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1.
Shiva Shankar Pandey Tek Narayan Maraseni Geoff Cockfield Karin Gerhard 《Journal of Sustainable Forestry》2013,32(8):796-813
Community forestry is expanding in developing countries but there is limited knowledge of, and contradictory findings about, its contribution to biodiversity conservation. This study aims at increasing the understanding of tree species diversity in community forests compared to National Parks. A forest inventory was carried out in four community forests and one National Park in the mid-hills of central Nepal. The study found that community forestry has contributed to high tree species diversity where forest management communities have interests in multiple species, but most community forests are moving toward promoting limited timber yielding species that have high economic value. Linking community forestry with economic incentives for conserving multiple tree species could therefore be a strategy to conserve biodiversity outside of protected areas. 相似文献
2.
Community forestry has been characterized as a successful model of community-based forest governance in Nepal that shifts
forest management and use rights to local users, often socially heterogeneous in caste, gender and wealth status. This heterogeneity
forms the basis of social groups, which differ in their needs, priorities and perceptions regarding community forestry implementation
processes. This paper explores the dynamics of three community forestry processes—users’ participation, institutional development,
and decision-making and benefit-sharing—among forest user groups as perceived by three social groups of forest users—elite,
women and disadvantaged—from eight community forests of Dhading district, Nepal, using qualitative and quantitative techniques.
It is found that social groups have differing levels of perception about community forestry processes occurring in their user
groups. In particular, social elites differ from women and disadvantaged members of the group in users’ participation in community
forestry activities and institutional development of forest user groups. An important policy implication of the findings is
that social inclusiveness is central to the effective implementation of community forestry processes, not only to safeguard
its past successes but also to internalize the economic opportunities it poses through reducing deforestation and forest degradation
in the future. 相似文献
3.
尼泊尔是"一带一路"沿线国家中南亚地区的重要国家,也是我国重点援助的国家。尽管尼泊尔森林资源丰富,生物多样性高,但是近年来森林资源下降趋势明显。鉴于竹子在保护森林资源和发展农村经济中的地位日益显著,尼泊尔政府把推动竹藤等非木质林产品开发利用作为林业发展的重要内容和减贫的重要措施。文中对尼泊尔竹子资源培育、加工利用、发展政策及科研进展等进行了综述,提出了我国与尼泊尔开展竹业合作的领域和方式,可为深化中尼两国林业合作和提高我国对外援助水平提供重要的参考信息。 相似文献
4.
Ajit Menon Christelle Hinnewinkel Claude Garcia Sylvie Guillerme Nitin Rai Siddhartha Krishnan 《Small-Scale Forestry》2009,8(4):515-527
Rural people in developing countries including India continue to access a number of types of ‘forests’ to meet specific needs
such as fuelwood, fodder, food, non-timber forest produce and timber for both subsistence and income generation. While a plethora
of terms exist to describe the types of forests that rural people use—such as farm forests, social forests, community forests
and small-scale forests—the expression domestic forest has recently been proposed. Domestic forest is a term aimed at capturing the diversity of forests transformed and managed
by rural communities and a way to introduce a new scientific domain that recognises that production and conservation can be
reconciled and that local communities can be effective managers. This paper argues in the context of the central Western Ghats
of south India that while the domestic forest concept is a useful umbrella term to capture the diversity of forests used by
rural people, these domestic forests are often not autonomous local forests but sites of contestation between local actors
and the state forest bureaucracy. Hence, a paradigm shift within the forest bureaucracy will only occur if the scientific
forestry community questions its own normative views on forest management and sees forest policy as a means to recognise local
claims and support existing practices of forest dependent communities. 相似文献
5.
