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1.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the reproductive performance of gilts that had a similar age but different weights at the onset of puberty stimulation by boar exposure at 144 days. Gilts were divided into two groups according to their lifetime growth rate from birth to approximately 144 days of age. Mean growth rates at this moment were 577 and 724 g/day for group 1 (G1; n = 58) and group 2 (G2; n = 58), respectively. After selection, gilts were weighed at approximately 155, 165 and 175 days of age, on the insemination day and at slaughter. Gilts were inseminated, on average, at 193 days of age and were slaughtered 32 days after insemination, when the number of corpora lutea and embryos were recorded. Higher growth rate gilts (G2) reached puberty earlier (155.3 vs 164.1 days; p < 0.01). More gilts of G2 group attained puberty by 190 days of age (p = 0.004) than G1 gilts (95%; 55/58 vs 76%; 44/58). The anoestrous rate, until 60 days after the onset of boar exposure was higher (p < 0.01) in G1 (19.0%; 11/58) than in G2 (3.4%; 2/58) group. However, there were no differences in the pregnancy rate (90.7 vs 94.5), ovulation rate (15.9 vs 16.5), total embryos (12.9 vs 11.7), viable embryos (12.0 vs 11.1) and embryo survival (73.7% vs 68.5%), between G1 gilts and G2 gilts, respectively (p > 0.05). High growth rate gilts attain puberty earlier and have a lower anoestrous rate than low growth rate gilts.  相似文献   

2.
The effect of boar exposure during artificial insemination (AI) on semen backflow, fertilization, and embryo quality was evaluated. Gilts (approximately 170 d) were induced into estrus with PG600, and ovulation was synchronized using hCG 72 h later. Estrus detection was initiated after PG600 and continued at 12-h intervals. At estrus, gilts were allotted to receive boar exposure (BE, n = 20) or no boar exposure (NBE, n = 20) during AI. Gilts receiving NBE were identified to be in estrus prior to AI and the boar was then removed for 1 h, whereas gilts in the BE group received 15 min of exposure during AI. Insemination occurred in crates at 12 and 24 h after onset of estrus with 3 x 10(9) sperm/80 mL. Backflow was collected continuously with samples taken at time 0, (during AI), and at 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 2, 4, and 8 h after first and second AI. The effect of treatment was evaluated for time of insemination (min), backflow (mL), and sperm in backflow samples. Oviducts were flushed 2 d after first AI to evaluate the effect oftreatment on fertilization rate, accessory sperm numbers on embryos (scored 1 to 5), and embryo quality. There was no effect of first or second AI; therefore, data were pooled. Average duration of AI was 3.7 +/- 0.2 min and was not influenced by BE (P < 0.10). However, during the initial stage of AI, BE reduced the volume of semen (18.6 vs 32.4 +/- 3 mL) and the number of sperm lost (0.8 vs 1.3 +/- 0.15 x 10(9) sperm) compared to NBE (P < 0.05). There was a treatment x time effect (P < 0.05) for volume of backflow. By 45 min, the BE gilts lost more volume (9.0 vs 3.6 mL) compared to the NBE group, but sperm loss did not differ. Between 1 and 8 h after AI, neither volume nor sperm loss was influenced by treatment. By 8 h, total leakage (65 vs 63 mL) and total sperm loss (1.6 x 10(9) vs 1.8 x 10(9) sperm) were not influenced by BE (P > 0.10). However, more accessory sperm (P < 0.01) were found on embryos for the NBE (> or = 11 sperm/embryo) compared to BE embryos (< or = 10 sperm/embryo). Despite this observation, percentages of fertilized embryos (99.5 +/- 0.5 %) and number of embryos (11.5 +/- 0.1) were not different (P > 0.10). In conclusion, AI in the presence of a mature boar did not affect total semen leakage, sperm loss, fertilized embryos, or embryo quality. The importance of boar exposure during insemination was evident from less leakage during insemination, but had no effect on fertility; this suggests that the elimination of boar exposure during AI may not be deleterious to reproductive performance.  相似文献   

