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1.
湘西植烟土壤有机质含量分布及其影响因素 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
为了解湘西州植烟土壤有机质含量分布状况及其影响因素,测试了湘西州7个主要烟区488个土壤样本的有机质含量,采用传统统计学和地统计学方法分析了湘西州植烟土壤有机质含量分布及土壤类型、海拔高度、pH值等影响因素。结果表明:1湘西州植烟土壤有机质含量总体适宜,平均值为21.69g/kg,变幅为3.12~62.97g/kg,变异系数为40.64%,处于适宜范围内的样本占41.48%;2不同县之间的植烟土壤有机质含量差异达极显著水平,永顺县、凤凰县、龙山县植烟土壤有机质含量总体上处于适宜水平,其他各县总体处于较低水平;3湘西州植烟土壤有机质含量在空间分布上是从东北部、西部和西南部向州中部及东南方向减少,在永顺县东南部、保靖县的西部各有一个高值区;4不同植烟类型土壤的有机质含量差异达显著水平,灰黄棕土、水稻土、灰黄泥、浅灰黄泥、黄壤的有机质含量属适宜水平,其他类型土壤的有机质含量偏低;5不同海拔高度的植烟土壤有机质含量差异达极显著水平,湘西州植烟土壤有机质含量有随海拔升高而升高的趋势;6不同pH的植烟土壤有机质含量差异极显著,主要为pH>7.0的植烟土壤有机质含量较高。 相似文献
2.
铜仁市植烟土壤交换性钙镁空间分布特征及其影响因素分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为明确贵州省铜仁市植烟土壤中交换性钙和镁的状况,以铜仁2019年植烟耕层土壤交换性钙镁为研究对象,利用多元统计学和地统计学方法分析了土壤交换性钙镁空间变异特征及其影响因素。结果表明,铜仁植烟土壤交换性钙、镁含量整体丰富,平均值分别为1.72、0.27 g·kg-1,但仍有19.31%的交换性钙和27.59%地区的交换性镁含量处于低与极低水平。植烟土壤中钙镁比处于适宜范围的比例仅占29.70%,说明钙镁比失调较严重。土壤交换性镁含量总体呈现由西北向东南逐渐增加的趋势,土壤钙镁比总体呈现由中部向东南和西北逐渐减小的趋势,思南中部钙镁比处于最高值,江口南部与松桃南部钙镁比处于最低值。植烟土壤交换性钙、镁含量及其比值的空间变异是由结构性因素和随机性因素共同作用的结果。pH对交换性钙、镁空间变异的影响最大,分别能够独立解释其变量的41.6%、55.7%,且与交换性钙、镁分别呈现幂函数和三次函数关系,随着pH值升高,土壤中交换性钙和镁含量升高。综上,贵州铜仁植烟土壤空间分布不均匀、差异性较大,钙镁比失调比较严重,pH值对交换性钙、镁空间变异的影响最大,并与其呈极显著正相关。因此,铜仁烟区在指导钙镁施肥时要注意其空间差异性、做到分类指导,可以通过调控钙镁肥料施用量或含钙镁的改良剂调节土壤pH值来达到平衡土壤养分的目的。本研究可为铜仁市烟田钙镁养分管理提供科学依据。 相似文献
3.
昆明市植烟土壤肥力状况评价 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为了全面分析昆明市植烟土壤肥力状况,以1 000个代表性植烟土壤的理化指标为基础数据,运用模糊综合评价法(Fuzzy)对植烟土壤的肥力状况进行综合评价。结果表明:(1)昆明市植烟土壤质地以壤土为主,容重、孔隙度和持水量整体处于适宜烤烟生长范围,>0.25 mm水稳性团粒含量较高,土壤抗侵蚀能力强。(2)植烟土壤pH变异系数较小,微酸性土壤比例占48.10%;有机质含量丰富,全氮含量适宜,碱解氮含量中等,有利于烤烟种植中氮素的调控;速效磷含量变异程度较高,速效钾含量丰富;交换性镁、有效钼含量变异程度较大,有效硼含量中等,水溶性氯含量不均衡。(3)昆明市植烟土壤肥力综合评价指数(IFI)的变化范围是0.258～0.957,平均值为0.703,整体IFI分值较高。植烟土壤肥力综合评价中养分强度因素的有效钼、有效硼、交换性镁和速效磷指标相对其余指标对植烟土壤肥力的作用分值较小,是影响昆明市植烟土壤肥力的限制因子。 相似文献
4.
