜型油菜大田种植、常规考种的基础上,结合气候数据,采用相关分析方法,对野生芥菜型油菜种质生态性状的相关性进行了研究。结果表明：西藏野生芥菜型油菜单株产量和每株角果数主要受植株可遗传的生态性状的影响,与生态环境因子之间的关系不密切,而粒重的高低则主要受生态环境因子,特别是年均降水量的影响,但与植株可遗传的生态性状之间的关系不密切;对野生芥菜型油菜产量性状影响最大的是分枝性状,分枝性状的好坏主要受制于主茎性状,而主茎性状的生长发育较产量性状、分枝性状与气候性状的关系更为密切;单株产量主要是由1级分枝长度、2级分枝数与2级分枝发生高度引起的。典型相关分析和简单相关分析相比,更能在众多的相关变量间抓住主要矛盾,有效揭示两组性状间相关的本质,这对研究油菜的杂交优势利用和遗传育种有一定参考价值,同时也为研究其他农作物两组性状间的关系,揭示其内在本质提供了一条新的、更加有效的研究途径。  相似文献   

2.
西藏高原环境下印度芥菜型油菜农艺性状的典型相关分析   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  
为了调查西藏高原环境下,印度芥菜型油菜的农艺性状表现,本文以引进的20份印度芥菜型油菜为材料,采用单因素随机区组设计并结合典型相关分析方法,对其主茎性状(4个变量)、分枝性状(3个变量)、角果性状(3个变量)、生育期性状(4个变量)、产量性状(4个变量)等5组农艺性状(共含18个变量)间的典型相关关系进行了研究。结果表明:印度芥菜型油菜单株产量主要由单株有效角果数决定;影响印度芥菜型油菜产量性状最主要因素是角果性状,其次是分枝性状、生育期性状和主茎性状;印度芥菜型油菜在产量性状、角果性状、分枝性状、生育期性状、主茎性状等5组性状间均有密切的联系。本文所得结论可为引进印度芥菜型油菜新品种资源的开发和利用提供科学依据。  相似文献   

3.
为了调查西藏高原环境下, 印度芥菜型油菜的农艺性状表现, 本文以引进的20份印度芥菜型油菜为材料, 采用单因素随机区组设计并结合典型相关分析方法, 对其主茎性状(4个变量)、分枝性状(3个变量)、角果性状(3个变量)、生育期性状(4个变量)、产量性状(4个变量)等5组农艺性状(共含18个变量)间的典型相关关系进行了研究。结果表明: 印度芥菜型油菜单株产量主要由单株有效角果数决定; 影响印度芥菜型油菜产量性状最主要因素是角果性状, 其次是分枝性状、生育期性状和主茎性状; 印度芥菜型油菜在产量性状、角果性状、分枝性状、生育期性状、主茎性状等5组性状间均有密切的联系。本文所得结论可为引进印度芥菜型油菜新品种资源的开发和利用提供科学依据。  相似文献   

4.
本文以吉林省西部地区长岭县和通榆县为研究区域,探讨了半干旱地区小麦、燕麦与白菜、芥菜型油菜一年两茬种植模式的作物产量及经济效益,以期为适合当地的高效农作物栽培模式提供理论指导。研究以当地常规"玉米一年一茬"种植模式为对照,以小麦/白菜、小麦/芥菜型油菜和燕麦/芥菜型油菜一年两茬种植模式为试验处理,第一茬种植前青小麦、小冰麦、澳麦和加燕2号,第二茬种植白菜、芥辣菜和黑芥末。结果表明,一年两茬种植模式较玉米一年一茬种植模式作物总生长期延长了25～49 d,总产值提高了42.4%～94.0%。其中,加燕2号/芥辣菜和加燕2号/黑芥末种植模式的产值较高,分别达51 092元·hm~(-2)和50 042元·hm~(-2),是一年一茬玉米种植模式的1.94倍和1.90倍。加燕2号的最佳种植密度为245株·m~(-2),芥菜型油菜的最佳灌水量为4.52×104mm·hm~(-2)。因此,加燕2号/芥菜型油菜一年两茬种植模式适宜在吉林西部半干旱地区推广种植。  相似文献   