3.
Contents: The relationship between seminal plasma constitutents in the boar ejaculate and ovulation time was investigated in German landrace gilts in a total of 182 heat periods. The animals were inseminated in the first two trials (I = 34 gilts; II = 60 gilts) once at spontaneous heat with seminal plasma free liquid semen after a pretreatment with either 60 ml seminal plasma or dilution medium. In a third experiment (III) 22 gilts were treated in 4 subsequent heat intervals with 120 ml seminal plasma, oestrogen solution or physiological saline at the beginning of standing heat without any application of spermatozoa to investigate the possibility of induction of ovulation. In the inseminated gilts embryos were recovered surgically 3 to 5 days after AI. Fertilization rate and embryo quality were recorded. The time of ovum activation was calculated in a retrospective manner using the corresponding age values of Hunter (1974) for embryo development. Considering a six hour lapse after ovulation for complete activation of all eggs, the probable ovulation time was determined and used for calculation of the interval between insemination and ovulation. In two experimental groups ovulation was determined by trans cutaneous sonography of the ovaries in the standing gilt. This method revealed a seminal plasma dependent advancement of ovulation time ranging between 5 and 14.4 hours. A seminal plasma dependent prostaglandin release in the endometrium is believed to be the main factor in stimulation of the ovulation process .  相似文献   

4.
To ensure sufficient numbers of pregnant females, particularly at hotter times of the year, hormonal induction of gilt oestrus may be necessary. However, the gilt oestrus and ovulation responses to gonadotrophin treatment have often proven unpredictable. The objective of this study was to examine possible reasons for this unpredictability. Prepubertal gilts (approximately 150 days of age, n = 63) were assigned to one of three treatments: injection of 300 IU hCG (n = 15); pre-treatment with 100 mg FSH in polyvinylpyrrolidinone administered as 2 × 50 mg injections 24 h apart, followed by 600 IU eCG at 24 h after the second FSH injection (n = 23); or FSH pre-treatment as above followed by 300 IU hCG at 24 h after the second FSH injection (n = 25). To facilitate oestrus detection, gilts were exposed to a mature boar for 15 min daily for 7 days. Blood samples were obtained on the day of eCG or hCG injection and again 10 days later and gilt ovulation responses determined based on elevated progesterone concentrations. The oestrus responses by 7 days were 6.7%, 17.5% and 64.0% for gilts treated with hCG, FSH + eCG and FSH + hCG, respectively (p < 0.001). The oestrous gilt receiving hCG alone and one oestrous FSH + hCG gilt did not ovulate, all other oestrous gilts ovulated. A further two anoestrous FSH + eCG-treated gilts ovulated. These data suggest that FSH pre-treatment facilitated the development of ovarian follicles to the point where they became responsive to hCG, but had little effect on the response to eCG.  相似文献   

5.
A system was designed to allow a small swine farm in a northern latitude to use its own boars for artificial insemination (AI) conveniently. Semen was collected twice weekly for 3 day use (days 0, 1 and 2), extended in an egg yolk extender and stored at 5°C. Farm personnel were trained to manage the entire AI programme. For simplicity all semen collected was used for insemination. In the first test 47 gilts and 15 sows were inseminated with semen from four boars. One boar was subfertile with a farrowing rate of 36%. The averages for the other boars ranged from 71 to 100%. Then semen was collected from seven boars and all was used to inseminate 70 gilts and 55 sows with 3 × 109 or more sperm. Overall 63% farrowed an average of 10.1 piglets per litter. Litter size for sows was 1.5 piglets larger than for gilts. There was no difference in farrowing rate when more than 3 × 109 sperm were inseminated. The feasibility of initiating a complete AI programme within a small herd using herd boars was established. However, selection of the boars, use of only high quality semen, and experience with detecting oestrus was required to increase the farrowing rate. The use of various agents to protect sperm against cold shock below 15°C is worthy of further investigation. A new type of electronic probe, which measures the conductivity of cervical mucus, could be helpful if a boar is not available for conventional detection of oestrus.  相似文献   

