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1.
嘧菌酯对番茄早疫病菌的抑制作用 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
采用菌丝生长速率法和孢子萌发法分别测定了嘧菌酯对番茄早疫病菌Alternaria solani菌丝生长的抑制作用及其对分生孢子萌发的影响,同时测定了其对菌丝呼吸速率的影响。结果表明,嘧菌酯抑制番茄早疫病菌分生孢子萌发的作用强于对菌丝生长的抑制作用。抑制菌丝生长的剂量-反应曲线与抑制菌丝呼吸的剂量-反应曲线趋势相似,但菌丝在经嘧菌酯处理5~7 h后呼吸速率恢复到对照水平,相比之下,嘧菌酯却能一直抑制菌丝的生长。因此,采用孢子萌发法测定番茄早疫病菌对嘧菌酯的敏感性比用菌丝生长速率法测定更为适宜。水杨肟酸与嘧菌酯在抑制番茄早疫病菌菌丝生长和分生孢子萌发方面有协同作用,对菌丝生长的平均协同系数为7.24。随处理时间延长,药剂对菌丝耗氧的抑制作用下降,但仍抑制菌丝生长。研究表明:呼吸作用对药剂的敏感性随着处理的延长而下降的机理不是因为旁路氧化途径增强, 也不是因为基质中药剂效力的下降,而是存在其它机制。 相似文献
2.
嘧菌酯对油菜菌核病菌的抗菌活性及抗菌机制研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
测定了嘧菌酯对油菜菌核病菌Sclerotinia sclerotiorum菌丝生长、菌核产生和菌丝呼吸作用的影响。结果表明,嘧菌酯对油菜菌核病菌菌丝生长具有明显的抑制作用,且药剂处理浓度在1.0 μg/mL 时能显著抑制其菌核产量。旁路氧化酶专化抑制剂水杨肟酸(SHAM)对嘧菌酯的抗菌活性有显著的协同作用,协同增效系数达到3.27~14.13倍。药剂处理后48 h内,嘧菌酯抑制菌丝生长的剂量曲线与抑制菌丝呼吸的耗氧速率曲线趋势相似;48 h以后,单位质量菌丝耗氧速率上升,且高于空白对照,而菌丝的生长量并没有增加,表明菌丝体正常呼吸作用受嘧菌酯抑制48 h 后会发生耗氧增强的生理应急反应。水杨肟酸在嘧菌酯处理后1 h内对菌丝呼吸没有抑制作用,但在嘧菌酯处理1 h后对菌丝呼吸表现为抑制作用,表明油菜菌核病菌菌丝在以细胞色素为载体的呼吸链的电子传递受到嘧菌酯阻断后,可以诱导耗氧更高的旁路氧化途径。 相似文献
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4.
Efficacy of certain fungicides and non-conventional chemicals against Aspergillus spp. contamination and subsequent aflatoxin production in rice was investigated. Among the 10 fungicides tested, carbendazim, contaf plus, folicur, propiconazole and saaf completely inhibited the growth of all Aspergillus spp. and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) production at 1 g or ml/kg concentration. Of the five non-conventional chemicals tested, benzoic acid effectively inhibited the mycelial growth of Aspergillus flavus (72%) at 4 g/kg, completely inhibited the Aspergillus parasiticus and Aspergillus niger even at 1 g/kg and Aspergillus ochraceus at 4 g/kg concentration. Vanillin completely reduced the AFB1 production at 4 g/kg of seed followed by sodium chloride with out inhibiting the mycelial growth. This study reveals that fungicides and non-conventional chemicals had effectively inhibited the mycelial growth of Aspergillus spp. and AFB1 production in rice. 相似文献
5.
禾谷镰孢菌对戊唑醇抗药性的诱导及抗性菌株特性研究 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
通过紫外线诱导获得了8株对戊唑醇具有不同抗性水平的禾谷镰孢菌Fusarium graminearum抗药突变体,其抗性倍数均≥30倍,最高达到186.03倍。将抗药突变体在无药培养基上继代培养9代后,其抗性倍数逐渐下降,抗药性可能不能稳定遗传。与亲本菌株相比,抗药突变体在菌落生长速率、菌丝干重、对温度和pH值的敏感性方面均有所下降,推测禾谷镰孢菌对戊唑醇可能具有中等或高抗药性风险。室内交互抗性测定结果表明,戊唑醇对苯醚甲环唑、多菌灵、异菌脲、百菌清及福美双均无交互抗性。 相似文献
6.
