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过瘤胃脂肪对奶牛体况及生产性能的影响 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
根据泌乳奶牛产奶量的差异,在其精料中添加适量的过瘤胃脂肪,观察泌乳奶牛生产性能和体况所受的影响。试验结果表明,过瘤胃脂肪的添加使奶牛的产奶量显著增加,乳的成分发生变化,其中乳脂含量上升了6.23%,乳蛋白的含量下降了4.51%。同时,添加过瘤胃脂肪,显著地改善了泌乳牛的体况,对产量高而体质赢瘦及虚弱的奶牛具有重要意义。 相似文献
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根据胎次、产奶量、泌乳时间相近的原则选择泌乳奶牛200头,随机分为对照组和试验组,每组100头,对照组饲喂常规日粮,试验组饲喂常规日粮+40 g/d过瘤胃蛋氨酸(RPM,有效成分:HMBi,2-羟基-4-甲硫基丁酸异丙酯)。探讨日粮添加过瘤胃蛋氨酸对奶牛生产性能的影响。结果:添加过瘤胃蛋氨酸的试验组产奶量较对照组提高了1.3 kg/d(P>0.05);试验组的乳蛋白、乳脂率和体细胞数较对照组均有所提高(P>0.05);经济效益方面,试验组每头牛每天比对照组多盈利2.49元。试验表明:日粮中添加过瘤胃蛋氨酸有助于提高奶牛生产性能和经济效益。 相似文献
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胆碱在单胃和幼龄反刍动物上的应用,国内外有较多的研究报道,已被人们广泛认可。对于成年奶牛,由于其体内能够以蛋氨酸、维生素B12等为原料进行生物合成,因此在生产实践中,奶牛的胆碱营养容易忽视。然而奶牛体内合成的胆碱仅可以满足维持和低泌乳量的需要,对于高产奶牛,尤其是在泌乳早期和高峰期,常表现为能量负平衡,此时对胆碱的需要量很大。若胆碱供应不足会造成奶牛不同程度的肝脂肪浸润,并伴有生产性能和繁殖性能的降低。然而,若直接向奶牛日粮中添加胆碱会被瘤胃微生物降解,因此需要对高产奶牛补充能够通过瘤胃的胆碱。1胆碱的生理作… 相似文献
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奶牛养殖过程中,围产期被认为是最重要的时期之一,在该时期奶牛从干奶状态转为泌乳状态,生理上所受的应激造成奶牛泌乳早期采食量降低,易发生能量负平衡.此外,奶牛生产性能和繁殖性能也会降低,并常常伴有一些围产期疾病的发生,如脂肪肝、酮症、乳房炎等.胆碱能影响奶牛的生产与繁殖性能,参与奶牛的脂肪代谢,可降低脂肪肝发生率,提高免疫性能.对围产期奶牛饲喂过瘤胃保护胆碱(rumen protected choline,RPC),可改善奶牛机体代谢,增加小肠胆碱供应,进而提高奶产量、改善乳成分、缓解脂肪肝、减少围产期疾病的发生.本文综述了RPC对围产期奶牛干物质采食量、生产性能、乳成分以及健康状况的影响,旨在为围产期奶牛的养殖提供理论参考依据. 相似文献
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试验旨在研究日粮添加过瘤胃蛋氨酸和过瘤胃赖氨酸对高产奶牛生产性能、乳成分及经济效益的影响。按照胎次、产奶日期、日产奶量一致的原则,选择处于泌乳高峰期的健康中国荷斯坦奶牛96头,随机分为对照组和试验组,每组48头牛,每头牛1个重复。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组饲喂基础日粮+过瘤胃氨基酸[过瘤胃蛋氨酸添加量20 g/(头·d);过瘤胃赖氨酸添加量27 g/(头·d)]。预试期7 d,正试期30 d。结果表明:①日粮添加过瘤胃蛋氨酸和过瘤胃赖氨酸极显著提高奶牛日产奶量3.63%(P0.01),极显著提高饲料转化率4.49%(P0.01)。②日粮添加过瘤胃蛋氨酸和过瘤胃赖氨酸极显著降低尿素氮含量26.92%(P0.01),对乳脂率、乳蛋白率、体细胞数无显著影响(P0.05)。③与对照组相比,试验组奶牛经济效益增加2.30元/(头·d)。在本试验条件下,日粮添加过瘤胃蛋氨酸和过瘤胃赖氨酸能够提高高产奶牛产奶量,提高饲料转化率,提高经济效益。 相似文献
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过瘤胃保护胆碱在奶牛生产中的应用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
过瘤胃保护胆碱（RPC）可有效防止瘤胃微生物对胆碱的降解,使胆碱在理想部位即小肠释放进而被吸收。许多研究证实,RPC促进围产期奶牛健康,提高生产性能以及繁殖性能。本文系统综述了过瘤胃保护胆碱对奶牛代谢和生产性能的影响与作用机制,讨论了影响其添加效果的各种因素及胆碱过瘤胃技术的现状。 相似文献
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Health problems occurring during the transition period in dairy cattle are of utmost importance as they can decrease the animal’s reproductive performance and favor the development of various metabolic diseases with resultant significant reproductive disorders. Among the commonly reported metabolic diseases occurring during that time, hyperketonemia is the most prevalent and could provoke a significant economic impact. The failing of a dairy cow to transit optimally between pregnancy and lactation is economically very relevant and should be considered. Until now, the role of insulin resistance (IR) in the etiology of subclinical ketosis (SCK) in dairy cattle is not clearly understood. This review aims to shed some light on the role of IR and oxidative stress in dairy cows with SCK during the transition period. The data presented in this review demonstrates that dairy cows could be vulnerable to the development of negative energy balance during transition. Moreover, the transitional cows could succumb to both IR and oxidative stress; however, the exact role of IR in cows with SCK needs further investigations. It is imperative to elaborate a suitable nutritional strategy to facilitate an easy transit of cows through this critical period and to minimize health problems and improve productivity during lactation. 相似文献
