共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 162 毫秒
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水稻颖花开放是其生殖发育一个关键生理过程,对受精和随后种子发育具有重要影响。本文报道了一个与水稻颖花开放相关的突变体,来源于籼稻保持系西农1B的EMS(ethyl methane sulfonate)诱变群体。该突变体表现为开颖后浆片失水萎缩过程缓慢,内外稃持续开裂不闭合,暂命名为水稻颖花持续开放sostenuto floret opening 1(sfo1)突变体。遗传分析表明sfo1性状受1对隐性单基因控制,利用群体分离分析法(bulked segregation analysis,BSA)将SFO1基因定位在第5染色体SSR标记RM1054和IN/DEL标记ZTQ51之间,物理距离113 kb,含注释基因15个。本研究结果为SFO1基因的图位克隆和功能研究奠定了基础。 相似文献
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水稻雌性不育分子机理研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《分子植物育种》2017,(2)
育性是水稻的关键农艺性状,其发生机理和遗传基础是发育生物学的研究热点。不育可分为雄性不育和雌性不育。雌性不育由于性状难鉴定、突变体难获得及内部机制复杂等原因,其研究远远滞后于雄性不育。近年来,由于水稻雌性不育突变体的不断发现及分子生物学研究手段的快速进步,一批控制水稻雌性不育的基因相继被定位和克隆,为揭示水稻雌性不育发生机理奠定了基础。本文综述了近二十年来水稻雌性不育分子遗传机理的有关研究进展,主要包括杂种不育基因,影响胚珠发育、细胞分裂和花器官发育的基因,以及转录组等方面的研究,以期加深对水稻雌性不育的认识,促进对水稻雌性不育的探索和利用。 相似文献
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水稻产量和品质受花器官发育的直接影响, 因此对水稻颖花发育机理的研究将有助于水稻产量和品质的遗传改良。在籼稻C2与2480的杂交后代中发现了一个多柱头突变体, 与野生型相比, 该突变体植株矮化、穗变小、开花延迟和育性降低。颖花解剖发现, 其浆片正常, 柱头和雌蕊数量增加, 雄蕊数目明显减少, 并伴随不同程度的雌雄蕊畸形。以突变体作母本, 构建群体进行遗传分析, 结果显示所有F1均表现正常, F2群体出现3∶1性状分离, 证实该突变性状受1对隐性基因控制。利用微卫星标记进行连锁分析, 将该基因定位于水稻第6染色体上标记RM3183和RM3827之间, 遗传距离分别为2.2 cM和12.0 cM, 且与RM11951、RM19953和RM19961共分离。ISM(t)是一个新的水稻花器官发育控制基因, 本研究为该基因的克隆和功能研究奠定了基础。 相似文献
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水稻颖花退化现象在水稻生长发育中普遍存在,是限制产量进一步提高的重要因素。颖花退化既受内在的遗传和生理的调控,也受外在环境的影响。以往有研究曾用不同遗传作图群体定位了分布在第1至第11号染色体上的多个水稻颖花退化数量性状基因座（QTL）,但这些QTL对颖花退化的贡献率均不大;利用突变体材料确定了多个颖花退化候选基因,并克隆了其中的3个基因,但其分子机制仍不清楚。关于颖花退化的生理生化机制有很多假设,包括资源限制、自组织过程、化学调节等,但均缺乏有力证据。近年的研究表明,水稻穗分化期特别是减数分裂期内源油菜素甾醇（BRs）和多胺（PAs）水平较低、乙烯水平较高与颖花退化有密切的关系,提高BRs、PAs或PAs与乙烯的比值,可以减少颖花退化。水稻颖花退化的另一个重要原因是三磷酸腺苷（ATP）含量和能荷水平过低及活性氧（ROS）过度积累,使得膜脂过氧化伤害和小穗程序性细胞死亡,导致颖花退化。通过栽培措施适度提高减数分裂期植株含氮量或BRs含量可提高幼穗能荷水平,减少ROS积累,进而显著减少水稻颖花退化。今后需要从内在因素（遗传、生理生化）、植株整体水平、栽培调控和环境条件等方面深入研究水稻颖花退化的机理及其调控途径,破解水稻颖花退化的科学难题。 相似文献
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水稻雌性不育是由水稻雌性器官发育异常引起的不育。随着生物技术及功能基因组学的发展,对雌性不育的研究已从细胞学水平过渡到对分子机理的探索。科研工作者不断挖掘新的水稻雌性不育突变体,也定位和克隆到一些水稻雌配子发育相关基因。由于雌配子体发育过程的复杂性,导致水稻雌配子发育调控网络中的分子机理研究还有所欠缺。本研究通过水稻雌性不育的突变类型、雌性器官发育异常导致的基因突变,描述了水稻雌性不育的发生机理及雌性不育突变材料在机械化制种中的应用,为雌性不育的深入研究提供理论依据。 相似文献
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江淮丘陵地区水稻“颖壳不闭合”现象生理因素浅析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为水稻严重减产甚至出现绝收现象,以安徽省江淮丘陵地区发生的水稻“颖壳不闭合”现象为研究对象,简要介绍了水稻“颖壳不闭合”现象发生的症状与特点,从水稻“颖壳突变体”、雌雄性器官发育不全或成熟不一致、颖花雌雄性器官发育不全不能完成受精过程、穗部营养受到障碍致使子房或胚乳中途停止发育等生理因素对水稻“颖壳不闭合”现象的影响做了简要分析,并从高温、重金属毒害及土壤水肥条件不平衡等其他外界因素对水稻“颖壳不闭合”现象的影响做了简要分析。根据水稻“颖壳不闭合”现象的发生特点,从水稻品种选择、合理种植、科学施肥等方面提出相关建议。 相似文献
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水稻是全球最重要的粮食作物之一,水稻产量的高低关系着全球社会的稳定与发展。磷元素是许多重要生物大分子的关键组分,且参与植物体内许多的生理生化反应,因此植物的生长和发育都离不开磷元素。目前,水稻中有关磷素吸收利用的基因已被挖掘且相关的分子机理研究也在不断深入,同时也取得了一些突破性的进展。但是,水稻磷素吸收利用的调控通路研究相对较复杂,尚需进一步挖掘和解析更多磷利用相关基因的功能。本研究通过设置高磷和低磷水平共筛选了1 525份水稻‘9311’突变体材料,获得了9份响应不同磷水平的差异候选材料,进一步对候选材料分析发现仅有190286突变体能够很大程度上响应磷水平变化且恢复其表型。通过分析190286突变体在高磷与低磷及恢复生长条件下相关形态生理指标,发现在低磷下其根长、地上部分及鲜重方面与‘9311’存在显著差异且为磷高效材料。该研究结果为后期水稻磷吸收利用相关基因的挖掘和功能解析奠定了基础,也为后续水稻磷高效育种提供了材料支撑。 相似文献