首次研究分析了灰葡萄孢霉菌群体中旁路氧化与菌丝生长对嘧菌酯敏感性之间的关系。结果表明,旁路氧化酶的专化性抑制剂水杨肟酸(SHAM)对不同菌株菌丝生长的影响不同:50 μg /mL SHAM对采自浙江、江苏、山东三地的142株灰葡萄孢霉菌菌丝生长的抑制率在-29.03% ~48.33%之间,平均为10.49%。SHAM处理对嘧菌酯抑制菌丝生长的活性表现出明 显的协同增效作用:无SHAM时,嘧菌酯对上述群体菌丝生长的EC50(EC50Q)值在0.20~51.48 μg /mL 之间,平均为6.56 μg /mL;当SHAM浓度为50 μg /mL时,EC50 值在0.04~5.25 μg /mL 之间,平均为2.21 μg /mL。旁路氧化的相对贡献值F 最低为0.17,最高为24.40,平均为3.19。另外,少数在没有SHAM存在时对嘧菌酯表现"耐药性"的菌株在SHAM存在下对嘧菌酯也很敏感。 相似文献
7.
嘧菌酯对扁豆纹枯病的物理作用方式及其生物动力学特性 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以多菌灵和福美双为对照药剂,测定了嘧菌酯对立枯丝核菌Rhizoctonia solani的抑制活性,并用离体叶片法测定了嘧菌酯对该病原菌引起的扁豆纹枯病的物理作用方式及其生物动力学特性。嘧菌酯、多菌灵和福美双对立枯丝核菌菌丝生长的EC50值分别为0.072 4、1.134 4和1.202 6 μg/mL。施药后立即接种, 250 μg /mL嘧菌酯、500 μg /mL多菌灵和1 000 μg /mL福美双对扁豆纹枯病的保护效果分别为95.61％、99.88％和81.45％;施药3 d后再接种,嘧菌酯、多菌灵和福美双对扁豆纹枯病的保护效果分别为92.27％、100％和46.96％;接种36 h后再施药,3种药剂对扁豆纹枯病的治疗效果分别为90.40％、95.75％和61.94％。表明嘧菌酯对扁豆纹枯病具有很好的保护作用、持效性和治疗作用。在叶片基部施药后在顶部接种,嘧菌酯、多菌灵和福美双对扁豆纹枯病的防治效果分别为87.81％、42.09％和7.24％;在叶片背面施药后在正面接种,3种药剂对扁豆纹枯病的保护效果分别为87.30％、37.00％和16.15％。表明嘧菌酯在扁豆叶片中具有很好的木质部输导和跨层转移活性。 相似文献
8.
Sharif M. Al-Reza Atiqur Rahman Sun Chul Kang 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2010,96(2):86-92
The efficacy of the essential oil and various organic extracts from flowers of Cestrum nocturnum L. was evaluated for controlling the growth of some important phytopathogenic fungi. The oil (1000 ppm) and the organic extracts (1500 μg/disc) revealed antifungal effects against Botrytis cinerea, Colletotrichum capsici, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, Phytophthora capsici, Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in the growth inhibition range of 59.2-80.6% and 46.6-78.9%, respectively, and their MIC values were ranged from 62.5 to 500 and 125 to 1000 μg/mL. The essential oil had a remarkable effect on spore germination of all the plant pathogens with concentration and time-dependent kinetic inhibition of P. capsici. Further, the oil displayed remarkable in vivo antifungal effect up to 82.4-100% disease suppression efficacy on greenhouse-grown pepper plants. The results obtained from this study may contribute to the development of new antifungal agents to protect the crops from fungal diseases. 相似文献
9.
