共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 250 毫秒
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微压滴灌灌水器设计及快速开发平台技术 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
针对目前滴灌技术研究向低能耗方向发展的趋势,为降低滴灌系统成本,基于计算流体力学两相流CFD数值计算,进行了新型的微压抗堵灌水器结构CAD设计,并应用微PIV系统测量研究其内部流动特性,着重进行了微流道两相流PIV测量和分析.结合高精度激光快速成形技术(RP＆M),建立了微压滴灌灌水器快速开发平台,制作微压灌水器实验件并进行其水力性能及抗堵性能分析,经过回归分析得到微压滴灌灌水器的结构参数水力性能经验公式,为设计新型抗堵微压灌水器提供理论依据. 相似文献
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滴灌灌水器多类型流道的微压水力性能研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
微压条件下灌水器的水力性能相对于常压时会发生不同程度的变化。通过试验研究了八种灌水器在微压条件下的流态特征、出水均匀度及抗堵塞性能。结果表明,非压力补偿式滴灌产品在微压和常压下的流量变化率没有明显波动,清水下出水均匀性良好,而抗堵塞性能较差;压力补偿式滴头因为在微压下存在启动水压而影响了工作状态,当超过启动水压后其出水均匀性与常压时没有明显变化,抗堵塞性能良好,但是流量随压力增大而增大,没有起到压力补偿作用。 相似文献
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[目的]探究地埋式内镶贴片滴灌灌水器的水力性能。[方法]对具有M型双肩过滤出口的地埋式内镶贴片滴灌灌水器进行了不同工作压力条件下的流量测试试验,并采用RNGk-ε湍流模型分别对平面简化流道、实际微弯流道、实际微弯流道+进口、实际微弯流道+M型双肩过滤出口以及实际微弯流道+上述进出口的5种情况进行了相应工作压力下的三维数值模拟。[结果]三维全流道数值模拟流量与实测流量相近,其最大误差为8.87%。无控制的出口结构,水流在出水孔中心处形成旋涡,采用M型双肩过滤机构的出口会在主流两侧产生2个旋流,出水孔中心处无旋涡。[结论]地埋式内镶贴片滴灌灌水器流道模型的微弯对贴片灌水器水力性能有一定的影响。滴灌灌水器采用M型双肩过滤机构的出口有利出流且提高了抗堵塞性能。 相似文献
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土壤质地对地下滴灌灌水器水力要素的影 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为研究不同质地土壤中灌水器水力要素的变化规律及其差异,选取灌水器工作压力、土壤容重和土壤初始含水率为因素,分别在粘土、壤土和砂土中采用混合水平均匀设计安排试验.试验结果表明,不同土壤中的灌水器出流规律一致:即当工作压力不变时,灌水器流量在灌水初期略大,而后减小并趋于恒定,这个变化过程仅1～2min;在相同压力下,地下滴灌灌水器流量比地表滴灌小5%～20%,压力越大,二者越接近;灌水器流量随工作压力的增加而增大;土壤因素对灌水器流量有微弱的制约作用,使流量减小.相同条件下,土壤质地越轻,灌水器流量越大;但随着土壤容重和土壤初始含水率的增加,土壤质地越轻,流量减小程度越大. 相似文献
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新型微压侧翼迷宫滴灌带设计方法研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用计算流体动力学(CFD)技术对设计的一种新型微压滴灌带的水力特性进行了数值模拟,得到了灌水器内部的压力和流速分布,预测了压力流量关系。研究结果表明:该滴灌带灌水器的流量系数为0.4858,说明流道内为全紊流状态,有利于灌水器的消能,并可提高其抗堵塞性;灌水器进口及出口的压力变化很小,流道内沿水流前进方向压力均匀下降,流道单元相同时,压力变化幅度相同;流道内的流速可分为流道齿尖附近的主流区及齿脚附近的旋流区二个区,每二个单元之间的速度分布基本一致。采用CFD技术进行微压滴灌带结构设计是一种新方法,可快速准确地获得灌水器的水力特性,为其结构设计提供理论指导,同时大大缩短了研制周期,降低开发成本。 相似文献
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淹没出流条件下滴灌灌水器水力性能试验研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
在室内将3种类型的灌水器置于自制水槽中,进行了灌水器的淹没出流试验。试验结果表明:灌水器在淹没出流时的出流规律与自由出流相同,但淹没时的流量略小于对应压力下自由出流的流量,其流量变化率多在10%以内;相比之下,低压时流量变化率比高压时大,即在灌水器额定工作压力(10m)附近,淹没出流对其影响较小。统计特征表明,灌水器淹没后出流更加均匀。不同灌水器类型对淹没与否的敏感程度有所差异,微管灌水器最为明显,其次是内镶式,补偿式变化很小。升降压过程中,降压过程的淹没出流对灌水器的流量变化率均小于升压过程。 相似文献
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波动水压滴灌系统设计与实验分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
针对恒压条件下灌溉系统容易堵塞和在堵塞条件下灌水器均匀度低的弊端,基于可编程控制器PLC和变频器控制技术,提出了一种波动水压灌溉系统。采用正交实验设计方法,取基准水压、波动周期和波幅3个波动参数为因素,设计灌水器在波动水压条件下的水力性能实验。实验结果表明,在正弦波动模式下,基准水压和波幅对灌水器平均流量和抗堵塞性能影响较大,合理的基准水压和波幅组合可以提高灌水器在堵塞条件下的平均流量和抗堵塞性能;而振动周期对灌水器均匀度的影响最为显著;通过对实验数据的线性回归,建立了基于波动参数的平均流量计算表达式,为波动水压滴灌实际应用提供了设计依据。 相似文献
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含沙水滴灌条件下灌水器抗堵塞试验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对4种不同滴灌管(带)在含沙水滴灌条件下灌水器的出流量变化及淤积堵塞情况进行了田间试验研究。经过多次灌水试验,结果表明,4种滴灌管(带)灌水器出流量均随灌水次数的增加和距离毛管进水口长度的增加呈减小趋势,最后完全堵塞的灌水器均发生在毛管的末端;在相同水质和灌水压力下,大流量灌水器抗堵塞性能较好,即大流道灌水器的抗堵塞性能优于小流道灌水器;随着灌水次数的增加在滴灌管(带)的管腔内有细小泥沙淤积,小流量滴灌管(带)在70～80 m处泥沙淤积量骤然增加,大流量滴灌管(带)在80～90 m处骤然增加,管内泥沙的沉积大大增加了灌水器的堵塞几率,因此定期对滴灌带进行冲洗可以有效减小堵塞。 相似文献
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Emitter discharge variability of subsurface drip irrigation in uniform soils: effect on water-application uniformity 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
Emitter discharge of subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) decreases as a result of the overpressure in the soil water at the discharge
orifice. In this paper, the variation in dripper discharge in SDI laterals is studied. First, the emitter coefficient of flow
variation CV
q
was measured in laboratory experiments with drippers of 2 and 4 L/h that were laid both on the soil and beneath it. Additionally,
the soil pressure coefficient of variation CV