6.
Sperm morphology and the fertilizing capacity of ejaculated spermatozoa were examined in 6 Swedish Landrace boars before and after heat stress. The boars were exposed to 35° C during 100 h in a climatic room. Fertility was measured by insemination of gilts before and at various times after heat stress. Each gilt (n = 44) was inseminated with a total of 5×109 spermatozoa diluted to 10O ml with EDTA-glucose diluent and fertilization was assessed by examining recovered ova 2 days after insemination.Changes in semen quality varied among the boars from a very weak response in 2 boars to pronounced semen alterations occurring 2–6 weeks after heat stress in the other boars. A close relationship was found between seminal changes and fertilization rates, all ejaculates which had high fertilization rates being of the same quality as the pre-exposure ejaculates. The ejaculates that had poor fertility were characterized by lowered sperm motility and increased numbers of spermatozoa with abnormal heads, proximal cytoplasmic droplets and nuclear pouch formations.  相似文献   

7.
The motility and membrane integrity of spermatozoa from nine boars frozen with a programmable freezing machine in plastic bags, 'cochettes', and in 'maxi-straws', in total doses of 5 x 10(9) spermatozoa/5 ml with glycerol (3%) used as cryoprotectant, were assessed after thawing. A computer-based cell motion analyser was used to evaluate sperm motility, while the integrity of the plasmalemma was assessed with fluorescent supravital dyes (C-FDA/PI). The fertilizing capacity of the semen frozen in the two containers was investigated by inseminating (AI) gilts. Pregnancy was monitored by Doppler-ultrasound, and the numbers of corpora lutea and viable embryos counted at slaughter, between days 30 and 38 after AI. The cochettes sustained the overall procedure of freezing/thawing (FT), with 30 min post-thaw (PT) sperm motility being significantly higher than for straws, 46.9 vs. 39.5%. The only significant difference in motility patterns detected when comparing the packages was a higher sperm velocity (VCL) in cochettes at 30 min PT. However, percentages of FT-spermatozoa with intact membranes, detected with the supravital probes, were higher in maxi-straws than in cochettes, 46.8 vs. 43.0% (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences found in fertilizing capacity between spermatozoa frozen in maxi-straws and those frozen in cochettes. The results indicate that although the deep-freezing of AI-doses of boar semen in large plastic bags is feasible, problems such as their inconvenient size for storage and inconsistent thawing must be solved before this type of container can be used for the commercial cryopreservation of boar semen.  相似文献   

8.
Twenty-four gilts were inseminated pair-wise with live or dead spermatozoa from the same ejaculate. The insemination dose was 100 ml undiluted semen containing, on average, 19×109 spermatozoa. The gilts were slaughtered 1, 2, 6 and 12 h after insemination. The numbers of spermatozoa were counted in the uterus, uterotubal junction and in four equally long segments of the oviduct, called I–IV, with a haemocytometer. IV was adjacent to the uterotubal junction. The numbers of spermatozoa recovered in the uterus diminished significantly during the first 12 h after insemination. From gilts inseminated with live spermatozoa more spermatozoa were recovered in the uterotubal junction than from gilts inseminated with dead spermatozoa. Two h after insemination spermatozoa were recovered in all oviducts. Significantly more live than dead spermatozoa were recovered in Segments III and IV of the oviduct, regardless of time. In gilts inseminated with live spermatozoa the sperm count in Segment I varied significantly with time, being hiigest 2 h after insemination. At 6 and 12 h there were no distinct differences in the distribution of live spermatozoa between the various oviduct segments. The numbers of spermatozoa recovered in the oviduct were at these times apparently related to the sperm depots in the uterotubal junction.  相似文献   

