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测定了72份国内杧果种质对炭疽病的抗病性和5种药剂对杧果炭疽病病菌的作用.结果表明,红杧最感炭疽病,与大三年、811、龙井、小菲杧、辐为高感种质,台农、135-1和大白玉中感,其余种质中抗,未发现高抗种质.25％咪鲜胺和75％百菌清对杧果炭疽病的分生孢子萌发和菌丝生长均具有良好抑制作用. 相似文献
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杧果对细菌性黑斑病抗病性测定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
杧果细菌性黑斑病是杧果上的三大病害之一,近年来在我国各杧果产区造成严重的危害,而选育抗病品种是防治植物病害最经济有效的途径,因此本试验对海南19个栽培品种进行了田间人工接种,测定了其对细菌性黑斑病的抗病性。结果表明,杧果古铜色叶、淡绿色叶和深绿色叶3种叶龄叶片中,古铜色叶最抗病,病害在同一叶龄叶片上的潜育期长短在不同杧果品种之间有差异,但大部分的潜育期为6 d左右;其次品种间的抗病性有明显差异:越杧较感病;封顺无核杧、金穗杧、四季杧、红杧、粤西1号、紫花杧、生紫杧、马切杧、台农、爱文杧、热杧和凯特中等抗病;香蕉杧、米杧、龙井、大白玉、红象牙杧和桂香较抗病;未发现高抗或免疫的品种。 相似文献
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柑桔黄单胞菌杧果致病变种Xanthomonas citri pv.mangiferaeindicae引起的杧果细菌性角斑病是杧果生产上的重要病害,为探讨杧果感染细菌性角斑病过程中杧果叶片内酚类代谢的变化规律,以细菌性角斑病高抗品种“红杧6号”和高感品种“贵妃”杧为试材,测定接种柑桔黄单胞菌杧果致病变种后杧果叶片内总酚、类黄酮、阿魏酸、木质素相对含量及酚类代谢相关酶(多酚氧化酶和苯丙氨酸解氨酶)活性的变化趋势。结果表明,接种病菌后,感(“贵妃”杧)抗(“红杧6号”)品种体内酚类物质均发生明显的变化。总酚、类黄酮、阿魏酸、木质素相对含量,苯丙氨酸解氨酶和多酚氧化酶活性在接种病菌后均直线上升,抗病品种的总酚、类黄酮、阿魏酸、木质素相对含量增幅较高,且感病品种在侵染后期总酚和类黄酮相对含量均迅速降低;而感病品种的苯丙氨酸解氨酶、多酚氧化酶活性增幅较高。推测杧果叶片的总酚、类黄酮、阿魏酸、木质素相对含量与杧果抗性呈正相关,而苯丙氨酸解氨酶、多酚氧化酶活性与抗病性呈负相关。 相似文献
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杧果炭疽病是杧果生产上最普遍流行、为害最严重的病害之一[1].其病原菌为胶孢炭疽病菌Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz..由于广西杧果生长发育和成熟采收季节高温多雨,所以杧果采后病害发生十分严重,常造成重大经济损失,成为制约广西杧果产业发展的首要问题.目前,杧果炭疽病防治以化学防治为主,成本高、效果差,并且存在果实农药残留和环境污染等安全问题[2].因此,选择种植抗病力强的品种被认为是控制杧果炭疽病等病害最安全有效的方法.近年来,广西杧果种植业稳步发展,引进了大量新品种和种质,主栽品种格局也在发生变化.生产中已发现,不同杧果品种抗病能力存在着显著差异[3]. 相似文献
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《果树学报》2017,(11)
【目的】在获得稳定的抗、感杧果小爪螨(Oligonychus mangiferus)的杧果种质基础上,以害螨和寄主植物的互作机制为切入点,分析与评价不同杧果品种对杧果小爪螨的抗、感性。【方法】通过田间调查和室内评价方法获得抗、感性稳定的杧果品种,经室内饲养观察,记录杧果小爪螨在抗、感杧果品种上的存活率差异,并进一步通过分光光度计测定分析抗、感杧果品种叶片组织内游离氨基酸含量、游离氮含量、游离糖含量、糖/氮比和总酚含量的差异。【结果】杧果小爪螨只危害杧果的功能叶,不危害嫩叶和老叶;在筛选获得的6个抗、感性稳定的杧果品种中,‘台农一号’和‘红芒VI号’对杧果小爪螨表现为高抗和抗螨,而‘鸡蛋芒’‘秋芒’‘紫花’和‘粤西I号’对杧果小爪螨表现为感螨;抗性品种‘台农一号’和‘红芒VI号’较感性品种‘紫花’和‘粤西I号’功能叶中含有较多的游离糖、较高的糖/氮比和较多的总酚,2者间差异显著,但抗、感性品种的功能叶、嫩叶和老叶中的游离氨基酸含量、游离氮含量及嫩叶、老叶中的游离糖含量、糖/氮比和总酚含量无显著差异。【结论】不同杧果品种对杧果小爪螨存在显著的抗、感性差异,其抗性与杧果功能叶中的游离糖含量、糖/氮比和总酚含量相关,为杧果抗螨种质的挖掘与创新利用、抗螨分子设计育种提供了基础信息、参试材料及理论依据。 相似文献
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杧果(Mangifera indica L.)是中国乃至世界主要的热带水果之一,在广西百色右江河谷地区大面积种植。炭疽病和蒂腐病是引起杧果采后腐烂的主要病害,但不同杧果品种对炭疽病、蒂腐病的抗性存在较大差异。本文分析杧果病害相关的研究进展,如病原菌的分离鉴定、病害的综合防治、抗性种质资源遗传多样性研究、杧果转录组和蛋白质组分析等,探讨了目前杧果采后病害抗性相关分子机理研究所存在的不足,提出了今后的研究方向。 相似文献
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《果树学报》2015,(3)
【目的】测定杧果蒂腐病可可球二孢(B.theobromae)不同菌株的致病力及评价杧果品种的抗病性,为杧果蒂腐病防治技术的研究奠定基础。【方法】采用室内人工接种的方法,对124个B.theobromae菌株进行致病力测定,并针对11个杧果品种进行抗病初步测定。【结果】B.theobromae菌株之间致病力有较大差异,强致病力菌株占28.23%,中等致病力菌株占66.93%,弱致病力菌株占4.84%。同一品种资源分别接种5个不同菌株,抗病性存在较大差异;但是,通过接种B.theobromae后的平均病情指数进行抗性分级,对多个菌株的抗病性进行综合评价发现,‘象牙’为高感(HS)材料,而其余10份材料均表现为感病(S)。【结论】杧果可可球二孢是引起杧果蒂腐的优势病原菌,强致病力和中等致病力菌株在海南分布广泛;供试11份杧果材料中没有对B.theobromae菌株表现抗病的杧果品种。 相似文献