Community structure and biodiversity in plantations and natural forests of seabuckthorn in southern Ningxia, China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Suo Li You-qing Luo Jian Wu Shi-xiang Zong Guo-long Yao Yuan Li Yuan-mei Liu Yan-ru Zhang 《中国林学(英文版)》2009,11(1):49-54
Two types of sampling plots of seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) communities were investigated in Pengyang County of Ningxia region by a typical sampling method to study the characteristics of community structure and biodiversity. Composition and dominant species of each community were analyzed by the importance value of species as an index. The number of individuals and the importance value, as well as Sorensen’s similarity coefficient, Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Pielou’s evenness index and Simpson’s dominance index, were used as indices to compare characteristics of community structure, similarity and biodiversity between plantations and natural forests of seabuckthorn. The results indicate that the importance values of species of natural seabuckthorn communities were dispersed and the difference between dominant species was not statistically significant. Diversity indices of natural seabuckthorn communities reflected by species richness and evenness were higher than that of plantations. Com-munity structure of natural seabuckthorn forests is more complex. We propose that natural forest can be used as sample to guide se-lection of plant species in silviculture in order to improve biodiversity of plantation. 相似文献
6.
Community-based management of a rural pine forest in a small suburban community, was examined and assessed. In particular,
the study focused on theMatsutake project, which is an initiative seeking to help in the maintenance of a communal pine forest via the cultivation of theMatsutake mushroom by a local seniors’ group. From an ecological perspective, the maintenance work is found to be effective in the
conservation and regeneration of the pine forest ecosystem, including its species diversity, especially in the herb layer.
From a sociological perspective, theMatsutake project presented a valuable opportunity to strengthen connections not only within the seniors’ group, but also between senior
citizens and other generations. However, subsidies for the project have tended to be gradually reduced, because it is difficult
for non-involved community members to appreciate the benefits of the project. For the project to be sustainable, more widespread
participation of the community is essential. A framework for wider analysis of local participatory forest management is also
deemed necessary. 相似文献
7.
By using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique, this paper studied the genetic diversity and genetic differentiation
of Lithocarpus harlandii populations in three forest communities (coniferous forest, coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest, and evergreen broad-leaved
forest) with different succession stages in Tiantai Mountain in Zhejiang Province. The results showed that a total of 173
repetitive loci were produced in 60 individuals of L. harlandii by 12 random primers, among which, 152 loci were polymorphic, and the total percentage of polymorphic loci was 87.86%. The
average percentage of polymorphic loci of the populations was 65.32%, and their total genetic diversity estimated by Shannon
information index was 0.4529, with an average of 0.3458, while that judged from Nei’s index was 0.3004, with an average of
0.2320. The percentage of polymorphic loci, Shannon information index, and Nei’s index of the populations were in the sequence
of coniferous forest community > coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest community > evergreen broad-leaved forest community.
Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that 72.85% of genetic variance was found within the populations, and 27.15%
of genetic variance resided among the populations. The coefficient of gene diferentiation was 0.2277, and the gene flow was
1.6949. The genetic structure of L. harlandii was influenced not only by the biological characteristics of this species, but also by the microenvironment of different
communities. The mean of genetic identity among three populations of L. harlandii was 0.8662, and the mean of their genetic distance was 0.1442. The genetic similarity between coniferous and broad-leaved
mixed forest community and evergreen broad-leaved forest community was the highest, while that between evergreen broad-leaved
forest community and coniferous forest community was the lowest. The unweighted pair group method with arithmeticmean (UPGMA)
cluster analysis based on Nei’s genetic distance showed that conierous and broad-leaved mixed forest community first gathered
with evergreen broad-leaved forest community, and then with coniferous forest community.
__________
Translated from Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2007, 26(4): 509–514 [译自: 生态学杂志] 相似文献
8.