9.
This study evaluated the reproductive performance of gilts inseminated at three intervals before ovulation (0-12, 13-23, 24-30 h) with sperm doses (SD) stored for 0-48 and 96-120 h. A total of 218 PIC Camborough 22 gilts were inseminated once with SD of 1.5 x 10(9) sperms. Pregnant gilts (n = 166) were slaughtered 30.8 +/- 3.7 days after artificial insemination. The number of corpora lutea (CL) and total embryos (TE) was counted. Pregnancy rates (PR) were analysed by chi-square test. TE and embryonic survival (ES), obtained as the ratio between viable embryos and CL, were analysed by GLM procedure (SAS) and mean values were compared by Tukey's test. Pregnancy rate was similar among artificial insemination-ovulation (AIOV) intervals when semen was stored for 0-48 h. However, the lowest PR was observed in the 24-30 h AIOV interval with storage time (ST) of 96-120 h (p < 0.05). There was a significant effect of the interaction between ST and AIOV (p < 0.05) on TE and ES variables. Total embryos and ES did not differ (p > 0.05) among AIOV intervals in ST of 0-48 h. However, gilts inseminated at 24-30 h AIOV interval with ST of 96-120 h showed a reduction of 6.7 embryos (p < 0.05) compared with gilts in the same interval inseminated with semen stored for 0-48 h. ES for the 24-30 h AIOV interval and ST of 96-120 h was lower than that observed in the other groups (p < 0.05).  相似文献   

10.
Thirty large white cross Landrace prepubertal gilts from five litters were allocated at random within litters to one of six treatment. All the gilts were given three daily intramuscular injections of 6 micrograms/kg liveweight of oestradiol benzoate but the first injection was given at either 100 days, 120 days, 140 days, 160 days, 180 days or 200 days old. From the time the first oestrogen injection was given, until the end of the experiment, the gilts were allowed daily contact with a boar for 20 minutes. The gilts were mated with a mature boar at the appearance of the second oestrus and they were slaughtered 20 days later. The numbers of gilts ovulating in the treatment groups were determined from plasma progesterone concentrations measured twice weekly throughout the experiment. The numbers of gilts ovulating within 10 days of the oestradiol benzoate injections were 3 of 5, 1 of 5, 0, 0, 3 of 5 and 1 of 5, respectively, in the groups first treated at 100 days, 120 days, 140 days, 160 days, 180 days and 200 days old. For those gilts which were successfully mated, no significant differences were observed between the treatment groups in the number of viable embryos per gilt.  相似文献   

11.
A porcine in vitro fertilization (IVF) system and seminal quality parameters of frozen–thawed boar semen were used to assess the effectiveness of two different thawing rates of frozen boar semen, and to address the question of whether differences between fertility of ejaculates could be predicted in a limited field trial. In the first experiment, two thawing procedures were analysed (37°C, 30 s; 50°C, 12 s) and no differences in sperm quality were found. However, when the procedure was 50°C, 12 s the IVF results showed a higher number of sperm per penetrated oocyte and a near 10 points higher rate of pronuclear formation. In the second experiment, the fertility results obtained in the limited field trial show to be efficient enough for application in a commercial use, especially for three of the employed boars (fertility ≥80%). In this limited study, the conventional seminal parameters are not accurate enough to discriminate good and bad boars in relation to fertility. On the contrary, parameters of in vitro penetrability are more precise to predict subsequent fertilities. As conclusion, the IVF fertilization system seems to be a good tool to evaluate the quality of frozen–thawed boar semen previous to its commercial way, to verify the bank semen storage quality and a good way to assay new sperm freezing procedures, as it is the more precise evaluating method in estimating the potential fertilizing ability.  相似文献   