喀斯特地区植烟土壤有效硼含量分布及其影响因素—— 以湘西州烟区为例 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
采集湘西州488个植烟土壤样本,采用传统统计学和地统计学方法分析了湘西州植烟土壤有效硼含量分布及其影响因素。结果表明：①湘西州植烟土壤有效硼含量总体上略偏高,平均值为0.728 mg/kg,变幅在0.05?～?2.21 mg/kg,变异系数为53.46%,处于适宜范围内的样本占30.00%。②植烟土壤有效硼含量在空间分布上呈斑块状分布态势,永顺县的西部为一个低值区,东部为一个高值区。③蔬菜和油菜前茬的土壤有效硼含量相对较高;黄棕壤土壤的有效硼含量极显著地高于红灰土和红壤土类型。④有效硼含量有随海拔、pH、土壤有机质含量升高而升高的趋势。 相似文献
5.
为了准确评价大理州主要植烟土壤养分现状,对该州9个红塔基地县(市)土壤pH值、有机质、水解氮、有效磷、速效钾、交换性钙、交换性镁、有效硫、有效硼、水溶性氯共10个指标进行调查和分析。结果表明:各烟区土壤pH、水解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量适宜,有机质含量丰富,交换性镁、水溶性氯含量偏高,而交换性钙、有效硫含量远高于生长适宜范围上限,同时有效硼含量普遍不足;除土壤有效硼外,其余养分指标均存在不同程度的空间变异,其中土壤交换性钙(91.2%)、交换性镁(81.5%)、有效硫(86.8%)含量变异系数均大于80%;以云南省植烟土壤养分含量适宜标准分析,全州9个县(市)大部分地区均应控制钙、镁、硫养分的施用,加大硼肥的投入;同时,弥渡、漾濞、南涧和云龙四县则有部分土壤应控制钾肥施用;除漾濞县外,其余县(市)土壤水溶性氯含量均偏高,应适当减少含氯肥料的投入,忌施人粪尿,以确保植烟土壤养分含量的协调性。 相似文献
6.
攀西烟区紫色土pH值与土壤养分的相关分析 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
对四川攀西烟区有代表性的30个紫色土样品的pH值、有机质及有效养分含量进行了测定。结果表明，攀西烟区紫色土的pH值在5．13～8．14范围内，有半数左右的土壤偏碱性；有机质、碱解氮、有效锌和有效锰的含量均随pH值的升高而降低，交换性钙的含量随pH值的升高而升高，而pH值与速效磷、速效钾、交换性镁、速效铜、速效硼间的相关性则不显著。烟区紫色土的有机质和碱解氮含量偏低，速效磷、速效钾含量中等，交换性钙、交换性镁含量丰富；部分pH值较高的土壤可能会缺乏铜、锌等微量元素；在不同pH值的土壤上硼营养均严重亏缺，建议生产中增施硼肥。 相似文献
7.
为明确重庆渝东北植烟区土壤中交换性钙、镁养分状况与土壤属性的关联特性，为烟区养分管理提供参考依据，利用GPS定位技术在渝东北植烟区采集了1 092个代表性土壤样品，对巫溪、巫山、奉节、万州、涪陵和丰都6个区县植烟土壤交换性钙和交换性镁含量分析，同时与其他土壤属性进行关联分析。结果表明：重庆渝东北植烟土壤交换性钙、镁含量丰富，其平均值分别为10.85 cmol/kg和1.79 cmol/kg，但也存在缺乏现象，且区域分布不均衡。总体来看，土壤交换性钙缺乏(<6 cmol/kg)占比28.30%，土壤交换性镁缺乏(<1.0 cmol/kg)占比42.75%。涪陵县与丰都县的土壤交换性钙、镁缺乏最严重，占比分别为40.00%和55.00%。丰都县与万州区土壤交换性钙、镁含量最适宜烤烟种植，占比分别为42.00%和36.61%。母质是影响土壤交换性钙、镁含量的重要因素，二叠系泥灰岩发育形成的土壤交换性钙、镁含量较高，侏罗纪紫色砂岩含量最低。植烟土壤pH、阳离子交换量与交换性钙、镁存在显著正相关关系，而土壤交换性酸总量与二者呈显著负相关，交换性钙镁缺乏是引起烟田酸化的主要原因。1～2... 相似文献
8.