Sumatra’s Rubber Agroforests: Advent, Rise and Fall of a Sustainable Cropping System 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
Until the end of the nineteenth century primary forests covered nearly all the island of Sumatra. The first valorisation of
this natural resource was hunting and gathering activities, followed by and later associated with swidden cultivation of upland
rice. The industrial revolution in Europe and North America in the 1950s created increasing demand for rubber. Answering this
new market opportunity, farmers introduced rubber seedlings in their swiddens amidst the upland rice. By doing so, they invented
a new cropping system, i.e. rubber agroforests. Thanks to the continuously increasing demand for rubber by the developing
industry, rubber agroforests spread over Sumatra’s eastern peneplains until the 1990s. Forest conversion to rubber agroforests
conserves a high level of forest biodiversity and the agroforests act as a buffer zone around national parks. But with growing
demographic pressure, market integration and household monetary needs, agroforests are increasingly endangered. New cropping
systems have appeared and challenge agroforests’ dominance in the landscape. Since the mid-twentieth century, rubber monospecific
plantations have been competing for land, with an undoubtedly higher profitability than agroforests. More recently, oil palm
plantations have spread over the island, quickly becoming the new challenger to rubber agroforestry. Nevertheless, the international
community shows more and more interest in forest and biodiversity conservation. Forest cover in Jambi province has nearly
disappeared over the past 30 years. The only way to save the remnants of forests and agroforests seems to be the creation
of market incentives through conservation programs such as reducing emissions from deforestation and degradation. 相似文献
9.
Plant diversity and its maintenance in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Populus euphratica</Emphasis> riparian forests in the Ejina Oasis,China 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Tom BARIBAULT 《中国林学(英文版)》2010,12(2):55-61
The dynamic environments in riparian zones support a variety of life-history strategies, which constitute a fundamental mechanism for development and maintenance of biodiversity in riparian forest ecosystems. To demonstrate the effect of life-history strategies on biodiversity, we investigated community-level diversity and its relationship to environmental variability in the riparian Populus euphratica forests of the Ejina Oasis. Communities were divided into 14 associations on the basis of their species importance values. The Simpson’s index, Shannon-Wiener index, Pielou’s evenness index and the regional Whittaker’s index were applied to calculate community diversity. An ordination of the sample plots was carried out by correspondence analysis (CA). Biodiversity was relatively low across the entire study area, but there was high community diversity (βw = 8.09) due to the spatial heterogeneity of habitats in different plots. In addition, we investigated the relationship between biodiversity and several environmental factors, such as water availability, community components and soil conditions. We conclude that the heterogeneity of soil and water availability drives community diversity patterns in riparian zones and that community-level diversity favors the maintenance of species diversity in the P. euphratica forests in the Ejina Oasis. 相似文献
10.
The shamba system involves farmers tending tree saplings on state-owned forest land in return for being permitted to intercrop
perennial food crops until canopy closure. At one time the system was used throughout all state-owned forest lands in Kenya,
accounting for a large proportion of some 160,000 ha. The system should theoretically be mutually beneficial to both local
people and the government. However the system has had a chequered past in Kenya due to widespread malpractice and associated
environmental degradation. It was last banned in 2003 but in early 2008 field trials were initiated for its reintroduction.
This study aimed to: assess the benefits and limitations of the shamba system in Kenya; assess the main influences on the
extent to which the limitations and benefits are realised and; consider the management and policy requirements for the system’s
successful and sustainable operation. Information was obtained from 133 questionnaires using mainly open ended questions and
six participatory workshops carried out in forest-adjacent communities on the western slopes of Mount Kenya in Nyeri district.
In addition interviews were conducted with key informants from communities and organisations. There was strong desire amongst
local people for the system’s reintroduction given that it had provided significant food, income and employment. Local perceptions
of the failings of the system included firstly mismanagement by government or forest authorities and secondly abuse of the
system by shamba farmers and outsiders. Improvements local people considered necessary for the shamba system to work included
more accountability and transparency in administration and better rules with respect to plot allocation and stewardship. Ninety-seven
percent of respondents said they would like to be more involved in management of the forest and 80% that they were willing
to pay for the use of a plot. The study concludes that the structural framework laid down by the 2005 Forests Act, which includes
provision for the reimplementation of the shamba system under the new plantation establishment and livelihood improvement
scheme (PELIS) [It should be noted that whilst the shamba system was re-branded in 2008 under the acronym PELIS, for the sake
of simplicity the authors continue to refer to the ‘shamba system’ and ‘shamba farmers’ throughout this paper.], is weakened
because insufficient power is likely to be devolved to local people, casting them merely as ‘forest users’ and the shamba
system as a ‘forest user right’. In so doing the system’s potential to both facilitate and embody the participation of local
people in forest management is limited and the long-term sustainability of the new system is questionable. Suggested instruments
to address this include some degree of sharing of profits from forest timber, performance related guarantees for farmers to
gain a new plot and use of joint committees consisting of local people and the forest authorities for long term management
of forests.