hs
was measured in buried emitters. Then, the irrigation uniformity was simulated in SDI and surface irrigation laterals under
the same operating conditions and uniform soils; sandy and loamy. CV
q
was similar for the compensating models of both the surface and subsurface emitters. However, CV
q
decreased for the 2-L/h non-compensating model in the loamy soil. This shows a possible self-regulation of non-compensating
emitter discharge in SDI, due to the interaction between effects of emitter discharge and soil pressure. This resulted in
the irrigation uniformity of SDI non-compensating emitters to be greater than surface drip irrigation. The uniformity with
pressure-compensating emitters would be similar in both cases, provided the overpressures in SDI are less than or equal to
the compensation range lower limit. 相似文献
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常压灌水器在低压条件下水力性能试验研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
鉴于目前国内低压滴灌系统中的滴灌带(管)基本沿用常压滴灌下使用的滴灌带(管),对常压滴灌系统中使用较多的国内6种单翼迷宫和内镶片式滴灌带在低压下的水力性能进行了试验研究,试验结果表明,在2~8 m和6~14 m水头压力范围拟合的流量与压力关系式不相同,在2~8 m水头压力范围的流态指数明显高于在6~14 m水头压力范围的流态指数。在较低压力下测定灌水器的制造偏差时,相比额定压力下所测定的结果表现出增大的趋势,即由于灌水器制造工艺和材料配方引起的制造偏差,在工作压力较低时表现的更为明显。 相似文献
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The combined effects of hydraulic variation and manufacturing variation on the relative flow difference in drip emitters were analyzed for a drip irrigation submain unit. Emitter manufacturing variation is a random variable and follows a normal distribution, which can be expressed by emitter coefficient of manufacturing variation (v) and a random variable (u) following a standardized normal distribution. Emitter flow rate equation can be expressed by two parts: (1) emitter discharge coefficient (k) and discharge exponent (x) determine the flow rate (kh x ) from an emitter at pressure head (h) and (2) the unknown random term (uvkh x ), taking into account emitter manufacturing variation. Next, the formula for relative flow difference in a drip irrigation submain unit is derived based on (1) hydraulic variations due to head loss and elevation differences and (2) emitter manufacturing variation. A new hydraulic design procedure for drip irrigation submain unit is proposed based on the formula. 相似文献
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Eight emitters clogging characteristics and its suitability under on-site reclaimed water drip irrigation 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Drip irrigation is the most effective and reliable method for reclaimed water irrigation. The water usually contains a lot of suspended particles, metal salt ions, organisms and microbial communities, which will enhance the possibility of emitter clogging or more complex clogging mechanism. Emitter clogging has become one of the key problems to the application and popularization of the drip irrigation technology. In this paper, we selected four kinds of pressure-compensating emitters and four kinds of non-pressure-compensating emitters, and executed the experiment of drip irrigation with on-site reclaimed water treated with cyclic activated sludge system (CASS). The emitter discharge ratio variation (Dra), coefficient of uniformity (CU) and clogging rate distribution were analyzed to evaluate the emitter clogging characteristics after eliminating the effect of temperature and pressure on the emitter outflow by data correction. The results showed that Dra and CU varied in three periods as system operation. The beginning of experiment was the fluctuated balance period, Dra and CU recurrent fluctuated in 5 %, and the emitters clogged at some spots after the system run 36–48 h. Then the two parameters varied linearly in 60–108 h, tuning into the initiate linear period, as the non-pressure-compensating emitters got an obvious linear change than the pressure-compensating ones with the