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1.
用不同浓度的ZnCl2对盐胁迫下成县迟蒜鳞茎种子进行处理,对大蒜鳞茎种子萌发、幼苗生长和幼苗中渗透调节物质的含量及4种抗氧化酶活性进行了测定.结果表明,在单一NaCl胁迫下,大蒜鳞茎种子萌发和幼苗的生长受到严重抑制,添加不同浓度ZnCl2后,大蒜鳞茎种子萌发率和幼苗的耐盐性明显增强.添加浓度为10-5 mol/L时,大蒜鳞茎种子萌发率、萌发指数和芽长、根长、发根数以及幼苗鲜重、苗干重、根鲜重、根干重和根体积、抗氧化酶SOD、POD、CAT和APX活性达到最大,可溶性糖、脯氨酸和丙二醛含量降到最低.因此,外源ZnCl2缓解NaCl胁迫对大蒜鳞茎种子萌发和幼苗伤害的最适浓度为10-5 mol/L. 相似文献
2.
肌苷对绿豆种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究不同浓度肌苷对绿豆种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响,为其应用于植物生长调节提供参考。通过室内水培试验,分别设定100~500mg/L五组不同浓度的肌苷处理,测定绿豆种子发芽和植株生长的相关指标。与对照相比,不同浓度肌苷浸种均促进了绿豆种子的萌发和生长,绿豆的发芽势、发芽率、根长、叶长、叶宽、鲜重和干重有不同程度提高,根冠比降低。不同浓度处理中,以400mg/L处理的幼苗发芽势和发芽率最高,分别为95.8%和97.9%;以300mg/L处理鲜重、总干重和根干重最高,播种8、10天后以200mg/L和400mg/L处理的幼苗根长、叶长、叶宽最高。利用肌苷浸种可促进绿豆种子萌发和幼苗生长,且浓度为200~400mg/L肌苷更能够在不同程度上有益于苗期生长并提高产量。 相似文献
3.
Rabiul Alom Md. Abu Hasan Md. Rabiul Islam Qing-Feng Wang 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2016,19(5):383-392
Screening of wheat genotypes as salt tolerance through seed germination and early seedling growth is crucial for their evaluation. Seeds of 20 wheat genotypes were germinated in Petri dishes on a sand bed irrigated with saline (15 dS m-1) and control solutions for 10 days and also tested at different salinity levels (control, 4, 6, 8, and 10 dS m-1) which were artificially developed in the soil for 30 days. At 10 days, germination percentage, rate of germination, co-efficient of germination, germination vigor index, shoot length, root length, and seedling dry weight were found to be affected due to salinity. Salt tolerance index (STI) for seedling dry weight maintained a significant positive correlation with rate of germination, germination vigor index, shoot length, and root length, which indicates that these parameters could be used as selection criteria for screening wheat genotypes against salt stress. Significant differences in shoot length, root length, and seedling dry weight in 30-day-old seedlings were observed among selected wheat genotypes as well. From the overall observation of germination characters and early seedling growth, it was concluded that the wheat genotypes including Gourab, Shatabdi, Bijoy, Prodip, BARI Gom 26, BAW 1186, and BAW 1189 showed better salt tolerance as compared to others. 相似文献
4.
采用二因素随机区组试验设计,通过测定苗鲜重、根鲜重、苗干重、根干重、叶片数、株高、茎粗、根长、根条数、节长、节数和叶面积等生长指标,研究了品种和外植体对马铃薯脱毒试管苗生物量,地上部和地下部的影响。研究结果表明:3个不同成熟期品种、3种不同外植体部位对马铃薯单株根鲜重、苗干重、根干重、株高、茎粗、节长和根冠比影响有显著性交互作用(p<0.05),说明不同品种和外植体对马铃薯脱毒试管苗生长发育有直接影响,其余性状受品种和外植体交互作用影响不显著;3个不同成熟期品种马铃薯的苗鲜重、根鲜重、苗干重、根干重、叶片数、茎粗、节长、节数、根冠比和根条数受品种影响显著(p<0.05),其余性状受品种影响不显著;3种不同外植体处理对马铃薯的根鲜重、苗干重、根干重、株高、茎粗、节数、叶面积和根冠比有显著性影响(p<0.05),其余性状受3种外植体的影响不显著。其中,以一个节段转接最有利于马铃薯脱毒试管苗的生长。 相似文献
5.