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杧果炭疽病病原菌鉴定及生物学特性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对杧果炭疽病菌进行分离鉴定及生物学特性研究。结果表明,杧果炭疽病病原菌鉴定为胶孢炭疽Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz.。菌丝生长和分生孢子萌发适宜温度分别为25~32℃和20~32℃;适宜pH值分别为6~9和5~8。供试7种碳源中,蔗糖和葡萄糖最有利于菌丝生长,蔗糖和麦芽糖最有利于分生孢子萌发;供试7种氮源中,蛋白胨有利于菌丝生长和分生孢子萌发。光暗交替有利于菌丝生长和孢子萌发,分生孢子致死温度和时间为55℃处理15分钟。 相似文献
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N. Krishnapillai R. S. Wilson Wijeratnam 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2017,92(2):206-213
Sap burn injury and postharvest diseases are major causes of mango fruit quality deterioration, resulting in considerable postharvest losses in many countries. Susceptibility of selected cultivars of mango in Sri Lanka to sap burn injury and the incidence of anthracnose and Aspergillus rot of mango were examined in this study. Volatile components of non-aqueous (oil) phase were investigated using GC-MS, and artificial inoculation studies were carried out to assess disease resistance with Colletotrichum queesnlandicum (KC 820802) and Aspergillus niger (KC 820801). It was observed that the popular ‘Karuthakolumban’ and ‘Willard’ mangoes with high sap flow at harvest and high sap burn incidence were more susceptible to sap burn injury compared with ‘Chembaddan’ and ‘Ambalavi’ mangoes. Cultivar variations in susceptibility to Aspergillus rot of mangoes are reported for the first time in this study, where ‘Willard’ mangoes were more resistant to Aspergillus rot than other cultivars. The sap exudates of ‘Ambalavi’ and ‘Karuthakolumban’ mangoes were observed to contain the preformed antifungal compounds 5-pentadecyl resorcinol and 5-(Heptadeca-8,11- dienyl) benzene1,3-diol, with variety ‘Ambalavi’ showing a high resorcinol level. These cultivars were found to be resistant to anthracnose disease. These results suggest that presence of sap volatiles is cultivar dependent and could be used to identify cultivars resistant to postharvest diseases and sap burn. 相似文献
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由于一些侵染性病害的影响,浙江省主要梨产区出现早期落叶严重的现象,严重影响了砂梨产业的发展。通过对浙江省杭州市商业梨园主栽品种的田间调查发现,不同品种对病菌的抵抗能力不同。圆黄为黑斑病的易感品种,但对炭疽病的抗性较强;黄花和翠冠较抗黑斑病,但黄花炭疽病的发病率较高;3个品种的锈病发病率没有显著差异。病菌侵染和落叶时间的相关性分析表明,病菌侵染后翠冠和圆黄落叶较黄花早;受黑斑病菌侵染的叶片最易脱落,而梨炭疽病菌和梨锈病菌不易引起落叶,仅在后期形成穿孔。总体上圆黄早期落叶现象最为严重。受梨黑斑病菌侵染后,叶片诱导POD活性的增加来抵御病原菌的侵染。 相似文献
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Mango, the king of fruits in India is cultivated commercially in many tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Undoubtedly, mango malformation is a serious disease affecting mango production in India and many other countries around the world. It is now shown that the malady is inflicted by Fusarium, a fungus, and also that the plants have the capacity to suppress