12.
To meet weekly breeding targets, it is occasionally necessary to inject exogenous gonadotrophins to induce oestrus in prepubertal gilts. However, the gilt oestrus response to equine chorionic gonadotrophin (eCG) either alone or in combination with human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) can be unpredictable. The objective of the present study was to examine possible reasons for this unpredictability. Prepubertal gilts (90 kg and 153 days of age, n = 109) received an injection of either 600 IU eCG or a combination of 400 IU eCG and 200 IU hCG (PG600), or were non-injected controls, and were then exposed to a mature boar for 15 min daily for 7 days for oestrus detection. At the time of injection, real-time ultrasound revealed that the gilt ovaries had primarily 1–2 mm follicles. Blood samples were obtained at time of hormone injection (day 0) and at days 3, 7 and 10 for assay of serum progesterone concentrations. The oestrus responses by 7 days were15.5%, 73.3% and 0%, for eCG, PG600, and control gilts, respectively (p < 0.001). The oestrus response improved (p < 0.05) with increasing body weight. Based on circulating progesterone levels, all oestrous gilts ovulated except for four of the PG600 gilts. Failure to express oestrus in PG600 gilts was not associated with a premature rise in progesterone.  相似文献   

13.
Frozen-thawed (FT) boar sperm have a reduced fertile life, due in part to a capacitation-like status induced by cooling. Reversal of this cryocapacitation in vitro by exposure to boar seminal plasma (SP) has been demonstrated. The objective of these studies was to determine the effect of SP on the ability of FT sperm to create an oviductal sperm reservoir following artificial insemination (AI). In Experiment one, 35 pre-pubertal gilts were injected (IM) with 400 IU eCG plus 200 IU hCG to induce oestrus. At detection of oestrus, gilts were inseminated with 3 x 10(9) live sperm, either fresh (FS; n = 13), FT (n = 10), or FT supplemented with 10% v/v SP (n = 12). Gilts were killed 8 h later, their reproductive tracts recovered and the uterotubal junctions (UTJs) flushed to recover sperm. Fewer (p < 0.01) sperm were recovered following FT, compared to FS, inseminations, and there was no evident effect of SP. In Experiment two, 30 pre-pubertal gilts received IM injections of 1000 IU eCG followed by 5 mg pLH 80 h later to control time of ovulation. Gilts were inseminated with 3 x 10(9) live FS sperm (n = 6), FT sperm (n = 15) or FT sperm plus 10% SP (n = 9) at 12 h before ovulation and then sacrificed 8 h later. The UTJs were dissected and flushed for sperm recovery. Fewest (p < 0.001) sperm were recovered following FT insemination and there was no evident effect of SP. These data demonstrate that the size of the sperm reservoir is markedly reduced in gilts inseminated with FT sperm. However, the lack of effect of SP suggested that either it did not reverse cryocapacitation or that such a reversal does not impact the in vivo ability to create a sperm reservoir.  相似文献   

14.
Polyspermic fertilization and embryo quality are important issues for the in vitro production of pig embryos. We hypothesized that oocyte donor (prepubertal gilt vs. sow) affects polyspermy and blastocyst development in vitro and that the sexual maturity of the oocyte donor affects the response to sperm concentration in the fertilization medium. In Exp. 1, oocytes of sows and gilts were mounted and stained 12 h after insemination to provide fertilization data. In Exp. 2, putative embryos were developed in vitro to 144 h post-insemination before mounting. In both experiments, cumulus-oocyte complexes (COC) were collected from ovaries of prepubertal gilts and adult sows. Sperm were added after maturation of COC for 40 to 44 h. Sperm from two boars at 0.5 to 5.0 x 10(6) sperm/mL was used for insemination. More (P < 0.01) monospermic fertilizations were observed in oocytes derived from gilts than for oocytes from sows. There were fewer (P < 0.02) penetrated sperm per fertilized oocyte in oocytes from gilts compared with sows. There were effects of semen donor (boar) on the percentage of monospermic (P < 0.01) and polyspermic (P < 0.002) fertilizations, and on the number of penetrated sperm/fertilized oocyte (P < 0.02). In Exp. 2, cleavage and blastocyst formation was evaluated at 2 and 6 d postinsemination, respectively. More (P < 0.001) blastocysts developed from sow-derived oocytes than from gilt-derived oocytes. More (P < 0.05) total cells per blastocyst were observed in embryos from sow-derived oocytes than from gilt-derived oocytes. Semen donor affected the percentage of oocytes cleaving (P < 0.02), and a boar x sperm concentration interaction affected (P < 0.05) the incidence of blastocyt formation. Results indicate that sexual maturity of the donor is not responsible for the high incidence of polyspermy in porcine in vitro fertilization. However, blastocyst development is improved by the use of oocytes from sows rather than from prepubertal gilts.  相似文献   