gradient changed from ?0.094 to 0.042 and ?0.073 to 0.047, respectively. Some of the emitters have a significant difference on these two parameters at this stage. After the restarting in the second year, Dra and CU decreased sharply. The maximum decrement was, respectively, 9.6 and 10.7 %. Then they varied in line with a greater slope degree as all emitters reached the significant level, the gradient ranges were ?0.176 to 0.115 and ?0.216 to 0.117, respectively. This stage was called the accelerated linear period. Seriously clogged and completely clogged emitters appeared, and both Dra and CU dropped down to 38.7 and 41.5 %. Various degrees of clogged emitters often emerged in the end part of lateral at first then propelled to the head gradually, the completely clogged emitters in the end accounted for more than 73.0 % when the system run 540 h. Comprehensively considered, the pressure-compensating emitters and cusp-shaped saw-tooth non-pressure-compensating emitters with short flow path are recommended in reclaimed water drip irrigation. These researches are aimed to provide references explaining the emitter clogging mechanism of reclaimed water drip irrigation as well as its technological application and popularization. 相似文献
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Assessment of emitter discharge in microirrigation system as affected by polluted water 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Bouya Ahmed Ould Ahmed Tahei Yamamoto Hideyasu Fujiyama Koichi Miyamoto 《Irrigation and Drainage Systems》2007,21(2):97-107
A drip irrigation system has the advantage of maintaining high water content near the plant root. However, its performance
depends on water quality as it may induce the emitter clogging. In the Tohaku National Irrigation Project, in western Japan,
mist spray emitters are widely used for irrigation in the field and greenhouses for vegetable and orchard crops. Seven emitters
of different types were evaluated for the variation in their discharge rate without filter. The statistical analysis of mean
discharge ratio and the coefficient of variation of the performance of emitters along a lateral line in the field indicated
that the mist spray emitters had the best performance for irrigation in Tohaku area, particularly the new emitters or 1-year
old emitters. The results suggest that after using the emitter line for two irrigation seasons it should either be replaced
in the third season or washed carefully if further used. 相似文献
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A study was conducted at the department of Agricultural Structure and Irrigation, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey, to
determine the effect of increased irrigation water temperature at various irrigation system pressures on emitter flow rate,
lateral elongation, and Standard Flow Rate Index for six different brands of drip laterals. Test materials consisted of seven
pressure and seven non-pressure compensating irrigation laterals from different manufacturers. Tests results showed that (a)
tensile resistance stress tests indicated that 25% elongation levels were reached at about 40 kg of load. On average, pressure
compensating laterals reached 25% elongation at 38 kg, while non-pressure compensating laterals reached 25% elongation at
32-kg load. There was no clear indication of the tested brands’ lateral wall thickness on the measurement, (b) pressure-regulated
drip emitters had no or limited flow rate change due to increased irrigation water temperature, whereas non-pressure compensating
emitters had significantly (P < 0.05) increased flow rates, and (c) finally, increased irrigation water temperature resulted in decreased flow rate variations
that had a positive effect on standard deviation. Standard uniformity values improved with decreased flow rate variations
in drip emitter flow rates. 相似文献