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《中国畜牧杂志》2019,(12)
试验旨在研究不同泌乳阶段奶牛饲喂相同日粮对采食行为和日粮营养物质表观消化率的影响。选择体重、胎次相近的8头健康泌乳牛,其中4头处于泌乳盛期(泌乳盛期组),4头处于泌乳后期(泌乳后期组),2组奶牛饲喂相同日粮,预试期15 d,正试期15 d。结果表明:泌乳盛期组奶牛每天干物质采食量(24.0 kg)高于泌乳后期组(P<0.01),泌乳盛期组奶牛每千克干物质的采食时间、一昼夜总反刍时间、躺卧时间均低于泌乳后期组(P<0.01),;泌乳盛期组奶牛日粮中中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维的表观消化率低于泌乳后期组(P<0.01)。由此可见,泌乳盛期奶牛采食时间极显著高于泌乳后期奶牛,泌乳盛期奶牛躺卧时间极显著少于泌乳后期。 相似文献
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OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of induction of parturition on health, milk production and reproductive performance of dairy cows. DESIGN: A prospective cohort study in 62 dairy herds. PROCEDURE: Health, milk production and fertility indices were documented for 1449 dairy cows treated with dexamethasone trimethylacetate, with or without prostaglandin to induce calving. Equivalent data was collected for 603 untreated herd mates that calved at approximately the same time. RESULTS: The median interval from initial treatment to calving was 11 days. Induction was associated with a substantially lower calf survival and commercial value of surviving calves. Calf viability and value was lower when induced cows were at an earlier stage of pregnancy. Retained foetal membranes, photosensitisation and other problems were significantly more frequent in the induced group compared to the untreated group. Milk production of induced cows was approximately 4% lower than untreated ones, but the majority of reproductive indices were not significantly different between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: The practice of induction of parturition in seasonal calving dairy herds is a reliable way of shortening the gestation period of cows. Costs associated with morbidity and mortality of induced cows and losses in lactation and calf production are offset by benefits of improved reproductive performance and more efficient management of the herd. The welfare aspects of induction on calf survival must be considered. 相似文献
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为了对比不同泌乳阶段奶牛的采食、反刍、逍遥行为和日粮营养物质表观消化率,选择体重、胎次相近的8头健康荷斯坦泌乳奶牛,其中,4头处于泌乳盛期(泌乳盛期组),4头处于泌乳后期(泌乳后期组),进行了采食行为观察和消化试验,两组奶牛预饲期20 d,正试期15 d。结果表明,泌乳盛期组奶牛每天的干物质采食量为21.2 kg,极显著高于泌乳后期组的14.1 kg(P<0.01),但两组奶牛的采食时间和采食次数无显著差异(P>0.05),泌乳盛期组奶牛每千克DM采食的时间也极显著低于泌乳后期组奶牛(P<0.01);一昼夜总反刍时间泌乳盛期组奶牛极显著低于泌乳后期组(P<0.01),每千克DMI需反刍时间泌乳盛期组奶牛极显著低于泌乳后期组(P<0.01)。泌乳盛期组奶牛躺卧、走动和站立时间与泌乳后期组奶牛相比无显著差异(P>0.05)。泌乳盛期组奶牛日粮中NDF和ADF的表观消化率极显著低于泌乳后期组(P<0.01),两组奶牛NDF的表观消化率分别为55.8%、67.8%,ADF的表观消化率分别为44.2%、60.7%。 相似文献
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《中国畜牧杂志》2019,(11)
本试验旨在比较长三角地区冬季发酵床与栓系式饲养奶牛泌乳、健康性能和舒适度等差异。于2018年1月21—27日在长三角地区某规模化奶牛场选择发酵床牛舍与栓系式牛舍的健康的4岁、2胎次、泌乳天数150 d左右荷斯坦奶牛各10头,检测泌乳性能、血液生化指标、舒适度。结果表明:发酵床与栓系式饲养奶牛的产奶量、乳品质、血常规指标无显著差异;在血液生化指标上,发酵床饲养奶牛胆碱酯酶和总胆固醇含量极显著低于栓系饲养奶牛;在舒适度指标上,发酵床饲养奶牛卧床躺卧率(75.05%)显著高于栓系式饲养奶牛(64.74%),其牛舍相对湿度(70.63%)也显著高于栓系式牛舍(61.58%),但卧床站立率(7.89%)极显著低于栓系式饲养奶牛(35.26%)。综上,长三角地区冬季发酵床饲养奶牛能在保持泌乳性能的基础上,在一定程度上提高奶牛的躺卧舒适度。 相似文献