相似文献
Peter DorwardEmail: |
11.
Strategic studies on the biodiversity sustainability in Yunnan Province, Southwest China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Pu Ying-shan Zhang Zhi-yi Pu Li-na 《中国林学(英文版)》2007,9(3):225-237
With an area of 394,000 km2 (4.1% of China's total area) and specific diversified geographical environments, Yunnan houses over 18,000 species of higher plants (51.6% of China's total), 1,836 vertebrate species (54.8% of China's total) and multitu-dinous species of rare, endemic and epibiotic wildlife, ranking first in species richness value and endemicity rate of China's biodiver-sity, thus becoming a rare gene bank of wildlife species with the most concentrated distribution of important wildlife taxa and a key terrestrial biodiversity region of global significance. Despite its evident abundance and endemism, however, the biodiversity is faced with threats of ecological fragility and human disturbances in socioeconomic development resulting in attenuation of biodiversity, degradation of ecosystems and serious loss of species, thus, it needs to be carefully studied for its sustainability. Based on the analy-ses of the geographical diversity, the macro material bases of Yunnan's biodiversity were reviewed and six characteristics of the pro-vincial biodiversity were described in the ecosystems, forest types, species compositions, endemic species, genetic resources, etc. By appraising the present status of the provincial biodiversity conservation, the facts that the biodiversity coexisted with fragility were revealed so that eight key disadvantageous factors in the provincial ecological fragility causing serious biodiversity loss were sum-marized and described in this paper. In order to satisfy the two-fold needs of biodiversity sustainability and socioeconomic develop-ment, eight strategies for the sustainable development were intensively elaborated by borrowing certain theories in modern conserva-tion biology, recycling economics and some successful innovations, and by giving comprehensive consideration to the ecological fragility mechanism, nature reserve construction, environmental protection and the exploitability of resources for biodiversity sus-tainability and socioeconomic development. Accordingly, relevant targets, principles, tactics and measures for effective biodiversity conservation and sustainability were suggested to lay a solid theoretical foundation and reliable scientific basis for the biodiversity and socioeconomic sustainable development. 相似文献
12.
Community-Based Forest Enterprises in Nepal: An Analysis of Their Role in Increasing Income Benefits to the Poor 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
This paper examines the effective practices and constraints of community-based forest management enterprises (CBFEs) in Nepal
in providing income benefits to the poor. The tenure reform clarity and strengthening of tenure rights at community level
through various CBFM programs in Nepal in the last few decades has enhanced opportunities for the rural people to benefit
from forest-based enterprises. However, a key concerns as these programs have advanced over the years has been whether the
poor benefit from them given their high dependence on the forests. To examine this question, 28 CBFE from Nepal’s mid-hills
and mountain districts were selected purposively from among forest user groups (FUGs) engaged in income-generating activities,
varying in their size of membership, use of forest products and stage of growth. These CBFEs have been broadly categorised
into FUGs, networks, cooperatives and companies. The contribution from enterprises to the household economy was found to be
greatest from companies, followed by cooperatives and then networks. The effective practices of the CBFEs in increasing income
benefits were found to include representation of the poor and marginalized groups in executive committees in the FUGs-based
enterprises, targeted employment of the poorest in the collection of non-timber forest products and in processing units in
networks, and enabling the poor to own share capital in cooperatives and companies. The common constraint across all these
categories was found to be lack of adequate capital to sustain the enterprises without external support.The specific constraints
were small membership and land size among FUGs, lack of legal recognition of networks, lack of management skills and member
discipline for cooperatives, and lack of raw materials and marketing capacity for companies. The paper also discusses: the
importance of further policy support to formalize forest user groups into networks, cooperatives and private companies; value
addition to forest products; and capacity building for CBFEs, government line agencies and business services providers. 相似文献
13.