or reduce pathogen attack by inducing the synthesis of antimicrobial metabolites such as chitinase and/or the synthesis of lignin, both of which may enhance plant defense system. The present study was aimed at investigating the variability and relationship between activities of chitinase, β-1,3-glucanase and content of lignin in the leaves using 12 mango cultivars with the different degree of resistance to floral malformation. Results revealed that the activity of chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase in the leaves were significantly high in mango cultivars resistant to malformation (r = −0.90 and r = −0.91, respectively) during the flowering period, whereas lignin content did not show a significant correlation with malformation. The highest activity of chitinase (1.977–2.011 units) and β-1,3-glucanase (80.54–82.06 units) was recorded in resistant mango cultivars Bhadauran and Elaichi. In contrast, these activities were less than 1.010 and 25.21 respectively in highly susceptible mango cultivars such as Amrapali, Eldon and Neelum. Lignin content was highest in resistant cultivar Bhadauran, but it did not show significant relation to the malformation intensity of the cultivars. Thus, leaf chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase may be contributing towards resistance to malformation in mango and that the relative activities of these enzymes can be used as a criterion to predict and screen the mango germplasm and cultivars for resistance to floral malformation. 相似文献
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菜豆（油豆角）炭疽病菌的分离鉴定及抗病资源筛选 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对侵染菜豆（油豆角）品种群的炭疽病菌进行分离鉴定,并对该品种群进行抗炭疽病资源筛选。结果表明,通过形态学和分子鉴定,确定从油豆角炭疽病样本中分离纯化的病原菌为菜豆炭疽菌。利用该菌液分别侵染48份油豆角品种的苗期叶片和成熟期嫩荚,发现苗期抗病品种为44份,感病品种为4份,其中1份为高感品种;成熟期抗病品种为40份,感病品种为8份,其中高感品种为3份。以叶片和荚的病情指数为变量显示苗期和成熟期的抗性呈极显著相关,其相关系数分别为Kendall：0.315,Spearman：0.411。 相似文献
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H.C. Passam 《Scientia Horticulturae》1982,16(2):171-177
The fruit characteristics and storage potential of some local and introduced mango cultivars grown in Trinidad were compared. At ambient temperature (28–32°C), fruit could be stored satisfactorily for between 3 and 8 days, after which ripening rapidly occurred. At 14°C, storage life was increased to as much as 18 days (cultivar ‘Graham’). Enclosure of fruits individually in polythene bags increased storage life at either ambient or 14°C temperature, while treatment with 3% Sta-fresh wax increased storage at ambient but not at 14°C. In the case of ‘Doodooth’, which was highly susceptible to anthracnose, treatment of fruit with hot water (52 ± 2°C) containing 500 or 1000 mg l?4 benomyl for 5 min reduced the incidence of disease. Results are discussed in relation to the export potential of mangoes. 相似文献