5.
西藏甘蓝型油菜种质资源匮乏。为探讨西藏春播条件下半冬性甘蓝型油菜的温光特性,提高其在高原春播区的利用价值,以18个半冬性甘蓝型油菜品种为材料,应用典型相关分析方法分析了春播条件下光温因子与半冬性甘蓝型油菜产量及农艺性状的典型相关性。结果表明:春播区光温因子与半冬性甘蓝型油菜的产量及农艺性状均有显著典型相关关系,不同生育时期起主导作用的光温因子不同:营养生长期光温因子与分枝性状典型相关,影响分枝数的主要光温因子是营养生长期的积温;蕾花期光温因子与主茎、分枝性状典型相关,影响主花序和主茎生长的主要光温因子是蕾花期累计日极端温差和总日照时数;角果成熟期光温因子与主茎、分枝、产量性状显著相关,影响单株有效角果数、千粒重的主要光温因子是角果成熟期累计日极端温差;角果期较长日照总时数可降低有效分枝高度,促进主花序伸长及单株产量的提高。西藏半冬性甘蓝型油菜的引种及新品种选育中,在早熟和"双低"特性的基础上应重点选育适应光照充足,能够忍耐极端温差的品种。农艺性状的选择应注重主花序长、二次有效分枝数、有效角果数和千粒重等具有较大潜力的品种。  相似文献   

6.
油菜适应性强、分布广,几乎全疆各地凡有农业的地区均可栽培。本文分析了气候条件对油菜产量、品质的影响,并在两者定量关系的基础上,以综合隶属度为主要指标,结合气候生产潜力,衡量各地气候的适宜程度,进行农业气候区划,提出新疆油菜栽培的合理布局方案,为充分利用气候资源提供科学依据。  相似文献   

7.
为探究早收栽培下不同胡萝卜素甘薯类群的食用品质差异,通过早收栽培试验,测定60个品系薯块的胡萝卜素、干物质、熟薯可溶性糖、熟薯还原糖含量及食味,比较不同的胡萝卜素类群及其薯块膨大类型和干物质类型的营养与食味差异,并对薯块营养成分、食味和产量性状的相关性进行分析。结果表明,早收栽培下高胡萝卜素类群的熟薯还原糖含量和食味有一定的优势,在食味指标上黏度优势极显著。高胡萝卜素类群早膨大类型营养与食味明显优于晚膨大类型,且食味与中胡萝卜素类群早膨大类型相当,极显著优于低胡萝卜素类群早膨大类型。高胡萝卜素类群中干物质类型的熟薯糖分和食味与中胡萝卜素类群中干物质类型相当,极显著优于高、中、低胡萝卜素类群的其它干物质类型。橘红肉甘薯的食味主要与熟薯可溶性糖含量和薯块膨大特性有关。因此,在早收栽培下,高胡萝卜素甘薯有较好的食用品质,其早收栽培时,宜选择薯块膨大早、干物质含量中等、熟薯可溶性糖含量超过12%的品种。本研究结果为高胡萝卜素甘薯的鲜食利用及其品种选择提供了依据。  相似文献   

8.
西藏主要农区农田土壤肥力研究   总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12  
西藏地质历史比较年轻,因而土壤的形成也较晚。由于喜马拉雅山造山运动和多次的冰期和间冰期的发生,青藏高原不断加速抬升,气候变干变冷。洪积物、坡积物、冰积物、湖积物和冰水沉积物在气候、生物、物理、化学和人类活动的作用下不断演变,在不同的地型部位形成多种类型的土壤,且具有鲜明的高原特色。耕地是土壤资源的精华,它是在自然土壤的基础上,经过长期的人类耕作、灌溉、施肥等措施逐步演化而成的,由于各地气候、成土母质、成土条件、耕作方式、栽培历史等的不同,耕地的类型、质量、肥力状况差异较大[1,2]。西藏全区共有耕地约32万hm2,…  相似文献   

9.
印度芥菜对土壤Cd,Pb的吸收富集效应及修复潜力研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
通过盆栽试验对比研究了印度芥菜(Brassica juncea)和油菜对复合污染土壤Cd,Pb的吸收富集效应及修复效率.初步探讨印度芥菜品种Wild Garden Pungent Mix净化重金属污染土壤的应用潜力.结果表明:Cd,Pb复合污染条件下,与油菜相比,印度芥菜对重金属Cd,Pb的抗耐性较强,地上部生物量较大,是同处理油菜的1.1～2.0倍.印度芥菜和油菜对重金属Cd,Pb的吸收富集表现出较为一致的特点,并且对土壤中重金属的吸收能力顺序均为Cd＞Pb,对土壤中Cd的吸收达到了100 mg/kg以上.表现出了超富集植物的特性.但相比之下,印度芥菜对土壤中Cd,Pb的吸收富集能力强于油菜.同时通过多元回归分析表明,两种植物对Cd,Pb的吸收不存在复合效应.本研究中,印度芥菜对Cd的净化率为0.35%～9.22%,是同处理下油菜的2.1～3.5倍;印度芥菜对Pb的净化率只有0.015%～0.356%,虽然是同处理下油菜的1.4～5.5倍,但远小于对Cd的净化率.研究表明,该品种印度芥菜具备应用于修复Cd污染土壤的潜力.  相似文献   