In semiarid regions of the Mediterranean basin, water and salinity stresses restrict crop establishment. The effects of salt and water stress on seed germination and early embryo growth (radicle and shoot growth) were investigated in laboratory in two cultivars of sweet sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] – cv. ‘90‐5‐2′ and cv. ‘Keller’ – to verify how these stresses may limit crop growth during the very early stages of growing season. Six water potentials (ψ) of the imbibition solution (from 0 to ?1.0 MPa) in NaCl or polyethylene glycol (PEG) for salt and water stress tests, respectively, were studied. Daily germination was recorded, and radicle and shoot lengths and dry weights (DWs) were measured 2 days after initial germination. Seed germination was reduced (8–30% lower than control) by water stress at ψ 相似文献
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7.
B. Murillo-Amador A. Cortés-Avila E. Troyo-Diéguez A. Nieto-Garibay & H. G. Jones 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2001,187(4):269-279
The effects of salinity on the growth and production of `nopalitos' (young cladode sprouts) of Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill. cv. Copena V-1 were investigated. Salinity (NaCl) irrigation levels with electrical conductivities of 2, 5, 10, 13, 18 and 21 dS m–1 were used. In general, all cladode variables (stem area, number of young cladodes, length and width of cladodes, and fresh and dry weights) decreased with increasing salinity. The root-to-stem ratio and young cladode water content decreased significantly as salinity increased. Other variables that decreased with increasing salinity included harvest index, relative growth rate, stem area ratio, dry mass accumulation, and Na+ and Cl– concentrations. For rooted cladodes, increased salinity decreased fresh weight, succulence, and root fresh weight, dry weight and length. Our conclusions suggest that this species is salt sensitive; however, there is some indication that it could be effectively managed in saline environments. Further studies and evaluation of different cultivars are needed to identify the mechanism of adaptation of salt tolerance in this species. 相似文献
8.
为了探讨超级稻新品种‘松粳15’在盐胁迫条件下的种子发芽特性,采用NaCl单盐胁迫,设置50、100、150、200 mmol/L 4个浓度梯度进行人工气候箱培养,调查分析了发芽势、发芽率、苗长、根长、主根数、苗鲜重、根鲜重、苗干重、根干重等发芽指标。结果表明：盐胁迫导致‘松粳15’发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数下降,并且随着盐浓度的升高逐渐降低,苗长和主根数受到抑制,根长随着盐浓度增加呈先增后降的趋势,苗鲜重和苗干重低于对照,根鲜重和根干重高于对照,通过对盐浓度与发芽特性指标相关分析,盐浓度与根鲜重、根干重极显著正相关,与苗长、根数、苗干重、芽势、芽率呈极显著负相关。 相似文献
9.
The identification of genotypes having potential salt tolerance is an effective approach to solve the problems of saline soils.
Seed germination and seedling establishment are limiting factors in crop production. Seven wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) and one Triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmak) genotypes were evaluated for salt tolerance at emergence and early seedling growth in solution culture with NaCl salinities up to 300 mM L−1 (electrical conductivity equals 27.6 dS m−1 ).
Seedling emergence was delayed by increasing NaCl in nutrient media. At 200 mM L−1 NaCl, the emergence percentages of wheat genotypes ranged between 68.7 % and 91.3 % after 7 days and 79.3 % and 98.7 % after 15 days. While at 300 mM L−1 , the emergence percentages of the wheat genotypes were 0.0 % after 7 days. After 15 days the emergence percent ranged between 24 % and 72 %. The emergence percent of the Triticale line was 88.7 after 7 days and 89.3 after 15 days at 200 mM L−1 , while it was 25.3 % and 84 % after 7 and 15 days, at 300 mM L−1 , respectively. Root and shoot dry weight were greatly reduced by increasing NaCl, however, the Triticale line showed less reduction in growth compared to the wheat genotypes. K+ , Ca2+ and Mg2+ were decreased with increasing salinity levels while Na+ content was decreased in the shoot tissues of wheat and Triticale genotypes. 相似文献
Seed germination and seedling establishment are limiting factors in crop production. Seven wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) and one Triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmak) genotypes were evaluated for salt tolerance at emergence and early seedling growth in solution culture with NaCl salinities up to 300 mM L
Seedling emergence was delayed by increasing NaCl in nutrient media. At 200 mM L
10.