J. Sudisha 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2005,81(3):188-197
Three commercial formulations of strobilurins, viz., azoxystrobin, kresoxim-methyl, and trifloxystrobin were evaluated for their efficacy against pearl millet downy mildew disease caused by Sclerospora graminicola. In vitro studies revealed inhibition of S. graminicola sporulation, zoospore release, and zoospore motility at 0.1-2 μg ml−1 of all the three fungicides. The fungicides were evaluated for phytotoxic effects on seed quality parameters and for their effectiveness against downy mildew disease by treating pearl millet by: (1) seed dressing, (2) seed dressing followed by foliar spray, and (3) also by foliar spray alone. The highest non-phytotoxic concentrations of 5, 10, and 10 μg ml−1 for azoxystrobin, trifloxystrobin, and kresoxim-methyl, respectively, were selected for further studies. Under greenhouse conditions, these fungicides showed varying degrees of protection against downy mildew disease. Among the three fungicides, azoxystrobin proved to be the best by offering disease protection of 66%. Further, seed treatment along with foliar application of these fungicides to diseased plants showed enhanced protection against the disease to 93, 82, and 62% in treatments of azoxystrobin, kresoxim-methyl and trifloxystrobin respectively. Foliar spray alone provided significant increase in disease protection levels of 91, 79, and 59% in treatments of azoxystrobin, kresoxim-methyl, and trifloxystrobin, respectively. Disease curative activity of azoxystrobin was higher compared to trifloxystrobin and kresoxim-methyl. Tested fungicides showed weaker translaminar activity, as the disease inhibition was marginal when applied on adaxial leaf surface. Partial systemic activity of azoxystrobin was evident by root uptake, while trifloxystrobin and kresoxim-methyl showed lack of systemic action in pearl millet. A trend in protection against downy mildew disease similar to greenhouse results was evident in the field trials. Grain yield was significantly increased in all strobilurin fungicide treatments over control and maximum increase in yield of 1673 kg ha−1 was observed in combination treatments of seed treatment and foliar spray with azoxystrobin. 相似文献
10.
采用菌丝生长速率法和孢子萌发法测定了烟草赤星病菌Alternaria alternata对6种杀菌剂(氟硅唑、异菌脲、菌核净、嘧菌酯、醚菌酯及多菌灵)的敏感性。结果表明:6种杀菌剂对烟草赤星病菌菌丝生长和分生孢子萌发均表现出了不同程度的抑制活性。其中,对菌丝生长抑制活性最强的是氟硅唑,EC50平均值为(0.34±0.11)mg/L,其次为菌核净[(1.13±0.68)mg/L]和异菌脲[(2.08±0.24)mg/L];对分生孢子萌发抑制活性最强的是嘧菌酯协同100 mg/L水杨肟酸,EC50平均值为(0.28±0.09)mg/L,其次分别为单独处理的嘧菌酯[(5.79±2.76)mg/L]、醚菌酯[(11.93±3.93)mg/L]、菌核净[(19.95±15.94)mg/L]和异菌脲[(23.33±11.33)mg/L]。多菌灵对烟草赤星病菌菌丝生长和分生孢子萌发的抑制活性均最差,不宜用于烟草赤星病的防治,而异菌脲、氟硅唑、嘧菌酯和醚菌酯均有必要进一步针对烟草赤星病进行田间防效试验。 相似文献
11.