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采用幼苗植株和离体叶片两种接种方法对10个甜瓜品进行抗白粉病鉴定,结果表明,离体叶片接种鉴定结果与幼苗植株接种法鉴定结果相一致,均把10个甜瓜品种划分为3个类型,即感病品种、中抗品种,高抗品种。其中齐甜一号、龙信5号、银蜜、玉脆被划为感病品种;3-2-2、Esteen、Topmark、甜帅为中抗品种;16H、N53为高抗品种。相同类型品种之间抗病性差异不显著。但是不同类型品种之间存在着显著性差异。两种鉴定方法虽在病情指数上有些波动。但不影响划分类型。离体叶片接种法快速、简便、结果可靠。 相似文献
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大连地区菜豆主栽品种对比试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对目前大连地区菜豆栽培品种单一、单位产量低、连作病虫害严重的问题,为了筛选出适合大连地区栽培并符合市民口味的菜豆品种,对大连地区7个主栽菜豆品种进行了品比试验,比较其在生育期、植物学性状、商品荚性状、抗病性、产量及营养物质方面的表现情况。结果表明:连农923始收期最早,始花节位最低,产量较高,但不抗锈病;连农无筋6号和连农无筋2号生长势旺,分枝数多,均中抗锈病;连农97-5属于中熟品种,种子千粒质量大,中抗锈病;连农特嫩5号属于白色荚系列,无筋,较早熟,不抗锈病,产量较低;连农架豆10号较早熟,产量最高,高抗锈病,品质优秀;连农紫霞1号商品荚为紫色,含有较高的花青素,可以满足市民对特菜的需求,但不抗锈病;供试品种均不抗炭疽病。 相似文献
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Isolation of resistance gene analogs from grapevine resistant and susceptible to downy mildew and anthracnose 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Downy mildew and anthracnose are major diseases of the grapevine (Vitis spp.) cultivars grown in Thailand. Due to the deleterious effects of fungicides frequently used for disease management in grapevine, disease resistance genes have been sought after with the ultimate goal of developing new cultivars with improved disease resistance levels. In this study, nucleotide-binding site (NBS)-leucine rich repeat (LRR) class of resistance gene analogs (RGAs) were cloned by PCR amplification using degenerate primers specific to P-loop and GLPL, conserved regions of NBS. Ninety-one clones containing putative RGA sequences were obtained from a downy mildew and anthracnose resistant hybrid ‘NY88.0507.01’ and a susceptible cultivar ‘Black Queen’. These cloned sequences were subdivided into 14 groups based on their nucleotide sequence similarity of 90% or greater. BLASTx of fourteen selected clones showed the highest amino acid sequence similarity with known NBS-LRR proteins or putative resistance (R) protein candidates. Multiple alignments of these representative RGAs with 5 known R proteins revealed conserved P-loop, kinase-2, RNBS and GLPL motifs which are typical components of the NBS-LRR proteins. Four RGAs had at least 40% identity with known R proteins. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the representative RGAs from both resistant and susceptible grapevines dispersed along the phylogram on the two major branches of either TIR (Drosophila Toll and mammalian Interleukin-1 Receptor) or non-TIR type of the NBS-LRR proteins. 相似文献
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通过人工接种的方法,对“红大片”、“红小片”、“新籽一号”、“民籽一号”、“黑丰大板”和“内蒙黑中片”6个打瓜品种进行打瓜细菌性果斑病的抗性鉴定.结果表明:“黑丰大板”、“内蒙黑中片”的抗性较强,属于中抗品种;“新籽一号”、“民籽一号”属于中感品种;“红大片”、“红小片”抗性较差,属于感病品种,未发现高抗或免疫品种;用9种杀菌剂对打瓜细菌性果斑病进行了室内、盆栽防治试验,所有供试药剂对该种病害防治效果都不理想,其中较好的为53％氢氧化铜粉剂1.5 g/L,防治效果为54.6％. 相似文献