10.
通过田间试验对50个甘蓝型油菜基因型进行氮利用效率筛选,并将不同氮利用效率基因型在施氮（N 180 kg/hm2）和不施氮（N 0 kg/hm2）条件下的农艺性状和氮营养性状作了比较研究。结果表明,50个油菜基因型的氮利用效率具有显著差异,最大相差2.5倍（施氮）和1.7倍（不施氮）。油菜的农艺性状及氮素营养性状指标均表现出一定的基因型变异,其中第一个有效分枝高度变异系数最大,超过 50%,而籽粒含氮量的变异系数最小,只有 6% 左右。不论供氮水平高低,氮高效基因型的每角粒数,籽粒生物量,籽粒占地上部生物量的比例以及籽粒氮占地上部总氮的比例均高于氮低效基因型,第一个有效分枝高度则显著低于氮低效基因型。另外,油菜氮素利用效率与各器官含氮量、 茎叶氮素累积量、 果荚氮素累积量、 茎叶氮占地上部氮的比例和果荚氮占地上部氮的比例呈显著或极显著负相关,而不同氮效率基因型的地上部总生物量和地上部氮素累积总量则无显著差异。不同氮利用效率基因型的农艺性状和氮营养性状对氮肥的敏感性有显著差异。  相似文献   

11.
Wild melon diversity in India (Punjab State)   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  
We present here the first comprehensive genetic characterization of wild melon accessions from northern India. The genetic diversity among 43 wild melon accessions collected from the six agro-ecological regions of the Punjab State of India was assessed by measuring variation at 16 Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) loci, morphological traits of plant habit and fruit morphological traits, two yield-associated traits, root nematode resistance and biochemical composition (ascorbic acid, carotenoids, titrable acidity). Variation among accessions was observed in plant habit and fruit traits and wild melon germplasm with high acidity and elevated carotenoid content and possessing resistance to Meloidogyne incognita was identified in the collection. A high level of genetic variability in wild melon germplasm was suggested by SSR analysis. Comparative analysis using SSRs of the genetic variability between wild melons from the north and other melons from the south and east regions of India and also reference accessions of cultivated melon from Spain, Japan, Korea, Maldives, Iraq and Israel, showed regional differentiation among Indian melon accessions and that Indian germplasm was not closely related to melon accessions from other parts of the world. A highly drought tolerant accession belonging to var. agrestis Naud. was also identified.  相似文献   

12.
Wild potato germplasm represents a unique, diverse and accessible resource for disease and pest resistance, along with useful agronomic traits that may be introgressed into the cultivated potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Hybridization of diploid wild Solanum species with haploids (2×) of cultivated potato (4×) is generally an effective technique for introducing genetic diversity and desirable traits into potato. However, in this study, hybridization barriers were found in crosses between S. tuberosum haploids and the wild species S. raphanifolium. Male sterility, likely due to nuclear-cytoplasmic interactions, was observed in some haploid tbr?×?S. raphanifolium hybrids. In addition, pollen-pistil incompatibilities were observed in backcross, F2, and reciprocal cross hybridization attempts that failed to produce seed. More crosses were successful when F1 clones were crossed as females to wild clones than to cultivated clones. When crosses were made in the other direction, with F1 hybrids used as male parents, seeds were almost never produced.  相似文献   

13.
Breeding progress in black raspberry (Rubus occidentalis L.) has been limited by a lack of genetic diversity in elite germplasm. Black raspberry cultivars have been noted for showing very few phenotypic differences and seedlings from crosses between cultivars for a lack of segregation for important traits. Despite these challenges, little molecular work has been done to explore genetic diversity and relationships in wild and cultivated black raspberry germplasm. Microsatellite, or simple sequence repeat (SSR), markers are highly polymorphic codominant markers useful for studying genetic diversity, population genetics, genetic fingerprinting and other applications. We examined genetic diversity in 148 wild and cultivated black raspberry accessions using 21 polymorphic SSR markers. Black raspberry cultivars clustered tightly and showed higher than expected heterozygosity while that of wild accessions was low. Relationships between wild black raspberry accessions were poorly resolved and regional clusters were mostly absent from our analysis. Our results indicated that wild black raspberry germplasm is a relatively untapped resource available for future breeding.  相似文献   