采用菌丝生长速率法,测定了水杨肟酸 (SHAM) 对草坪草夏季斑枯病菌Magnaporthe poae菌丝生长及其对嘧菌酯敏感性的影响,并在此基础上测定了采自北京地区的114株夏季斑枯病菌对嘧菌酯的敏感性;扩增并分析了夏季斑枯病菌细胞色素b基因 (Cytb) 部分序列,以期探寻该病原菌对嘧菌酯敏感性下降的分子机制。结果显示:不同浓度SHAM对菌丝生长的抑制作用差异显著 (F = 20.812,P < 0.000 1);添加SHAM (40 μg/mL) 与否,嘧菌酯对菌丝生长的抑制中浓度 (EC50) 无显著差异 (F = 0.041 0,P = 0.842 3)。嘧菌酯对供试114株菌株的EC50值范围为0.001 0~0.146 5 μg/mL,平均值为 (0.017 4 ± 0.026 1) μg/mL。供试夏季斑枯病菌对嘧菌酯的敏感性频率不符合正态性分布 (W = 0.499 7, P < 0.05),表明群体中已出现对嘧菌酯敏感性下降的亚群体;连续单峰频次分布为70.18%的菌株 (W = 0.970 8,P = 0.064 0 > 0.05) 的平均EC50值为 (0.007 8 ± 0.003 7) μg/mL,该值可作为夏季斑枯病菌对嘧菌酯的相对敏感性基线。比对分析获得夏季斑枯病菌Cytb的部分序列 (8 639 bp),进一步扩增发现对嘧菌酯敏感性存在差异的12株菌株均在该序列上紧临143位密码子处插入了一段长1 956 bp的内含子,且在Cytb的129、137和143位密码子上未出现与抗性相关的点突变。上述结果可为草坪草夏季斑枯病的有效防治提供依据,同时可为深入探寻病原菌对甲氧基丙烯酸酯类 (QoIs) 杀菌剂敏感性下降的分子机制提供参考。 相似文献
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Molecular and biochemical characterization of boscalid resistance in laboratory mutants of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum 
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下载免费PDF全文 The plant‐pathogenic fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum has a broad host range and a worldwide distribution. Boscalid, an inhibitor of succinate dehydrogenase in the electron transport chain of fungi, is highly effective in controlling sclerotinia stem rot caused by S. sclerotiorum. The current study characterized the S. sclerotiorum boscalid‐resistant (BR) mutants obtained by fungicide induction. Among the bioactive fungicides against S. sclerotiorum, cross‐resistance was not detected between boscalid and dimethachlon, fluazinam or carbendazim; positive cross‐resistance was detected between boscalid and carboxin; and negative cross‐resistance was detected between boscalid and kresoxim‐methyl. Compared to their parental isolates, BR mutants had slower radial growth, no ability to produce sclerotia, lower virulence and oxalic acid content but higher mycelial respiration and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity. Moreover, BR mutants had decreased sensitivity to salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM) but not to oxidative stress. All the results indicated that the risk of resistance to boscalid in S. sclerotiorum is low to moderate. DNA sequence analysis showed that all of the BR mutants had the same point mutation A11V (GCA to GTA) in the iron sulphur protein subunit (SDHB). Interestingly, expression of the cytochrome b (cytb) gene was reduced to different degrees in the BR mutants, and this might be correlated with the negative cross‐resistance between boscalid and kresoxim‐methyl. Such information is vital in the design of resistance management strategies. 相似文献
13.
浙江省柑橘绿霉病菌对嘧菌酯的敏感性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用孢子萌发法和生长速率法测定了2000~2006年间采自浙江衢州、杭州、金华、丽水的65个柑橘绿霉病病菌Penicillium digitatum菌株对嘧菌酯的敏感性。结果表明:嘧菌酯对供试菌株 孢子萌发和菌丝生长的EC50值均呈单峰分布,分别介于0.020 1 ~0.260 0 μg/mL和0.005 3 ~0.079 4 μg/mL 之间,平均值分别为0.042 6 μg/mL 和0.025 0 μg/mL。敏感性频次分析结果表明,该65个菌株孢子萌发和菌丝生长对嘧菌酯的敏感性频率分布均符合正态分布,其EC50平均值0.042 6±0.030 4 μg/mL 和0.025 0±0.012 9 μg/mL可分别作为柑橘绿霉病菌孢子萌发和菌丝生长对嘧菌酯的敏感基线。 相似文献
14.
Zhonghua Ma 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2003,77(2):66-74
Failure to control Alternaria late blight in a few California pistachio orchards was observed after only 3-4 years of consecutive applications of azoxystrobin-based fungicide programs. A total of 72 isolates of Alternaria alternata, Alternaria tenuissima, and Alternaria arborescens, the causal organisms of Alternaria late blight, were collected from pistachio orchards with (58 isolates) and without (14 isolates) a prior history of azoxystrobin applications. The sensitivity to azoxystrobin was determined in conidial germination assays. Isolates from orchards with a history of azoxystrobin applications had EC50 values greater than 100 μg/ml, whereas isolates from orchards without a prior history of azoxystrobin usage had EC50 values ranging from 0.008 to 0.045 μg/ml. Azoxystrobin resistance correlated with a single mutation in the cytochrome b (cyt b) gene causing a change of glycine to alanine at amino acid position 143. A pair of PCR primers AF and AR was developed that amplified a 226-bp DNA fragment of the cyt b gene containing the mutation site from all three Alternaria species but not from 30 other fungal species frequently found on pistachio. PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis using the restriction enzyme Fnu4HI allowed differentiation of the PCR fragment of wild type cyt b gene from that of mutated gene. This method will aid in a fast detection of azoxystrobin resistance in these three Alternaria species. 相似文献
15.