玉米、小麦秸秆水浸提液对蔬菜种子的化感作用 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
以黄瓜、生菜、茄子种子为受试材料,采用室内生物测定方法研究了玉米、小麦秸秆水浸提液的化感作用.结果表明,作物秸秆对蔬菜种子的影响有抑制、促进、促进/抑制双重作用和无显著作用等多种形式.玉米水浸提液对黄瓜种子活力指数、幼苗根长和鲜质量显著抑制,对苗高和干质量表现低浓度促进高浓度抑制;对生菜、茄子种子的发芽和根系生长显著抑制,对苗高和鲜质量均表现促进/抑制双重作用.小麦秸秆水浸提液对黄瓜苗高、鲜质量表现促进作用;对生菜种子活力指数和幼苗根长具有显著抑制作用,对其苗高和鲜质量均表现促进/抑制双重作用;对茄子发芽率显著抑制作用,对其根长、苗高和鲜质量均表现双重作用.根据化感敏感指数,玉米秸秆水浸提液对受体蔬菜的化感作用强于小麦;生菜对秸秆浸提液最敏感,茄子次之,黄瓜最不敏感. 相似文献
11.
The effect of salinity on seed germination, plant yield parameters, and plant Na, Cl and K concentrations of chickpea and lentil varieties was studied. Results showed that in both crops percentage emergence was significantly reduced by increasing NaCl levels (0–8dSm?1). From the plant growth studies it was found that differences existed among chickpea and lentil varieties in their response to NaCl application. In chickpea, the variety Mariye showed the comparatively lowest germination percentage and the lowest seedling shoot dry weight in response to salinity and was also among the two varieties which had the lowest relative plant height, shoot and root dry weight and grain yield at maturity. Similarly, variety DZ-10-16-2, which was the second best in germination percentage and the highest in terms of seedling shoot dry weight, also had the highest relative plant height, shoot and root dry weights, and grain yield at maturity. In lentil, however, such relationships were less pronounced. Chloride concentration (mg g?1) in the plant parts at salt levels other than the control was about 2–5 times that of Na. K concentration in the plants was significantly reduced by increasing NaCl levels. Chickpea was generally more sensitive to NaCl salinity than lentil. While no seeds were produced at salinity levels beyond 2dSm?1 in chickpea (no seeds were produced at this salt level in the most sensitive variety, Mariye), most lentil varieties could produce some seeds up to the highest level of NaCl application. Overall, varieties R-186 (lentil) and Mariye (chickpea) were the most sensitive of all varieties. On the other hand, lentil variety NEL-2704 and chickpea variety DZ-10-16-2 gave comparatively higher mean relative shoot and root dry weights, and grain yield, thus showing some degree of superiority over the others. The observed variations among the varieties may be useful indications for screening varieties of both crops for salt tolerance. 相似文献
12.
3种盐胁迫对小麦苗期生长的影响 总被引：13，自引：2，他引：11
为探讨土壤盐分含量与小麦生长的关系,选用永良4号,通过盆栽试验,研究了在不同盐分离子种类NaCl,Na2SO4,NaCl Na2SO4,7个盐分水平(0.1%,0.2%,0.3%,0.4%,0.5%,0.6%,0.7%)条件下小麦苗期的生长情况。结果表明,随着土壤盐浓度的升高,小麦的出苗率、株高均有所下降。NaCl对小麦的胁迫作用最大,NaCl Na2SO4次之,Na2SO4最小。低浓度盐胁迫对小麦根的生长有一定的刺激作用,但随着盐浓度的增加,盐分对根的生长产生了抑制作用,但作用均比较小,并且与地上部分相反。试验结果将对盐渍化耕地小麦生产有重要的参考价值。 相似文献
13.
M. Salim 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1991,166(3):204-209
Four varieties, one each of triticale, wheat, rye and barley were grown in nutrient solution without and with the addition of 75 and 150 mM NaCl. Plants were exposed to salinity for two weeks and growth and ionic relations of plants were measured. Growth of four cereals varieties was affected to different degrees with salinity and shoot fresh weight/dry weight ratios decreased with increase in salt concentration in root medium. Shoots of barley variety accumulated high content of Na and Cl which were primarily due to higher rates of net ion transport from root to shoot. Higher accumulation of Na and Cl in barley variety shoot accompanied by better relative growth rates indicated plant's ability to compartmentalize ions in vacuoles. 相似文献
14.