15.
Contents: A field trial was conducted on 1,463 farms in The Netherlands to compare the fertilizing capacity of boar spermatozoa extended in Beltsville TS (BTS), Modified (MM), or MR-A, and inseminated in 2896 sows and gilts on the first, third or fourth day following collection. Semen was collected, extended, and stored at 18°C at six different AI centers and inseminated by inseminators on their regular routes. Sows inseminated with BTS and MR-A extended semen had higher farrowing rates than MM (79.3, 77.6 us 50.4, P <.0001), higher total pigs per litter (11.4, 11.1 vs 10.0, P <.0001) and higher total pigs born alive (10.7, 10.5 vs 9.4, P <. 0001). The farrowing rate of gilts inseminated with BTS extended semen was superior to MM (73.5 vs. 50.2%, P <.004), while MR-A gave farrowing rates greater than MM (64.1 vs 50.2%, P =.06). There was no difference in litter data for gilts. Farrowing rates for 1 and 4 day semen were superior to 3 day semen (73.2, 73.8 vs 60.3, P <.0001). The semen inseminated on day 4 contained 6 billion sperm per dose rather than the 3 billion per dose for 1 and 3 day semen. Based on the results of this study, BTS and MR-A are effective diluents for extension and storage of boar semen for use within the same week of collection. In addition, semen extended in either BTS of MR-A and stored and inseminated on the fourth day after collection can give fertility equal to first day insemination if the sperm per insemination dose is doubled. Inhalt: Künstliche Besamung beim Schwein: Fruchtbarkeitsergebnisse von Ebersamen nach Flussigkonservierung mit BTS, MR-A oder modifiziertem Modena-Verdünner (MM) und Besamung am ersten, dritten und vierten Tag nach Samengewinnung In einem in den Niederlanden durchgeführten Feldversuch wurden 3 verschiedene Verdünner-Medien für Ebersamen in vivo verglichen. Die Medien waren Beltsville TS (BTS), modifizierter Modena-Verdünner (MM) und das spanische MR-A-Medium. Insgesamt wurden 2896 Jung- und Altsauen in 1463 Herden mit 1, 3 oder 4 Tage altem Sperma besamt. Der Versuch wurde als “split-sample”-Versuch an 6 Eberstationen durchgeführt, der verdunnte Samen bei + 18°Cgelagert und von den Besamungsbeauftragten im Rahmen ihrer regulären Fahrten eingesetzt. BTS- und MR-A-konserviertes Sperma gab bei Altsauen gegenüber MM höhere Abferkelraten (79,3, 77,6 vs 50,4%, P < 0.0001), eine höhere totale Wurfzahl (11,4, 11,1 vs 10,0, P < 0.0001) und eine höhere Anzahl lebendgeborener Ferkel)10,7, 10,5 vs 9,4, P < 0.0001). Die mit BTS-uerdünntem Samen inseminierten Jungsauen wiesen gegenüber MM höhere Abferkelraten auf(73.5 vs 50,2%, P < 0.004). MR-A-Sperma lag ebenfalls hüher als MM-Samen (641 vs 50,2%, P=0.06). Die Wurfgröβen der Jungsauen reigten keine Unterschiede. Die Abferkelergebnisse nach Besamung mit 1 und 4 Tage altem Samen lagen höher als die des 3 rage alten Spermas (73,2, 73,8 vs 60,3%; P < 0.0001). Die am Tag 4 verwendeten Samenportionen enthielten 6 Milliarden Spermien gegenüber 3 Milliarden der nach 1 bzw. 3 Tagen inseminierten Portionen. Die Ergebnkse dieses Versuches zeigen, daβ BTS und MR-A effektive Verdünnermedien sind und die Lagerung von Eberfrischsperma zum Einsatz innerhalb der Entnahmewoche ermoglichen. Darüber hinaus können mit BTS oder MR-A verdünntes und am Tag 4 nach Gewinnung eingesetrtes Sperma Fruchtbarkeitsergebnisse erzielt werden, die ebenso gut sind wie nach Verwendung des 1-Tage-Spermas, wenn die Spermienzahl pro Besamungsdosis verdoppelt wird.  相似文献   