Deepak B. Khatry 《Journal of Sustainable Forestry》2018,37(3):316-338
Roughly 2.8 billion people burn wood for basic energy needs, and traditional wood-fuel represents ~55% of global wood harvest. With increasing anthropogenic disturbance of natural forests, the “stability/fragility” paradigm of forest ecology is gradually being replaced by a “disturbance/recovery” paradigm. In order to understand effects of human-induced disturbances on natural forest ecosystems, and to plan for recovery of disturbed forests, appropriate metrics become necessary. Such metrics will aid in assessment and management of forests for carbon sequestration, biodiversity conservation, ecosystem health, and sustainability of natural resources. Such metrics are especially needed in “wood-fuel hotspots” of the world where over 275 million people live and harvest wood-fuel unsustainably. In this article, I provide metrics of human-induced disturbance in Nepal’s Schima–Castanopsis dominated forests and show relationships of disturbance intensity with forest structure and composition, site productivity potential, natural regeneration, and tree species diversity. Benchmark data were collected from survey of two protected reference forests and compared against three other forests representing a disturbance gradient. The Schima–Castanopsis association is a common dominant forest type in the warm temperate zone of the central Himalayas, and the findings from this study should have wider application. 相似文献
14.
Rahul Karki Krishna K. Shrestha Hemant Ojha Naya Paudel Dil B. Khatri Ian Nuberg Anukram Adhikary 《Small-Scale Forestry》2018,17(1):89-104
There is an increasing recognition of the contribution of forests to food security of poor and marginalized people. However, empirical findings remain limited on how forests contribute to food security. Drawing on four case studies of community forestry in Nepal, this paper discusses pathways through which forests are contributing to food security needs of local communities. The evidence presented here was gathered through 4 years of action research and draws insights from the past 40 years of Nepal’s community forestry practice, which is often regarded as a successful case of conservation and development. It is shown that there are four distinct pathways through which community forests contribute to food security as a source of: (1) income and employment; (2) inputs to increase food production; (3) directly for food; and (4) renewable energy for cooking. Despite emerging pathways linking forest management to food systems at the local level, forestry policies and institutions have neither explicitly recognized nor strengthened the linkage between forest and food security. The paper highlights that there is a need for a fundamental shift in thinking from the conventional notion of ‘forests for soil conservation’ to ‘sustainable forest management for food security’. 相似文献
15.
Environmental functions of tropical forest can serve as criteria for forest conservation planning in the tropics. The objective
of this study is to evaluate the environmental functions of tropical forest in Kinabalu Park, Sabah, Malaysia, using GIS and
remote sensing techniques. Field data, statistical data, including weather data with geographic localities, maps and satellite
image are collected. Linear regression models are developed for forests of different geological substrates, based on the relationships
between altitude and biodiversity (Fisher’s alpha index). Biodiversity conservation function map is derived with the statistical
models and a digital elevation model. Coupling with extensive literature review, an evaluation matrix for evaluating soil
and water conservation functions including landslide prevention, flood prevention and drought prevention functions, is constructed.
To evaluate the soil and water conservation functions, a weighted linear combination method is used with GIS layers of topography,
geology, soil depth, rainfall and slope. Forest areas in Kinabalu Park are derived with land cover mapping using Landsat-TM
image. Areas having high values of biodiversity conservation, flood and drought prevention functions are covered with mainly
lowland rain forest. On the other hand, areas with high values of the landslide prevention function are covered with mainly
subalpine forests. Using the environmental functions, a conservation index is computed to represent forests that are important
to conservation. Based on theCI, the lowland rain forest receives highest priority in protection. In fact, it is located in the boundary areas of the park
and thus exposed to illegal activities.
This study would not be possibly accomplished without the map data as well as other data. 相似文献
16.