番茄叶霉病菌异菌脲抗药性突变体的诱导与生物学性状 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
测定了苯并咪唑类杀菌剂敏感-乙霉威抗性(BenS-DieR)、苯并咪唑类杀菌剂抗性-乙霉威敏感(BenR-DieS)和苯并咪唑类杀菌剂抗性-乙霉威抗性(BenR-DieR)3种类型的番茄叶霉病菌Cladosporium fulvum菌株对不同类型药剂的敏感性。结果表明,蕃茄叶霉病菌对供试药剂的敏感性与其对苯并咪唑类杀菌剂及乙霉威的敏感性无关。根据药剂对3类菌株EC50值的平均值, 16种杀菌剂抑制菌丝生长的活性依次为腐霉利＞乙烯菌核利＞异菌脲＞戊唑醇＞百菌清＞嘧霉胺＞醚菌酯＞代森锰锌＞8-羟基喹啉铜＞丙环唑＞苯醚甲环唑＞嘧菌酯＞灭锈胺＞烯酰吗啉＞烟酰胺＞三唑酮;抑制孢子萌发的活性依次为醚菌酯＞腐霉利＞百菌清＞乙烯菌核利＞灭锈胺＞8-羟基喹啉铜＞异菌脲＞代森锰锌＞嘧菌酯＞烟酰胺＞嘧霉胺＞戊唑醇＞丙环唑＞苯醚甲环唑＞三唑酮＞烯酰吗啉。通过紫外诱变共获得17株抗异菌脲突变体,突变频率为4.5×10-7。其中低抗、中抗和高抗菌株分别占 17.65%、70.59%和11.75%。这些突变体对腐霉利和乙烯菌核利表现交互抗性,对苯并咪唑类、脱甲基抑制剂(DMIs)、QoIs等药剂的敏感性与亲本菌株之间没有显著性差异,与亲本菌株在生长、产孢、致病能力等方面也无显著差异,但对渗透胁迫的敏感性要显著高于亲本。 相似文献
16.
Alternaria spp. cause leaf spot of almond and Alternaria late blight of pistachio in California, and azoxystrobin is a strobilurin fungicide that has been registered for the control of these diseases. To date, only a single point mutation of G143A in cytochrome b resulting to azoxystrobin resistance in Alternaria spp. was found in California. Based on this single point mutation, a real-time PCR assay was developed to quantify the frequency of the resistant allele G143A (FA) in pathogen samples taken from orchards. Forty-one almond and pistachio orchards were arbitrarily selected in eight counties of California. Fifty leaf lesions caused by Alternaria spp. per orchard were cut to extract the fungal DNA for a real-time PCR assay to determine the FA. About 88% of 41 surveyed orchards had Alternaria spp. with FA > 0.90, while six pistachio orchards showed a FA < 0.90. Therefore, azoxystrobin-resistant Alternaria populations are predominant in almond and pistachio orchards in California, and sprays of azoxystrobin to control Alternaria diseases are not recommended in these orchards. This study shows a potential use of a real-time PCR assay to efficiently quantify the frequency of azoxystrobin-resistant Alternaria spp. from large number of samples. 相似文献
17.
Antifungal activity of oligochitosan against nine phytopathogens was investigated in vitro. Oligochitosan was more effective than chitosan in inhibiting mycelial growth of Phytophthora capsici and its inhibition on different stages in life cycle of P. capsici was observed. Rupture of released zoospores induced by oligochitosan was reduced by addition of 100 mM glucose. The effects of oligochitosan on mycelial growth and zoospore release, but not zoospore rupture, were reduced largely when pH value was above 7. The ultrastructural study showed that oligochitosan caused distortion and disruption of most vacuoles, thickening of plasmalemma, and appearance of unique tubular materials. Plasmalemmasomes in hyphal tip cells were not found in the presence of oligochitosan. These results suggest polycationic nature of oligochitosan contributes only partly to its antifungal activity and multiple modes of action of oligochitosan exist including the disruption of endomembrane system. 相似文献
18.