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水稻每穗粒数是构成产量的关键因素,现代高产水稻品种多表现为穗大粒多。增加每穗粒数、促进大穗形成是提高水稻产量的重要途径。本文概述了水稻每穗粒数形成与幼穗发育的关系,并结合作者相关研究,从水稻穗型的遗传调控、营养状况与氮肥管理、水分、温光条件和内源激素等方面分析了其对每穗粒数形成的影响。从根系形态生理与幼穗发育、水肥管理和温光条件以及植物激素间的相互作用调节颖花分化与退化的生理和分子机制等方面提出了未来加强水稻大穗形成研究的重点,以期为大穗高产水稻品种选育和栽培调控提供依据。 相似文献
11.
Shukun Jiang Jiayu Wang Dan Liu Lili Chen Xijuan Zhang Fan Xu Shichen Sun Hui Jiang Guohua Ding Tongtong Wang Liangming Bai Fengming Zhang Zhengjin Xu 《Plant Breeding》2016,135(2):155-165
Grain numbers is one of the determinations for rice yield and directly associated with spikelet numbers per panicle and its normal development. Lots of genes responsible for spikelet numbers and spikelet early development have been identified, but the molecular information about the spikelet development at later development is still limited. Here, we isolated a rice spikelet abnormal development mutant, which shows degenerated spikelet at the top panicle and named aborted top spikelet mutant 1(Ats1). The spikelets derived from the middle and bottom branches per panicle of Ats1 show normal development with those of wild type. However, a large number of branches and spikelets with arrested development were often observed only on apex panicle. The abnormality did not appear until the stage In8 when rachises elongate rapidly and reproductive organs get mature, based on observations through SEM analysis. The aborted spikelet could develop the complete floral organs with a pair of rudimentary glume, a pair of empty glume, two lodicule, six stamens and one carpel. But all these floral organs did not develop maturity. Genetic analysis on two F2 populations indicated that the Ats1 was controlled by a single dominant gene. By using bulked segregant analysis of F2 population developed from Ats1 crossing with Songjing6, ATS1 was mapped on chromosome 8 between RM3819 and RM5556. Then, the fine mapping was performed with 1078 F2 population developed from Ats1 and IR36. The ATS1 locus was finely mapped in an 85.7 kb region between RM22448 and STS8‐2 with 8 genes according to the rice annotation project database. Sequence analysis of the candidate genes within the delimited region of the Ats1 and Akihikari showed two‐nucleotide changes, including single‐nucleotide substitutions corresponding to an amino acid substitution from asparagine to lysine acid in exons 3 and a 1‐bp deletion resulting in a premature stop codon in exon 22 at the candidate gene, LOC_Os08g06480. A cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) marker, CAPS‐ats1, was developed from the 1‐bp deletion site. The complete cosegregation of the CAPS genotypes with the matching phenotypes were observed in the F2 populations. This suggested that Os08g06480 is most likely the ATS1 gene. These results will provide more information for better understanding of the molecular mechanism governing top spikelet abortion within a short developmental period. 相似文献
