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茶文化是我国民族传统文化的重要内容,为古今人们的生活提供丰富的物质和精神财富,更为当代茶馆、茶企业、茶生态园、茶文化主题公园等与茶相关的行业、场所的环境设计提供丰富的素材。本文以茶的文化形式为切入点,分析茶文化中"形、意、神"符号语言,着重探讨在其茶环境设计中的运用,旨在为当前与茶相关的景观设计提供理论参考,促进茶文化的广泛传播。 相似文献
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在中国茶叶的百花丛中 , 福建茶叶一枝独秀 . 福建晋朝就有茶 , 唐朝已产贡茶 . 福建的茶 树品种、良种普及率、茶叶品类、特种茶、天福茶博院等位列五个 " 世界之冠 " . 福建茶叶 总产、总值、品种、品类、良种分布、茶博院等名居六个 " 全国第一 " . 茶叶出口占全国第 二、茶园采摘面积为全国第三 . 福建名茶层出不穷 , 茶叶人才遍布全省 , 茶叶文化源远流长 , 福建茶叶可谓誉满古今中外 . 在人类漫长的历史长河中 , 福建茶叶不断发展 . 这一切都意 味着福建是一个茶叶大省 . 相似文献
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2013年4月24日,在宁波召开的"海上茶路·甬为茶港"研讨会上,来自海内外的90多位专家、学者,通过了《"海上茶路·甬为茶港"研讨会共识》,对宁波作为"海上茶路"启航地的地位再次作了确认,认为宁波作为中国茶叶、茶具出口的主要港口,其时间之早,历史之长,数量之多,影响之大,均为中国之最. 相似文献
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最近一、二年一些茶区开发"有机茶、无公害茶、生态茶"炒得很热乎,各地提法不尽相同,有的叫有机茶,有的叫无公害茶,有的叫生态茶,也有叫无公害(有机)茶,无公害(放心)茶,无公害生态茶,绿色食品茶等,"词儿"很多,弄也弄不灵清,可以肯定提倡开发这些产品的部门是清楚的,都有自己特定的要求和定义,但是,茶区基层干部和茶农不一定都很清楚,有茶农反映:到底听谁好?到底要我们开发什么茶,建立什么样的生产基地?有没有销路和效益,这是茶农最关心的问题.现在,这些新名称的成品茶已经陆续上市,反映在茶叶包装上、媒体广告上,可以这样说,这些有机茶,无公害茶,生态茶,绿色食品茶等,目前还没有可以用简单直观的办法去区别与常规茶的"不同"之处,只能凭"标志"的感觉去选购,有的消费者又不放心,怕上当受骗,无所适从. 相似文献
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一、"茶为国饮"问题 "茶为国饮"的提法应该是"名正言顺"的.茶是我国自古以来的大众饮料,"清茶一杯"、"客来敬茶"、"以茶会友"等均体现了华夏古国礼仪之邦、文明之国的文化积淀.何为"国饮"?中国国际茶文化研究会刘枫会长在<倡导茶为国饮>一文中说:"就是要通过推广,让饮茶不仅成为中国的一种民俗,而且在国际上成为一种民族文化的象征符号." 相似文献
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武夷品俊寰球同珍 --为武夷山首届世界遗产节而作 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
世界自然与文化遗产的中国武夷山,以其丹山碧水、秀峰奇茗著称于世.素有"风景秀甲东南、岩茶蜚声中外”.名胜与名茶,双绝于人寰. 名山出名茶、名茶耀名山.武夷山古属建州(今福建建瓯市)位于闽江上游的建溪流域."茶笋满山,羈利通天下”②,是建州的特色.福建之茶"以武夷之产声名最著”,自古有"建溪官茶天下绝”③之誉.十七世纪武夷茶率先走出国门,是中国茶叶输入欧州最早的茶类,欧人称颂"茶是治百病良药”.英国国会文献上最早记载中茶的文字就"Bohea”,以"武夷”为中国茶叶之代称.十八世纪中期,瑞典植物学家林奈,把武夷茶订学名为"Thea 相似文献
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The milling potential of hulled barley, hulled oat, triticale, rye and wheat was studied using a long tempering process and a laboratory four-roller mill. Regardless of the investigated cereal, the results indicated a significant influence (p < 0.05) of volume per surface area ratio on the milling yield and ash contents of the flour. The lowest milling yield was obtained in case of hulled oat. Solvent retention capacity profiles were determined for all investigated whole cereals and flours for predicting the contribution of different polymers to the functionality of samples. For all solvents higher values were obtained for the whole cereals compared to the corresponding flour. Thermo-mechanical properties of the whole cereals and refined flours were also investigated. If in case of wheat the gluten proteins play an essential role on dough behaviour during kneading at 30 °C, in case of triticale, rye, hulled barley and hulled oat, the fibers play a major role as well. Thermo-mechanical properties of starch registered a large variation between cereals and/or flours. The lowest torque value corresponding to starch gelatinization (C3) was registered in case of the hulled oat flour, 1.92 Nm, while the highest value in case of rye flour, 2.65 Nm. 相似文献
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《Industrial Crops and Products》2002,15(3):179-188
Treatment of solvent extracted wheat, rice, rye, and barley straws, maize stems, and fast-growing poplar wood with 60% aqueous ethanol in 0.2 M HCl at 75 °C for 3 h released 51.8, 51.2, 47.2, 43.7, 54.0, and 16.7% of the original lignin, and 44.3, 50.3, 30.9, 36.1, 40.0, and 25.5% of the original hemicelluloses, respectively. It was found that the bulk of p-coumaric acid (PCA) (67.0–83.5%) was esterified at the lignin side chains, while ferulic acid (FA) is linked to lignin side chains through both ether bonds (51.6–68.3%) and ester bonds (31.7–48.4%), indicating that FA may form intra- and/or inter-molecular ester–ether bridges between lignin fragments, which is first proposed in this study. In addition to p-hydroxybenzoic acid esterified to lignins in the cell walls of wheat straw and fast-growing poplar wood, a small portion of ether-linked p-hydroxybenzoic acid in the lignin preparations, obtained from rice, rye, and barley straws and maize stems, was also detected. It was also detected that noticeable amounts of syringic and vanillic acids were predominantly esterified to the lignin molecules in the cell walls of the materials studied. 相似文献