14.
The wild Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. et Coss., systematically belonging to the genus Brassica L. in the Cruciferae family, has become a noxious weed for cropping systems nowadays. Here, simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were applied to investigate the genetic diversity, genetic structure and migration routes of the wild B. juncea populations in China. The results showed that a total of 90 alleles, with extensive allelic diversity, were observed at the 11 SSR loci of the wild B. juncea. The STRUCTURE analysis indicated that all the 25 wild populations were best described as belonging to two lineages. High Fst value (0.568), together with the partitioning, provided significant evidence for lineage differentiation in wild B. juncea. The high differentiation between the two lineages was, perhaps, due to limited gene flow (Nm?=?0.301) of this species. The analysis of molecular variance with distances among individuals corrected for the dominant nature of SSRs showed that most of the variation (59%) occurred within populations, and the remaining 41% variance was attributed to differences among populations. The distribution of diversity across China was significantly geographically dependent. NJ cluster analysis, based on genetic distance, grouped populations geographically, which further corroborated spatial pattern of two lineages. Based on these results, two routes were proposed for the migration of wild B. juncea in China after its origin from northwest China, heading east along the Yellow River or Yangtze River, respectively. We concluded that China, especially the northwest, is one of the primary origins of B. juncea.  相似文献   

15.
We investigated morphological evidence that might allow wild Pyrus spp. to be distinguished from cultivated material (Pyrus communis L.) in the North-eastern Iberian Peninsula. 134 pear trees were identified in the wild and characterized by 13 quantitative and 13 qualitative leaf–shoot and fruit traits. The trees were visually classified into two preliminary groups of wild and cultivated material and discriminant functions, based on a reference collection for allocating individuals to one of the groups, were constructed. Both classifications were compared with a near-optimal numerical classification (the two-stage Ward-MLM strategy) using two criteria. The visual assignment of trees allocated 60% of trees to the wild group and 40% to the cultivated group. The overall discrepancy rate between the field classification and the discriminant analysis was low (17.4%). In general, wild individuals had smaller leaves, shorter petioles and more rounded and smaller fruits than their cultivated counterparts. They also had small-to-intermediate petiole widths, thorns on their shoots and straight or convex fruit profiles. However, the Ward-MLM strategy always formed better groups, in terms of the two criteria used, in all the continuous and categorical variables, for both leaf–shoot and fruit traits. Likewise, the agreement between classifications (discriminant analysis and Ward-MLM strategy) was only partial, with some Ward-MLM groups composed of both wild and cultivated material in similar proportions. This result suggests a limited success in identifying genuine wild individuals based on morphometric data, which can be ascribed either to poor phenotypic diversity and lack of distinguishing traits among species or to widespread crossability and subsequent development of hybrid/introgressant populations between wild and cultivated specimens.  相似文献   

16.
Wild species of safflower, Carthamus oxyacanthus Bieb., is highly crossable with cultivated species, C. tinctorius L. and could be directly exploited in broadening safflower gene pool and improving the crop for biotic and abiotic stress environments. In this study, genetic diversity among accessions of C. oxyacanthus and their relationships with cultivated safflower were evaluated using agro-morphological traits and polymorphic inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR) markers. Significant variation was observed among accessions particularly for seeds per capitulum, seed yield per plant, harvest index and capitula per plant. Cluster analysis based on agro-morphological traits classified the wild accessions in two groups according to their geographical regions, and separated them from the cultivated genotypes. ISSR marker also revealed a high genetic variation among the accessions, and cluster analysis based on this marker divided genotypes into four groups, with cultivated ones in a separate clade. Genetic variation observed among the wild safflower germplasm at the DNA level was higher than the agro-morphological traits, indicating that ISSR is an effective marker system for detecting diversity among safflower genotypes and their genetic relationships. Accessions of C. oxyacanthus with high genetic relationship to cultivated species could be used for interspecific hybridization in breeding programs of safflower.  相似文献   