16.
Increased amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during in vitro fertilization (IVF) may cause cytotoxic damage to gametes, whereas small amounts of ROS favour sperm capacitation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of antioxidants [50 μ m β-mercaptoethanol (β-ME) and 50 μ m cysteamine (Cyst)] or a pro-oxidant (5 m m buthionine sulfoximine) on the quality and penetrability of spermatozoa into bovine oocytes and on the subsequent embryo development and quality when added during IVF. Sperm quality, evaluated by the integrity of plasma and acrosomal membranes, and mitochondrial function, was diminished (p < 0.05) after 4-h culture in the presence of antioxidants. Oocyte penetration rates were similar between treatments (p > 0.05), but antioxidants adversely affected the normal pronuclear formation rates (p < 0.05). The incidence of polyspermy was high for β-ME (p < 0.05). No differences were observed in cleavage rates between treatments (p > 0.05). However, the developmental rate to the blastocyst stage was adversely affected by Cyst treatment (p < 0.05). The quality of embryos that reached the blastocyst stage, evaluated by total, inner cell mass (ICM) and trophectoderm cell numbers and ICM/total cell ratio was unaffected (p > 0.05) by treatments. The results indicate that ROS play a role in the fertilizing capacity in bovine spermatozoa, as well as in the interaction between the spermatozoa and the oocytes. It can be concluded that supplementation with antioxidants during IVF procedures impairs sperm quality, normal pronuclear formation and embryo development to the blastocyst stage.  相似文献   

17.
The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of filtration through Sephadex on the subpopulation characteristics of the boar semen. For this purpose 3 ml of 16 commercial doses of fresh diluted boar semen were filtered through a Sephadex G-15/Polypropylene column. Motility parameters were analysed by a CASA system and statistical study was performed by SAS package using the VARCLUS and the FASTLUST procedures. Statistical study revealed four subpopulations in fresh boar semen, as previously had described (Theriogenology 61: 673–690).Total motility was higher in control than in filtered semen, but there were not statistical differences (65.63 ± 9.65 vs 41.40 ± 9.02). Moreover, the analysis did not show many changes neither in the characteristics nor in the distribution of the four subpopulations. As example although ALHmed of filtered samples were slightly higher, there were only significant differences (p < 0.001) in two subpopulations (subpopulation 2 : 2.2 ± 0.05 in control vs 2.7 ± 0.08 in filtered. Subpopulation 3 : 4.5 ± 0.11 in control vs 5.8 ± 0.23 in filtered semen). HME was also statistically different (p < 0.005) in one subpopulation, showing great values in filtered semen (1.7 ± 0.15 vs 3.0 ± 0.30). In conclusion, the filtration by Sephadex/Polypropylene column does not cause strong changes in subpopulation sperm distribution.  相似文献   