As in many parts of the world, rural and forest-dependent communities in Ontario are struggling with a variety of economic
and demographic challenges. Ontario government ministries are seeking to enhance rural sustainable development while at the
same time maintaining forest habitat and preventing forest biodiversity decline. Commercial maple sugar bushes, which in Eastern
Ontario are typically family owned and operated, have the potential to play an important role in biodiversity conservation
and habitat protection, while at the same time contributing to sustainable development. Existing research has shown the social
and economic benefits of small scale maple sugar bushes, but room remains for greater study of the environmental impacts,
particularly in terms of forest biodiversity. In this study, woodlot management practices on twenty-two sugar bushes in Eastern
Ontario were compared against established forest biodiversity conservation guidelines, using information obtained through
detailed interviews with operators. Sugar bush operators reported the presence of many important habitats on their properties.
The interview results show that many standard sugar bush management practices are consistent with biodiversity conservation
principles. Operators were found to be receptive to biodiversity conservation ideals, and could enhance their contribution
to the provincial government’s official biodiversity strategy with additional guidance, incentives, and formal planning. The
findings suggest that through sound management and planning, small scale commercial sugar bush operations generally can be
made environmentally sustainable, and become important components in broader rural development strategies. 相似文献
17.
The main objective with this study is to investigate how different household characteristics, households' perceptions about the security of land use rights, and the households' proximity to forests affect the individual household's willingness to engage in activities that are meant to promote sustainable forest management in Burkina Faso. To achieve this objective we use a multinomial choice model of engagement (or non-engagement) in forest management activities based on household data from 4 villages surrounding the National Kabore Tambi Park in Burkina Faso. The results show that the participation by household members in forest conservation activities is mainly determined by the three variables that are related to policy: membership in community based forest management associations, security of land use rights, and training. The current training programs focus only on forest conservation practices. To be more efficient it should focus on increasing people's knowledge about the benefits due to conservation and the threats resulting from the lack of forest management. Furthermore the results indicate that improving land use right security would increase farmer's willingness to participate in forest management activities such as community work and forest surveillance. Thus particular attention should be paid to the prevailing system of land rights and its incentives, or disincentives, for promoting sustainable management of the forest resource. 相似文献
18.
Correlations between canopy gaps and species diversity in broad-leaved and Korean pine mixed forests
Regeneration of tree species associated with canopy gaps in broad-leaved Korean pine forests was investigated. Species diversity
in gaps and under closed canopy was compared, the relationship between biodiversity and gap structure was analyzed. Results
indicate that there were significant differences between tree species diversity in gaps and that under canopy (p<0.01). In terms of Shannon-Wiener index, evenness index, and abundance index, the biodiversity in gap community were higher
than those under forest canopy in regeneration layer. In terms of Simpson’s dominance index, the dominance of certain species
in the regeneration layer increased from gaps to closed canopy (p<0.01). In contrast, trends of biodiversity changes of succession layer in gaps and under closed canopy were opposite. Tree
species diversity of different layers reacted directly to the change of gap size class. For example, Shannon-Wiener index
and abundance index is higher and Simpson’s dominance index is the lowest in succession layer of medium-size gap (100–250
m2) in the broad-leaved Korean pine forest of Changbai Mountains. Shannon-Wiener index reached the highest in a size of ≥250
m2 and <100 m2, reached the lowest in a size of 200–250 m2 in the regeneration layer. Simpson’s dominance index reached its maximum when the gap size was between 200 and 250 m2. Generally, species of different layers reacted differently to the changes of gap size classes. The gap size class with more
seedlings did not correspond to size class containing more medium-size trees. Tree species diversity indices in the two layers
behaved reciprocally during the development process of forest gaps.
__________
Translated from Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2005, 16(12): 2,236–2,240 [译自: 应用生态学报, 2005, 16(12): 2,236–2,240] 相似文献
19.