《土壤通报》2015,(4):967-971
在云南丽江烟区采集273个土壤样品和烟叶样品进行分析化验。结果表明,丽江市植烟土壤中微量营养元素含量存在较大的差异,土壤平均交换性钙含量为3338.82 mg kg-1,交换性镁342.26 mg kg-1,有效锌2.21 mg kg-1,有效硼0.54 mg kg-1,有效钼0.44 mg kg-1,水溶性氯38.37 mg kg-1。植烟土壤交换性钙、交换性镁和有效钼含量整体比较充足,有效锌含量整体适宜,有效硼含量普遍缺乏;尽管土壤中水溶性氯含量较高,但烟叶中氯含量较低。为此生产上提出了"控镁和补硼"的施肥措施,对于连年干旱且水溶性氯含量高的植烟土壤要严禁施用含氯肥料。 相似文献
9.
喀斯特地区湘西州植烟土壤pH分布特征及其影响因素 总被引：11，自引：3，他引：8
为了解湘西州植烟土壤pH特征,于2015年采集湘西烟区1 242个土壤样本,采用传统统计学和地统计学方法分析了湘西州植烟土壤pH区域分布和空间分布特征及其影响因素。结果表明:(1)湘西烟区植烟土壤pH变幅为4.17~8.17,平均值为6.12,变异系数为18.30%;处于植烟土壤pH适宜范围内(pH为5.5~7.0)的样本占34.06%,pH小于5.0的植烟土壤样本为20.77%,pH大于7.5的植烟土壤样本为18.20%;(2)7个主产烟县植烟土壤pH平均值在5.44~6.84;不同县植烟土壤pH差异极显著;(3)植烟土壤pH有从西向东递减的分布趋势;(4)成土母岩、土壤类型、水土流失状况、灌溉能力、海拔高度、耕作层厚度、有机质含量、土壤颗粒组成显著影响植烟土壤pH;(5)水土流失严重、无灌溉能力和耕作层较浅的烟田、紫色砂页岩发育的土壤、红壤和红黄壤以及粘粒比例较大的土壤容易酸化;(6)土壤pH呈现出随海拔降低和有机质含量升高而升高的趋势。 相似文献
10.
思茅市主要植烟土壤养分特征及推荐施肥技术 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
对思茅市的主要植烟土壤调查取样分析结果表明,全市植烟土壤有机质、速效磷、碱解氮、pH值、速效钾和速效锌含量比较适宜;土壤交换性镁含量丰富;土壤速效硼和水溶性氯供应明显不足,大部分烟区处在缺乏与潜在性缺乏之间。根据测土配方施肥指标,思茅市的施肥技术是控氮、增磷、补钾、增施硼和氯肥,对部分土壤补充镁和锌,部分偏酸的土壤施用碱性肥料来调节酸碱度。 相似文献
11.
中国华北地区近40年物候春季变化 总被引：17，自引：4，他引：17
根据华北地区7个观测站物候资料,分析了华北地区1963-1996年及北京1963-2005年物候春季的变化特征及其与气温的关系。结果表明:华北地区的物候春季有明显提早来临的趋势,而造成这一变化的主要因素是本地区近40 a来冬春季气温的明显上升。其中1963-1996年间华北地区1-3月及4月的平均气温分别上升了2.3℃与1.7℃,物候春季起止日期分别提前了9d和4d,因而使得春季长度也延长了5d;北京1963-2003年间1-3月及4月的平均气温分别上升了3.5℃与2.6℃,物候春季的起止日期分别提前了11d和10d,但春季长度没有明显变化。 相似文献
12.