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T.A. Coffelt F.S. Nakayama D.T. Ray K. Cornish C.M. McMahan C.F. Williams 《Industrial Crops and Products》2009,29(1):255-260
Guayule (Parthenium argentatum Gray) is a perennial shrub native to the Chihuahuan Desert. While guayule traditionally has been cultivated for rubber, more recently it is being cultivated for its hypoallergenic latex. Other uses including termite resistant wood products and an energy source have also been identified. However, the effects of various agronomic practices, such as planting and harvesting dates, plant spacing, cutting height and frequency, irrigation frequency, and herbicide application, on latex concentration and yield of newly developed germplasm have not been reported. The objectives of this study were to determine the yield and concentration of latex, rubber, and resin of four guayule lines planted at two populations and two planting dates. Four guayule lines (AZ-1, AZ-3, AZ-5, and 11591) were transplanted at two dates (28 November 2000 and 7 June 2001) and two plant populations (27,000 and 54,000 plants ha?1). Treatments were replicated four times. Each treatment plot was subdivided into six subplots for harvesting at 6-month intervals beginning 1 year after transplanting. Results showed that transplanting date did not affect plant size or latex concentration or yield consistently. Instead, it appeared that the time of harvest (fall vs. spring) was more important. The sixth (last harvest) in the fall planting date and the fifth harvest date in the spring planting date were the optimum for plant biomass and latex, rubber, and resin concentrations and yields. The lines AZ-1 and AZ-3 were larger, whereas AZ-5 had higher latex and rubber concentrations than the control, 11591. The greater plant population (54,000 plants ha?1) had higher biomass, rubber, and resin yields than the lower population (27,000 plants ha?1) at the early harvest dates, but not at the later harvest dates (5 and 6). More studies must to be conducted to determine the optimum plant population and transplanting date for other newly developed guayule germplasm lines. 相似文献
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Pomin VH 《Marine drugs》2012,10(4):793-811
Glycomics turned out to be a very extensive project where its subdivision is consequently emerging. This is seen by the growing number of terminologies used to define subprojects concerning particular classes of bioactive carbohydrates. Sulfated fucans (SFs) and sulfated galactans (SGs) are relatively new classes of sulfated polysaccharides (SPs) that occur mostly in marine organisms, and exhibit a broad range of medicinal effects. Their structures are taxonomically dependent, and their therapeutic actions include benefits in inflammation, coagulation, thrombosis, angiogenesis, cancer, oxidation, and infections. Some red algae, marine angiosperm and invertebrates express SPs of unique structures composed of regular repeating oligomeric units of well-defined sulfation patterns. This fine pattern of structural regularity is quite rare among any naturally occurring long SPs, and enables accurate structure-biofunction correlations. Seeing that, fucanomics and galactanomics may comprise distinguished glycomics subprojects. We hereby discuss the relevance that justifies the international recognition of these subprojects in the current glycomics age associated with the beneficial outcomes that these glycans may offer in drug development. 相似文献
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氮磷钾肥对稻米铁、锌、铜、锰、镁、钙含量和产量的影响 总被引：21，自引：2，他引：21
采用田间试验，在四川省西昌市用两个水稻品种研究了氮、磷、钾肥施用量对稻米中铁、锌、铜、锰、镁、钙含量和产量的影响。结果表明，稻米中铁、锌、铜、锰、镁、钙含量均随着施氮量增加先上升后下降，滇屯502的铁、锌、铜、锰、镁、钙含量和产量都以施用90 kg/hm2 N最高，稻谷产量以施用180 kg/hm2 N最高；而合系39的铁、锌、铜、锰、镁、钙的含量以施用180 kg/hm2 N最高，稻谷产量以施用270 kg/hm2 N最高，说明供试籼型品种滇屯502对氮肥的敏感性较粳型品种合系39强；磷肥明显降低了稻米中铁、铜、锰、钙的含量和产量，适量增施磷肥有利于增加稻米中镁的含量和产量；适量施用钾肥有利于提高稻米中铁、锌、铜、锰含量和产量，两供试品种铁、锌、铜、锰含量均以90 kg/hm2 K2O时最高，而钾肥明显降低了稻米中镁、钙的含量和产量。 相似文献
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Phytosterol,Squalene, Tocopherol Content and Fatty Acid Profile of Selected Seeds,Grains, and Legumes 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Ryan E Galvin K O'Connor TP Maguire AR O'Brien NM 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2007,62(3):85-91