Contribution of large-scale forest inventories to biodiversity assessment and monitoring 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Piermaria Corona Gherardo Chirici Ronald E. McRoberts Susanne Winter Anna Barbati 《Forest Ecology and Management》2011,262(11):2061-2069
Statistically-designed inventories and biodiversity monitoring programs are gaining relevance for biological conservation and natural resources management. Mandated periodic surveys provide unique opportunities to identify and satisfy natural resources management information needs. However, this is not an end in itself but rather is the beginning of a process that should lead to sound decision-making in biodiversity conservation. Forest inventories are currently evolving towards multipurpose resource surveys and are broadening their scope in several directions: (i) expansion of the target population to include non-traditional attributes such as trees outside the forest and urban forests; (ii) forest carbon pools and carbon sequestration estimation; (iii) assessment of forest health; and (iv) inclusion of additional variables such as biodiversity attributes that are not directly related to timber assessment and wood harvesting.There is an on-going debate regarding the role of forest inventories in biodiversity assessment and monitoring. This paper presents a review on the topic that aims at providing updated knowledge on the current contribution of forest inventories to the assessment and monitoring of forest biodiversity conditions on a large scale. Specific objectives are fourfold: (i) to highlight the types of forest biodiversity indicators that can be estimated from data collected in the framework of standard forest inventories and the implications of different sampling methods on the estimation of the indicators; (ii) to outline current possibilities for harmonized estimation of biodiversity indicators in Europe from National Forest Inventory data; (iii) to show the added value for forest biodiversity monitoring of framing biodiversity indicators into ecologically meaningful forest type units; and (iv) to examine the potential of forest inventory sample data for estimating landscape biodiversity metrics. 相似文献
20.
A study to determine the best vegetative propagation protocol was carried out for two species of the endemic genus Cloezia for conservation and mining revegetation activities in New Caledonia. Effects of clonal capacities and auxin treatments on
rooting of C. buxifolia and C. aquarum semi-hardwood cuttings taken from wild populations were evaluated in four experiments. Different phenotypes varied in their
capacity to root (from 0 to more than 80%) and this underlines the importance of collecting cuttings from different plants
when revegetation programs are based on vegetative propagation. The experiments evaluated the effectiveness of IBA at 5, 10
and 20 g kg−1, IAA at 5 and 10 g kg−1 and NAA at 1 and 2 g kg−1 treatments to enhance rooting of C. buxifolia tip cuttings and C. aquarum tip and stem cuttings compared to control cuttings with no applied auxin. With the exception of IAA, auxin treatments enhanced
the percentage of cuttings with roots and significantly improved the number of roots per cutting and root length. In this
study, the best treatment is 10 g kg−1 IBA for C. buxifolia. For C. aquarum, 20 g kg−1 IBA significantly enhances quantitatively and qualitatively rooting of both tip and stem cuttings.
Résumé Cette étude porte sur la définition d’un protocole de multiplication végétative optimale de deux espèces du genre endémique Cloezia dans un but de conservation et de revégétalisation en Nouvelle-Calédonie. Quatre essais visent à déterminer les potentialités clonales de différents individus et l’effet de divers traitements hormonaux sur l’enracinement de boutures de C. buxifolia et C. aquarum. L’enracinement des boutures dépend du pied-mère sur lesquelles elles sont récoltées et peut varier de 0 à plus de 80%, ce qui indique l’intérêt de la méthode d’échantillonnage lors de la collecte des boutures. L’effet de traitements hormonaux à base d’AIB, AIA et ANA à différentes concentrations, respectivement de 5, 10 et 20 g kg−1, 5 et 10 g kg−1 et 1 et 2 g kg−1 est également étudié sur des boutures de tête de C. buxifolia et des boutures de tête et de tige de C. aquarum. Ces traitements améliorent le pourcentage d’enracinement et augmentent significativement le nombre de racines produites et la longueur des racines des boutures de Cloezia, à l’exception des traitements à base d’AIA. Dans cette étude, le meilleur traitement est 10 g kg−1 d’AIB pour C. buxifolia et 20 g kg−1 d’AIB pour C. aquarum.相似文献