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High temperature‐induced grain sterility in rice is becoming a serious problem in tropical rice‐growing ecosystems. We studied the mechanism of high temperature‐induced grain sterility of different rice (Oryza sativa L) cultivars at two relative humidity (RH) levels. Four varieties of Indica and Japonica rice were exposed to over 85 % RH and 60 % RH at 36/30 °C, 34/30 °C, 32/24 °C and 30/24 °C day/night air temperatures from late booting to maturity inside sunlit phytotrons. Increasing both air temperature and RH significantly increased spikelet sterility while high temperature‐induced sterility decreased significantly with decreasing RH. Neither Indica nor Japonica rice types were superior to the other in the response of their spikelets to increased air temperature and RH. Increased spikelet sterility was due to increased pollen grain sterility which reduced deposition of viable pollen grains on stigma. Reduction in sterility with decreased RH was more due to decreased spikelet temperature than to air temperature. Thus the impact of RH should be considered when interpreting the effect of high temperature on grain sterility. Spikelet fertility was curvilinearly related to spikelet temperature. Grain sterility increased when spikelet temperature increased over 30 °C while it became completely sterile at 36 °C. The ability of a variety to decrease its spikelet temperature with decreasing RH could be considered as avoidance while the variability in spikelet sterility among varieties at a given spikelet temperature could be considered as true tolerance. 相似文献
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Because grain shape is an important component of rice grain yield, the discovery of genes related to rice grain shape has attracted much attention of rice breeding programs. In recent years, some of these genes have been cloned and studied. They have been found not only regulate grain shape by changing the shape of the spikelet hull, but also regulate endosperm development through control of cell division using different molecular mechanisms. In this paper, we review the recent research on genes related to rice grain shape and their possible regulatory mechanisms. 相似文献
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水稻孕穗期耐热性QTLs分析 总被引：15，自引：1，他引：15
水稻籼粳亚种间杂种优势利用是提高水稻产量的重要途径。然而，异常高温或低温导致籼粳亚种间杂种育性下降是影响其优势利用的主要因素之一。本研究以USSR5（粳稻）/广解9号（籼稻）//USSR5回交群体为供试材料，构建了相应的分子连锁图谱，分别以高温处理下直接小穗育性及小穗育性热敏感指数为指标，对水稻孕穗期高温耐热性及其相对耐热性进行数量性状位点（QTLs）分析。结果表明，在第2、4和5染色体上检测到孕穗期耐热性相关的QTL各一个，对表型变异的解释率为6.4%~15.8%；在第4、8染色体上分别检测到与孕穗期相对耐热性相关的QTL，qhts-4和qhts-8，LOD值分别为3.81和2.86，对表型变异的解释率分别为16.8%和9.9%。对其进一步的上位性分析表明，有8条染色体的4对位点存在基因间互作，小穗育性耐热性除受主效QTL控制外，还受基因间互作及修饰基因的影响。 相似文献
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不同类型杂交早稻农艺性状的遗传分析 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
采用6个杂交稻三系不育系和10个杂交早稻父本品种,通过不完全双列杂交配置了60个杂交早稻组合。分析了在相同栽培环境条件下三系杂交早稻亲本及其所配置的杂交早稻组合的12个农艺性状的遗传规律。结果表明：12个农艺性状的遗传以加性效应为主,各性状的狭义遗传力大小顺序依次为千粒重>株高>穗长>穗实粒数>结实率>穗总粒数>生育期>理论产量>实际产量>有效穗>成穗率>最高苗;除穗长外,其余性状受父本的影响较大;理论产量与结实率、穗实粒数、株高、成穗率及有效穗呈正相关,可通过这几个性状对产量进行间接选择;穗实粒数是杂交早稻选择指数中最重要的选择性状。 相似文献