Stem rot caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a major fungal disease of canola worldwide. In Australia the management of stem rot relies primarily on strategic application of synthetic fungicides. In an attempt to find alternative strategies for the management of the disease, 514 naturally occurring bacterial isolates were screened for antagonism to S. sclerotiorum. Antifungal activity against mycelial growth of the fungus was exhibited by three isolates of bacteria. The bacteria were identified as Bacillus cereus (SC‐1 and P‐1) and Bacillus subtilis (W‐67) via 16S rRNA sequencing. In vitro antagonism assays using these isolates resulted in significant inhibition of mycelial elongation and complete inhibition of sclerotial germination by both non‐volatile and volatile metabolites. The antagonistic strains caused a significant reduction in the viability of sclerotia when tested in a greenhouse pot trial with soil collected from the field. Spray treatments of bacterial strains reduced disease incidence and yielded higher control efficacy both on inoculated cotyledons and stems. Application of SC‐1 and W‐67 in the field at 10% flowering stage (growth stage 4·00) of canola demonstrated that control efficacy of SC‐1 was significantly higher in all three trials (over 2 years) when sprayed twice at 7‐day intervals. The greatest control of disease was observed with the fungicide Prosaro® 420SC or with two applications of SC‐1. The results demonstrated that, in the light of environmental concerns and increasing cost of fungicides, B. cereus SC‐1 may have potential as a biological control agent of sclerotinia stem rot of canola in Australia. 相似文献
19.
纳他霉素对灰葡萄孢不同生育阶段菌体的毒力及其生物学性状的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以多菌灵为对照药剂,采用生长速率法、悬滴法和浸渍法分别测定了不同温度下纳他霉素对灰葡萄孢Botrytis cinerea菌丝生长、分生孢子萌发和菌核萌发的毒力,研究了常温下两种药剂对菌株产孢和菌核形成的影响。结果表明:纳他霉素及多菌灵对灰葡萄孢不同生育阶段菌体的抑制作用随温度降低而有不同程度增强;分生孢子对药剂最为敏感;温度对药剂对菌丝毒力的影响最显著;多菌灵对菌株不同发育阶段的抑制活性均高于纳他霉素。供试药剂对菌株产孢时间和菌核产生时间无显著影响,但多菌灵可显著刺激菌株产孢和菌核形成。 相似文献
20.
Pre- and post-infection activities of phosphonate and fungicides (azoxystrobin, chlorothalonil, cyazofamid, copper hydroxide, and copper sulfate) against white powdery rot on fig leaves caused by Phytophthora palmivora were determined. Phosphonate and fungicides were applied at 3, 7, or 14 days before inoculation and 16, 24, or 40 h after inoculation. Phosphonate and four fungicides (except for chlorothalonil) had protectant activity for up to 14 days before inoculation. Protectant activity between phosphonate and the four fungicides did not differ significantly. These fungicides did not have a curative activity, whereas only phosphonate had a curative activity when applied 16 h after inoculation. The pre-infection activity of phosphonate was determined in fig fields. Phosphonate provided excellent protectant activity, and its activity did not differ significantly from that of the copper fungicides. The activity of phosphonate in the life cycle of P. palmivora was compared with that of the five fungicides. Half-maximal effective concentration of the inhibition of mycelial growth was low for phosphonate, chlorothalonil, and the two copper fungicides. Mycelial growth was least affected by azoxystrobin and cyazofamid, but n-propyl gallate, an alternative oxidase inhibitor, in combination with these fungicides, significantly inhibited mycelial growth. Sporangium formation was sensitive to all compounds. Germination of encysted zoospores was sensitive to azoxystrobin, cyazofamid, and chlorothalonil and least sensitive to phosphonate and the two copper fungicides. The activity of phosphonate on mycelial growth and sporulation of P. palmivora suggests it has potential for controlling the disease. 相似文献