旨在加强玉米耐盐性的研究和利用,本研究采用水培法,以NaCl胁迫拟田间盐生条件,在适宜的盐胁迫处理浓度的基础上,以耐盐系数为指标,通过主成分分析、隶属函数分析和聚类分析对242 份玉米自交系苗期的耐盐性进行综合鉴定。结果表明：发芽率、根干重、苗干重、根鲜重、根长和苗鲜重可作为玉米自交系的苗期耐盐性筛选和鉴定指标;通过聚类分析可将242 份玉米自交系苗期的耐盐性划分为5 类,其中B红-2 等12 份玉米自交系的耐盐性较强,NC320 等42 份玉米自交系的耐盐性中等,50K-4-1 等58 份玉米自交系的耐盐性一般,H070480 等77 份玉米自交系的耐盐性敏感,甘1 号等53 份玉米自交系的耐盐性高度敏感。 相似文献
15.
干旱是影响西北地区玉米生长发育的主要因素之一,5-氨基乙酰丙酸（5-ALA）是一种潜在的生理活性物质,具有增强植物抗逆性的作用。为了探明干旱胁迫下5-ALA对玉米种子萌发和幼苗生长的缓解效应,同时筛选出缓解的最佳浓度,以玉米品种“郑单958”为材料,以蒸馏水为对照,研究20% PEG 6000模拟干旱胁迫下不同浓度5-ALA（0、5、10、15、20、25、30mg/L）对玉米种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,与对照相比,干旱胁迫下玉米种子的萌发和幼苗生长受到明显抑制,幼苗的渗透调节物质含量减少,抗氧化酶活性降低,丙二醛（MDA）含量增加,质膜透性增大。与0mg/L 5-ALA处理相比,一定浓度（25mg/L）的5-ALA能明显缓解干旱胁迫对玉米幼苗造成的伤害,玉米幼苗的主根长、芽长、根鲜重、芽鲜重、根干重和芽干重显著增加,种子发芽势和发芽率显著提高了76.92%和65.52%,脯氨酸、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量分别上升了136.82%、81.36%和121.26%,超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶活性分别增加了200.58%、182.10%和536.56%。MDA含量和细胞质膜透性则分别下降64.54%和68.21%。5-ALA的缓解作用具有明显的剂量效应,其中以浓度25mg/L处理效果最好。 相似文献
16.
摘要：【研究目的】探讨随着盐分浓度的递增对鹅观草幼苗生物学指标的影响规律,为今后鹅观草属植物耐盐育种提供科学依据并为解决大西北草原盐碱化这一问题提供优良牧草资源;【方法】以三种鹅观草为供试材料,利用不同浓度NaCl溶液对其进行胁迫处理7d,测定它们的株高、根长、叶长、叶宽、地上部分鲜重及干重、地下部分鲜重及干重等苗期生物学指标;【结果】试验研究表明：低盐浓度对三种鹅观草幼苗生物学指标影响较小;随着盐浓度高的增大,三种鹅观草各项指标均受到严重抑制,且达到极显著差异（P<0.01）;【结论】综合分析各项生物学指标,认为三种鹅观草幼苗耐盐敏感性：偏穗鹅观草最耐盐,大芒鹅观草最敏盐,肃草介于二者之间。 相似文献
17.
大蒜素对3种蔬菜种子发芽和幼苗生长的影响 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
采用浸种法和叶面喷雾法,研究不同浓度大蒜素对白菜、萝卜和莴笋种子发芽和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,大蒜素浸种对白菜、萝卜和莴笋种子发芽有一定的影响,不同作物和品种间存在差异。大蒜素200 mg/L浸种12 h对萝卜和莴笋种子发芽无不良影响,但可延缓白菜种子发芽,降低种子发芽势和发芽指数,对最终发芽率无影响。400和800 mg/L浸种12 h可延缓白菜、萝卜种子发芽和降低种子发芽率、发芽势及发芽指数,其活力随处理浓度的提高而下降,白菜和萝卜的最终发芽率显著降低,而对莴笋最终发芽率无影响。200 mg/L浸种对白菜苗鲜重、根鲜重、下胚轴宽有显著的促进作用,400和800 mg/L处理的促进作用不显著,品种间存在较大差异,幼苗主根和下胚轴长度均随处理浓度的提高而缩短。200和400 mg/L处理能促进萝卜种子出苗,对幼苗鲜重、根鲜重和下胚轴宽有显著的促进作用,而对幼苗主根和下胚轴生长均有抑制作用,800 mg/L处理对萝卜种子出苗有明显的抑制作用。大蒜素200~800 mg/L浸种能促进莴笋种子出苗,对幼苗鲜重、根鲜重及下胚轴粗均有显著促进作用,而对幼苗主根长、下胚轴长有明显的抑制作用。大蒜素200~800 mg/L叶面喷施对3种蔬菜幼苗生长均有明显的促进作用,主要表现在幼苗鲜重和根鲜重提高、株高和下胚轴宽增加,而对主根长有明显的抑制作用,不同浓度处理间差异不显著。 相似文献
18.