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氮素穗肥对水稻幼穗细胞分裂素和生长素浓度的影响及其与颖花发育的关系 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
以粳稻品种武育粳3号和2401为研究材料,在盆栽条件下,设高(HN)、低(LN)两个穗肥施氮水平,对幼穗发育过程中(颖花分化至抽穗后7 d)细胞分裂素(ZRs、iPAs)和生长素(IAA)含量及其动态分别进行测定和比较分析。结果表明,幼穗发育过程中穗中细胞分裂素和生长素含量均表现先降后升的趋势,穗肥的施用(HN处理)提高了各个时期细胞分裂素的含量,尤其是颖花分化期效果最为明显。而生长素的变化情况较为复杂,从颖花分化期到花粉母细胞减数分裂期前LN处理稍高于HN处理,之后HN处理又逐渐超过LN处理。穗发育期间HN处理的ZRs/IAA和iPAs/IAA均高于LN处理,颖花分化期差距最大,随后逐渐减小,到花粉母细胞减数分裂期差异最小,抽穗时比值差距又再次扩大,两个品种表现相似。水稻氮素穗肥的施用具有延长颖花分化时间、增加每穗颖花数的作用,这可能与其提高幼穗分化期尤其是颖花分化期的细胞分裂素含量及其与生长素的比值有关。 相似文献
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为探明油菜素甾醇(brassinosteroids,BRs)是否介导氮肥对水稻颖花退化的影响。水稻品种扬稻6号和甬优2640种植于盆钵,全生育期设置3种施氮水平,观察了不同氮肥处理下水稻减数分裂期幼穗中氮含量、BRs、过氧化氢(H2O2)和总抗氧化能力(totalantioxidantcapacity,T-AOC)水平及其与颖花退化的关系。结果表明,颖花退化率的降低与稻穗中增加的24-表油菜素甾酮(24-epicastasterone,24-epiCS)和28-高油菜素内酯(28-homobrassinolide,28-homBL)含量密切相关。当稻穗的氮含量为1.25%时,幼穗中BRs(24-epiCS和28-homBL)含量显著增加,颖花退化率显著降低。稻穗中T-AOC水平与BRs含量变化趋势相同,且均与水稻颖花退化率显著负相关,而H_2O_2含量与BRs含量和T-AOC变化趋势相反。施用外源BRs(24-epiCS或28-homBL)可显著提高稻穗中内源BRs(24-epiCS和28-homBL)含量与T-AOC水平,并显著降低稻穗中H_2O_2含量和颖花退化率,施用BRs合成抑制剂则效果相反。表明BRs可以介导氮肥对水稻颖花退化的调控,在减数分裂期适宜的稻穗含氮量(1.25%)可有效提高幼穗中的BRs含量,并通过提高抗氧化能力来抑制颖花退化。 相似文献
18.
Min Huang Yingbin Zou Yuehua Feng Zhaowei Cheng Yali Mo Md. Ibrahim Bing Xia Peng Jiang 《European Journal of Agronomy》2011,34(4):278-286
No-tillage and direct seeding (NTDS) is an effective crop production method for reducing production costs and soil conservation. In order to understand performance of super hybrid rice under NTDS in rice–oilseed rape cropping system, a researcher-managed trail (2004–2010) and an on-farm research (2002–2005) were conducted to compare different tillage (conventional tillage or no-tillage) and rice establishment methods (transplanting or direct seeding) in super hybrid rice–oilseed rape cropping system. Under researcher-managed condition, grain yields of super hybrid rice under NTDS and conventional tillage and transplanting (CTTP) were equal. Compared with under CTTP, super hybrid rice under NTDS was characterized by more panicle number per m2 but less spikelet number per panicle, and lower aboveground biomass production before heading but higher aboveground biomass accumulated during heading to maturity. Higher maximum tiller number per m2 and lower spikelet production efficiency were responsible for the more panicle number per m2 and less spikelet number per panicle under NTDS, respectively. Under farmer-managed condition, super hybrid rice under NTDS had more panicle number m2 than under CTTP, which resulted in higher grain yield. Labor input under NTDS was lower than that under CTTP. Moreover, adoption of NTDS for super hybrid rice production had no significant impacts on seed yield and yield components of oilseed rape in rice–oilseed rape cropping system. Our study showed that CTTP could be replaced with NTDS to maintain yield and save labor for super hybrid rice production in rice–oilseed rape cropping system. 相似文献