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DHI测定是奶牛场精细化管理的工具,它不仅反映奶牛的产奶性能,饲养管理与健康水平,还能根据报表信息对奶牛场的育种与繁殖情况进行评价从而改进管理措施,利用好DHI报表信息可以提高奶牛场的技术管理水平和经济效益。本研究通过采集宁夏某奶牛场12个月的DHI报表数据,分析乳脂肪、乳蛋白、尿素氮、体细胞数、泌乳持续力等关键性指标,对该奶牛场的生产性能、经营管理、育种繁殖状况进行综合评定。结果表明：该牛场的泌乳高峰日到达较晚;牛群乳房炎在冬季发生率较高;群体尿素氮含量处于正常范围（10-18mg/dL）,对奶牛的繁殖性能影响较小;泌乳持续力较高、奶牛群体平均泌乳天数较长引起的繁殖问题较严重。针对测检和分析中发现的问题,提出了建议的改进措施。 相似文献
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将30头围产期健康奶牛随机分为3组,每组均为10头,其中Ⅰ组为对照组,Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组为试验组;Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组分别于产前第28d开始饲喂标准日粮(能量摄入100%组)、标准日粮增加20%能量(能量摄入120%组)和标准日粮减少20%能量(能量摄入80%组),产后各组奶牛均饲喂标准泌乳日粮,至产后第56d结束,观察不同能量摄入水平对产后奶牛产乳性能及血液中瘦素(Leptin)和神经肽Y(NPY)浓度的影响。试验结果表明,产前饲喂低能日粮不仅提高了产后奶牛产乳性能,而且提高了产后奶牛血液中Leptin和NPY浓度。可见,奶牛不同能量摄入水平与产奶量及血液中Leptin和NPY浓度之间存在着密切的关系。 相似文献
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产乳热是奶牛产犊后泌乳造成血钙水平下降而引发的营养代谢性疾病，其发生病率非常高，对奶牛健康和生产性能影响较大。产乳热增加了奶牛生育性炎症、生殖障碍和内分泌、消化等方面疾病发生的几率，对养殖业造成很大的损失。影响奶牛产乳热的因素有很多，不仅包括奶牛品种、年龄、体况评分、产乳热史等牛自身因子，也包括饲养管理层面的因素，如泌乳天数、干奶期、产犊间隔的控制及奶牛饲料营养水平的调控，还与气候、环境等外界因素相关，这些影响因子往往相互交织，增加了奶牛产乳热的预防和治疗难度。作者综述了奶牛产乳热的发病机理，分析研究了各种因子对奶牛产乳热的影响机制，并介绍了几种预防措施，主要包括对奶牛饲养环境的管理、产犊间隔和泌乳情况的控制和奶牛不同阶段饲料营养水平的调控，以期为降低奶牛产乳热提供理论依据。 相似文献
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Mehdi Zarifi Sébastien Buczinski Ali Rezakhani Mohammad Reza Mokhber Dezfouli Ali Khonsha 《Journal of Veterinary Cardiology》2012,14(3):415-421
ObjectivesTo study the effect of pregnancy and lactation on echocardiographic parameters in Holstein dairy cows.AnimalsNine multiparous high milk producing (HMP) dairy cows (producing more than 40 kg of milk per day in peak production) and 9 low milk producing (LMP) cows (producing less than 30 kg or milk per day in peak production).MethodsEchocardiography was performed twice; one month before calving and two months after calving.ResultsThe heart rate of HMP cows in the early lactation period was significantly higher than in the dry period. In LMP cows, there was a significant increase in left ventricular dimension in the early lactation period as compared to the dry period, and the interventricular septum in systole (IVSs) in the dry period was significantly thicker than early lactation period. In HMP cows, there was an increase in the right ventricular diameter in systole in the early lactation period as compared to the dry period. Left ventricular and aortic dimensions in the dry period of HMP were significantly higher than those of LMP cows. When the data were corrected for body weight, comparison of values of the dry period of HMP and LMP cows showed that left ventricular volume in systole in HMP was significantly higher and that IVSs, left ventricular fractional shortening and ejection fraction were significantly lower than in LMP cows.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that lactation influences the intracardiac dimensions. The amount of milk production can influence echocardiographic parameters in dairy cows. 相似文献