Howard B. Ross 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1987,36(3-4):349-363
Trace metals (Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, and Zn) concentrations in atmospheric precipitation have been routinely monitored in Sweden since the autumn of 1983. Concentrations are highest in southern Sweden and decrease northward. It is postulated that the long range transport of anthropogenic pollutants from the rest of Europe is the major source of Cd, Pb, and Zn in precipitation. Evidence for this hypothesis is that enrichment factors indicate anthropogenic origin, and Swedish atmospheric emissions of Zn and Cd are 2 to 3 times smaller than deposition fluxes. Also, Cd, Pb, and Zn concentrations are correlated in both space and time and are also well correlated with exSO4 +, a substance known to be of anthropogenic origin transported long distances. 相似文献
13.
Water, Air, & Soil Pollution - Epiphytic lichens were sampled in a Dutch national monitoring survey, which was carried out twice within 5 yr. The samples were analyzed by neutron activation... 相似文献
14.
Sediment denitrification in waterways in a rice-paddy-dominated watershed in eastern China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Xiaobo Li Yongqiu Xia Yuefei Li Todd M. Kana Sonoko D. Kimura Masanori Saito Xiaoyuan Yan 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2013,13(4):783-792
Purpose
Rice-paddy-dominated watersheds in eastern China are intensively cultivated, and lands with two crops receive as much as 550–600 kg?ha–1?year–1 of nitrogen (N), mainly through the addition of N-based fertilizers. However, stream N concentrations have been found to be relatively low. Waterways in the watersheds are assumed to be effective “sinks” for N, minimizing its downstream movement. We directly measured net sediment denitrification rates in three types of waterways (ponds, streams/rivers, and a reservoir) and determined the key factors that control net sediment denitrification. Such information is essential for evaluating the impact of the agricultural N cycle on the quality of surface water.Materials and methods
The pond–stream–reservoir continuum was sampled every 2 months at nine sites in an agricultural watershed between November 2010 and December 2011. Net sediment N2 fluxes/net sediment denitrification rates were determined by membrane inlet mass spectrometry and the N2/Ar technique. A suite of parameters known to influence denitrification were also measured.Results and discussion
Net denitrification rates ranged between 28.2?±?18.2 and 674.3?±?314.5 μmol N2–N?m–2?h–1 for the streams, 23.7?±?23.9 and 121.2?±?38.7 μmol N2–N?m–2?h–1 for the ponds, and 41.8?±?17.7 and 239.3?±?49.8 μmol N2–N?m–2?h–1 for the reservoir. The mean net denitrification rate of the stream sites (173.2?±?248.4 μmol N2–N?m–2?h–1) was significantly higher (p?<?0.001) than that of the pond sites (48.3?±?44.5 μmol N2–N?m–2?h–1), and the three types of waterways all had significantly higher (p?<?0.01) mean net denitrification rates in summer than in other seasons. Linear regression and linear mixed effect model analysis showed that nitrate (NO3 ?–N) concentration in surface water was the primary controlling factor for net sediment denitrification, followed by water temperature. Using monitoring data on NO3 ?–N concentrations and temperature of the surface water of waterways and an established linear mixed effect model, total N removed through net sediment denitrification in the pond–stream–reservoir continuum was estimated at 46.8?±?24.0 t?year–1 from July 2007 to June 2009, which was comparable with earlier estimates based on the mass balance method (34.3?±?12.7 t?year–1), and accounted for 83.4 % of the total aquatic N. However, the total aquatic N was only 4.4 % of the total N input to the watershed, and thus most of the surplus N in the watershed was likely to be either denitrified or stored in soil.Conclusions
High doses of N in a rice-paddy-dominated watershed did not lead to high stream N concentrations due to limited input of N into waterways and the high efficiency of waterways in removing N through denitrification. 相似文献15.