17.
为科学评价茄子种质资源,选取有代表性的茄子种质材料135份,开展茄子表型性状鉴定和黄萎病抗性分析。结果表明,供试材料存在丰富的表型变异,21个表型性状变异系数变幅为15.71%~89.86%,平均为40.09%;遗传多样性指数变幅为0.322~2.135,平均为1.348。主成分分析将21个表型性状归结为6个主因子,即果形、色泽、果重、生长势、株型和果实商品性,6个主因子累计贡献率达72.84%。基于表型数据的聚类,在Pearson相关系数0.061处,将供试材料分为4组,即栽培茄+近缘野生茄、近缘野生茄、大果型栽培茄、紫色长条形栽培茄。黄萎病抗性试验鉴定出抗病(R)材料9份、中抗(MR)材料6份、耐病材料11份,占供试材料的19.26%;在抗性材料中,仅3份为栽培种,其余均为近缘野生茄。本研究结果为茄子优异种质的发掘和有效利用提供了理论参考。  相似文献   

18.
Eleven cadmium-tolerant bacterial strains were isolated from the root zone of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czern.) seedlings grown in Cd-supplemented soils as well as sewage sludge and mining waste highly contaminated with Cd. The bacteria also showed increased tolerance to other metals including Zn, Cu, Ni and Co. The isolated strains included Variovorax paradoxus, Rhodococcus sp. and Flavobacterium sp., and were capable of stimulating root elongation of B. juncea seedlings either in the presence or absence of toxic Cd concentrations. Some of the strains produced indoles or siderophores, but none possessed C2H2-reduction activity. All the strains, except Flavobacterium sp. strain 5P-3, contained the enzyme 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase, which hydrolyses ACC (the immediate precursor of plant hormone ethylene) to NH3 and α-ketobutyrate. V. paradoxus utilized ACC as a sole source of N or energy. A positive correlation between the in vitro ACC deaminase activity of the bacteria and their stimulating effect on root elongation suggested that utilization of ACC is an important bacterial trait determining root growth promotion. The isolated bacteria offer promise as inoculants to improve growth of the metal accumulating plant B. juncea in the presence of toxic Cd concentrations and for the development of plant-inoculant systems useful for phytoremediation of polluted soils.  相似文献   

19.
In this study, two gene fragments corresponding to the VvMYBA1 and VvMYBA2 loci were sequenced on a sample of grapes including cultivated and wild accessions originating from Tunisia, Germany and France. A total of 42 SNPs were detected in the sequenced fragments giving an average of 1 SNP every 33 bp. High level of polymorphism was observed in the samples either in cultivated or wild accessions. Pattern of nucleotide diversity indicates a non departure from neutrality expectations for wild grapevine sample for gene VvMYBA1 and VvMYBA2 and for cultivated sample for gene VvMYBA1. However, a linkage to a selective sweep was revealed for cultivated grapevine gene pool in gene VvMYBA2. A genetic structure of the studied sample according to accession taxonomic status was revealed by the UPGMA clustering with a considerable overlap. This result was confirmed by significant but low genetic differentiation values between cultivated and wild sample. The number of migrants Nm based on sequence data information between Tunisian cultivars and Tunisian wild accessions showed a low level of gene flow between those germplasms. This finding indicates that Tunisian cultivars do not derive directly from local wild populations but could mostly correspond to imported materials introduced during historical times. However, the possibility that some cultivars derived from ancestral events of local domestication or cross hybridization with native wild plants was not completely excluded for Tunisian grapevine accessions.  相似文献   

20.
Studying molecular genetic relationships can substantially contribute to the understanding of the pathways of domestication of a species. Although an increasing number of molecular genetic studies have been performed on Lablab purpureus (hyacinth bean), many covered germplasm of restricted geographic origin or limited intra-specific systematic position. Integrating the molecular diversity found with phenotypic or morpho-agronomic diversity is also deficient. This investigation combines findings of eight molecular genetic studies that include about 400 accessions of both wild and cultivated germplasm, thus providing the largest assessment of diversity in Lablab purpureus to date. In particular, results from a recent molecular investigation (Robotham and Chapman 2015) are revisited and reinterpreted by integrating them with known phenotypic diversity. Wild accessions clearly fall into two types, with characteristic pods—2-seeded and 4-seeded. The large majority of cultivated types are more closely related to 4-seeded pod-types. Certain cultivated 2-seeded pod-type accessions from Ethiopia are genetically closer to wild 2-seeded pod-types. These two major phenotypes are reflected in two chloroplast DNA haplotypes A and B. Hence, two domestication events appear to exist in L. purpureus based on this combined data. No other geographic patterns of diversity, which might assist to trace the dispersal of L. purpureus, were found as cultivated accessions predominantly fell into 2-3 major groups. In all studies, the greatest genetic diversity was found in Africa, making Ethiopia one of the probable centers of domestication.  相似文献   

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