18.
The objective of this research was to improve the techniques in processing chilled and frozen‐thawed horse semen. In a preliminary experiment (Exp. I), different techniques for sperm selection and preparation [Swim‐up, Glass wool (GW) filtration, Glass wool Sephadex (GWS) filtration; Percoll] were tested for their suitability for equine spermatozoa and results were compared with the routine procedure by dilution (Exp. I). In the main experiment (Exp. II), two sperm preparation techniques (GWS, Leucosorb®) refering to the results of Exp. I and a previous study of our group (Pferdcheilkunde 1996 12, 773) were selected for processing complete ejaculates either for cooled‐storage or cryopreservation. In a third experiment (Exp. III), pregnancy rates from inseminations with semen processed according to the techniques tested in Exp. II were compared with those obtained with semen processed according to routine procedures. In Exp. I (six stallions, six ejaculates/stallion), between 48 and 92% of spermatozoa were lost following the different sperm selection procedures (p < 0.05). Preparation of sperm increased percentage of progressively motile spermatozoa (pms) [Swim‐up, GW, GWS vs dilution, Percoll (p < 0.05)] and decreased percentage of sperm head abnormalities [Swim‐up, GW, GWS vs dilution, Percoll (p < 0.05)] probably by not improving the quality of individual cells, but by elimination of spermatozoa of inferior quality. In Exp. II (eight stallions, three ejaculates/stallion) Leucosorb® and GWS procedures allowed the filtration of large volumes (extended ejaculates) for routine laboratory practice. GWS and Leucosorb® filtration resulted in increased motility, membrane integrity and sperm viability after storage of spermatozoa until 48 h at +5°C when compared with control (diluted) and centrifuged semen (p < 0.05). Significantly more spermatozoa were recovered after centrifugation (87.8 ± 15.4%) compared with GWS (63.5 ± 18.6%) and Leucosorb® filtration (53.6 ± 22.3%). GWS or Leucosorb® procedure resulted in successful cryopreservation of stallion semen without centrifugation for removal of seminal plasma. The per cycle conception rate of inseminated mares using 200 × 106 pms transferred within 8 h after collection of semen was not affected by GWS filtration or Leucosorb® separation when compared with centrifugation (n.s.; Exp. III). In conclusion, GWS and Leucosorb® filtration results in the improvement of semen quality and should be considered as a method for stallion semen processing. Additional studies are needed for the evaluation of potentially higher fertilizing ability of stallion spermatozoa separated by techniques for sperm selection.  相似文献   

19.
For successful batch farrowing, porcine oestrus and ovulation must be synchronized using fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI). However, exogenous gonadotropins, which are currently used in FTAI, negatively affect gilt ovulation. Here, we aimed to improve sexually mature gilt superovulation efficiency using passive immunization against inhibin during FTAI. Altrenogest-treated gilts were challenged with 10 ml anti-inhibin serum (AIS group, n = 6), 1,000 IU pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG group, n = 6), or 10 ml goat serum (control group, n = 6). Gilts in the AIS and PMSG groups were inseminated according to the FTAI protocol, and gilts in the control group were inseminated during natural oestrus. When PMSG was replaced by AIS during FTAI of gilts, ovulation rate and embryos recovered were significantly greater in the AIS group as compared to the other two groups (p < .05). Especially the average number of 6–8-cell embryos in the AIS group was significantly higher than that in the PMSG group (p < .01). Moreover, the blastocyst number in the AIS group was significantly higher than that in the PMSG group and the control group (p < .05). But there was no significant difference in the blastocyst number between the PMSG group and the control group (p > .05). Besides, plasma levels of estradiol-β (E2) and progesterone (P4) were significantly greater in the AIS group as compared to the other two groups on Day 23 and D 27, respectively (p < .01). In summary, we devised an improved high-yield FTAI protocol for sexually mature gilts using AIS; this protocol had a greater superovulation efficiency than the FTAI using PMSG.  相似文献   

20.
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The reproductive performance of gilts transported for long distances from three high-health breeding farms to six commercial farms was tested after the use of a Parapox-ovis-virus-based immunomodulator, Baypamun N (Bayer AG, Germany). Sixty (60) gilts were injected with Baypamun N, three times (2 days before departure, 2 h before departure and 2 days after their arrival at the commercial farms), while the remaining 60 gilts were injected with placebo at the same times. The results indicated that: (i) no adverse reactions or adverse effects were noticed related to the treatment with Baypamun N, (ii) treatment with Baypamun N improved the reproductive performance of gilts; the proportion of gilts farrowed/total gilts examined, the total number of piglets born, the number of piglets born alive and the body-weight of piglets at farrowing were significantly increased (p < 0.05), and (iii) treatment with Baypamun N reduced (p < 0.05) the cost of medication per gilt examined and per served gilt.  相似文献   

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