The unsaponifiable lipid fraction of plant-based foods is a potential source of bioactive components such as phytosterols,
squalene, and tocopherols. The objective of the present study was to determine the levels of phytosterols, and squalene, as
well as tocopherols (α and β + γ) in selected grains, seeds, and legumes. The method comprised acid hydrolysis and lipid extraction
followed by alkaline saponification, prior to analysis by HPLC. In addition, the fatty acid profile of the foods was determined
via total lipid extraction, fatty acid derivitisation and GC analysis. In general, β-sitosterol was the most prevalent phytosterol,
ranging in concentration from 24.9 mg/100 g in pumpkin seed to 191.4 mg/100 g in peas. Squalene identified in all foods examined
in this study, was particularly abundant in pumpkin seed (89.0 mg/100 g). The sum of α- and β+ γ-tocopherols ranged from 0.1 mg/100 g
in rye to 15.9 mg/100 g in pumpkin seeds. Total oil content ranged from 0.9% (w/w) in butter beans to 42.3% (w/w) in pumpkin seed and the type of fat, in all foods examined, was predominantly unsaturated. In conclusion, seeds, grains,
and legumes are a rich natural source of phytosterols. Additionally, they contain noticeable amounts of squalene and tocopherols,
and in general, their fatty acid profile is favorable. 相似文献
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The possibility that sugar accumulation of potatoes stored at low temperatures may be linked to activation of cyanide-resistant respiration (CRR) was investigated. After a lag period of several days, continuous HCN treatment stimulated CO2 production of tubers stored in 20% O2. At 1°C in 20% O2, HCN treatment increased respiration over that effected by low temperature treatment. After several weeks of treatment, cyanide-stimulated CO2 production was greater at 1°C than at 10°C. Sucrose and malate levels of HCN treated tubers were sometimes higher than those of the 10°C control tubers, but they were always lower than those of the 1°C control tubers. This indicated that CRR alone could not account for the sugar increases at 1°C. Storage in 2% O2 blocked the increase in CO2 production and changes in constituents associated with HCN treatments in 20% O2. HCN treatment had no significant effect on chip color. The level of CRR was measured in freshly cut slices from Monona, Norchip, and Kennebec tubers previously stored at 10°, 5°, or 1°C for several months. Slices from tubers previously stored at 1°C had increased CRR, but there was no difference in CRR between the 5°C and 10°C treatments. Sugars accumulated at 5°C, again indicating that sugar accumulation in potatoes stored at low temperatures was at least partially independent of the activation of CRR. 相似文献
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Sea cucumbers produce numerous compounds with a wide range of chemical structural diversity. Among these, saponins are the most diverse and include sulfated, non-sulfated, acetylated and methylated congeners with different aglycone and sugar moieties. In this study, MALDI and ESI tandem mass spectrometry, in the positive ion mode, were used to elucidate the structure of new saponins extracted from the viscera of H. lessoni. Fragmentation of the aglycone provided structural information on the presence of the acetyl group. The presence of the O-acetyl group was confirmed by observing the mass transition of 60 u corresponding to the loss of a molecule of acetic acid. Ion fingerprints from the glycosidic cleavage provided information on the mass of the aglycone (core), and the sequence and type of monosaccharides that constitute the sugar moiety. The tandem mass spectra of the saponin precursor ions [M + Na]+ provided a wealth of detailed structural information on the glycosidic bond cleavages. As a result, and in conjunction with existing literature, we characterized the structure of five new acetylated saponins, Lessoniosides A–E, along with two non-acetylated saponins Lessoniosides F and G at m/z 1477.7, which are promising candidates for future drug development. The presented strategy allows a rapid, reliable and complete analysis of native saponins. 相似文献