天津半干旱地区不同种植年限菜田土壤微生物变化特征的研究 总被引：13，自引：1，他引：12
对天津周边半干旱地区不同种植年限的菜田土壤微生物状况调查研究表明 ,该地区土壤微生物以细菌为主 ,夏季微生物总量大大高于冬季 ;随着种菜年限的增加 ,耕层和亚耕层微生物总量都有增加趋势 ,其中细菌和放线菌增加明显 ,真菌有下降趋势 ;真菌类群分析表明 ,少数纤维素分解菌 ,如青霉 (Penicillium)、木霉 (Trichoderma)等为优势菌 ,而糖和木质素分解菌仅占少数。用尖孢镰刀霉 (Fusariumuoxysporum)、大肠杆菌 (Escherichia coli)接种不同种菜年限土壤 ,检测土壤拮抗菌状况发现 ,拮抗菌仅在种植年限长的老菜田的放线菌中发现。表明北方半干旱地区菜田土壤细菌为优势菌 ,主要存在于土壤微孔隙中 ;而适于生活在土壤疏松大孔隙中的真菌数量极少。应注意土壤结构的改良 ,为丰富土壤微生物提供良好的生态环境 相似文献
16.
天津半干旱地区不同种植年限菜田土壤微生物变化特征的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
对天津周边半干旱地区不同种植年限的菜田土壤微生物状况调查研究表明 ,该地区土壤微生物以细菌为主 ,夏季微生物总量大大高于冬季 ;随着种菜年限的增加 ,耕层和亚耕层微生物总量都有增加趋势 ,其中细菌和放线菌增加明显 ,真菌有下降趋势 ;真菌类群分析表明 ,少数纤维素分解菌 ,如青霉 (Penicillium)、木霉 (Trichoderma)等为优势菌 ,而糖和木质素分解菌仅占少数。用尖孢镰刀霉 (Fusariumuoxysporum)、大肠杆菌 (Escherichia coli)接种不同种菜年限土壤 ,检测土壤拮抗菌状况发现 ,拮抗菌仅在种植年限长的老菜田的放线菌中发现。表明北方半干旱地区菜田土壤细菌为优势菌 ,主要存在于土壤微孔隙中 ;而适于生活在土壤疏松大孔隙中的真菌数量极少。应注意土壤结构的改良 ,为丰富土壤微生物提供良好的生态环境 相似文献
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Phytoremediation is an emerging technology based on the use of green plants to remove, contain, inactivate or destroy harmful
environmental pollutants. Recent developments in Europe and the USA show that the approach is somewhat different on both sides
of the Atlantic. In Europe, phytoremediation has more basically been research driven and, based on the outcomes, applications
have been envisaged. By contrast, the approach in the USA is more application and experience driven. In spite of a growing
track record of commercial success, more demonstration projects are needed to prove that phytoremediation is effective in
order to rigorously measure its underlying economics, and to expand its applications. More fundamental research is also required
to better understand the complex interactions between pollutants, soil, plant roots and micro-organisms at the rhizosphere
level, to increase the bioavailability of pollutants, to fully exploit the metabolic diversity of plants and, thus, to successfully
implement this new green technology. 相似文献
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Shu Wang 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2017,67(7):583-589
Proteolytic bacterial communities, which mineralize organic nitrogen, play a key role in agricultural systems. In this study, alkaline metalloprotease (apr) gene fragments from proteolytic bacteria were investigated in bulk and rhizosphere paddy soil from four fields under organic management (for 2, 3, 5, and 9 years), and from one field under conventional management (for 2 years). We analyzed the abundance and structure of the proteolytic bacterial communities using real-time quantitative PCR and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. Our results showed that the abundance of proteolytic bacteria ranged from 1.57?×?108 to 8.02?×?108?copies/g of soil. In addition, the abundance of the proteolytic bacteria in the paddy soils under organic management was significantly higher than those in the paddy soil under conventional management. Moreover, the gene copy numbers in the rhizosphere soils were significantly higher than those in the bulk soils. The abundance of proteolytic bacteria tended to increase with the duration of organic management, with the highest abundance being found in the soil that had been under organic management for 5 years. However, the proteolytic bacteria communities in the paddy soils were not significantly affected by management practices. Phylogeny analysis showed that all gel bands obtained represented genes from Pseudomonas. Additionally, correlation analysis and canonical correspondence analysis showed that C/N, C, and N were important factors that influenced the abundance and community structure of the proteolytic bacteria. These results suggest that proteolytic bacteria are indicators in organic management systems, depolymerize organic N and hence maintain soil sustainability.Abbreviations: CM: conventional management; OM: organic management; DGGE: denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis; qPCR: real-time quantitative PCR detecting system; COFCC: China organic food certification center; CCA: canonical correspondence analysis 相似文献