为了全面了解中国现存黍稷种质资源的抗旱性,研究黍稷在PEG6000模拟干旱胁迫下的抗旱表现,挖掘优异抗旱种质并筛选抗旱鉴定指标,本研究以前期构建的包含230份资源的黍稷微核心种质为试验对象,开展室内PEG6000模拟干旱胁迫处理下的芽、苗期抗旱性研究。通过对芽期和苗期抗旱性指标的测定发现:干旱胁迫下,芽期和苗期各指标较对照组均有下降趋势;芽期指标变异系数较苗期偏大,苗期根鲜重变异系数最大,根干重、苗鲜重、苗干重其次(变化范围在0.35~0.50之间)。相关性分析显示多数指标间相关性都达到了显著或极显著水平,其中相对根鲜重与相对根干重的相关性最高,而相对叶绿素含量与相对根长、相对苗长、相对根鲜重及相对苗干重的相关性均较低。采用平均值-标准差逐级分级法和分层聚类分析综合鉴定参试黍稷芽期和苗期抗旱性,发现芽期极强抗旱、强抗旱材料分别为3份和10份,苗期极强抗旱、强抗旱材料分别为24份和23份;其中紫秆黍(00003289)、乌克兰黍(00006438)和白糜子(00000101)三个品种在芽期和苗期均有很好的抗旱性,可作为后续全生育期抗旱研究和抗旱品种选育的优良资源。对芽期及苗期各抗旱鉴定指标进行相关性分析,结果表明芽期与苗期抗旱性没有显著相关性;主成分分析表明,相对苗长、相对苗鲜重以及相对叶绿素含量可作为评价黍稷苗期抗旱性鉴定的主要指标。 相似文献
19.
以大西洋、克新1号、青薯168脱毒基础苗为试验材料,采用二因素随机区组设计,研究不同基因型品种、不同温度对马铃薯脱毒基础苗苗鲜重、根鲜重、苗干重、根干重、叶片数、株高、茎粗、根长和根条数影响,培养14d时,测定各性状指标.结果表明,3个不同成熟期基因型品种、3种不同培养温度处理对马铃薯单株平均根鲜重、叶片数、株高影响有显著性交互作用(p＜0.05),其余性状受品种基因型和温度交互作用影响不显著.不同基因型品种对苗干重、根干重、叶片数、根条数农艺性状指标影响显著(p＜0.05),其余性状指标未达显著影响;不同培养温度对马铃薯单株平均苗鲜重、根鲜重、苗干重、根干重、茎粗、根长、根条数(p＜0.05)农艺性状指标有显著性影响(p＜0.01),其余性状指标未达显著影响;3个不同基因型品种所需的适宜培养温度为(23±2)℃,此培养温度时,3个品种基因型的农艺性状表现最好. 相似文献
20.
冠菌素对棉花幼苗盐害的缓解效应 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
以转基因抗虫棉(Gossypium hirsutum L.)中棉所45为材料,通过水培试验研究了冠菌素对盐胁迫下棉花萌发出苗和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,盐胁迫严重抑制棉花种子萌发和幼苗生长,且对地上部的抑制程度大于对根系的抑制。盐胁迫对棉花萌发出苗和幼苗生长的抑制程度能被0.01 μmol·L-1 的冠菌素缓解。苗期盐胁迫21 d内,冠菌素处理的棉花根、茎和叶的生物积累量较未施加冠菌素的盐处理增加1倍;活体组织化学原位检测结果显示,低浓度冠菌素处理降低盐胁迫诱导的主根H2O2含量。上述研究结果说明低浓度的冠菌素能提高棉花萌发出苗和苗期的耐盐性。 相似文献