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1.
Background
Root growth is highly responsive to temporal changes in the environment. On the contrary, diel (24 h) leaf expansion in dicot plants is governed by endogenous control and therefore its temporal pattern does not strictly follow diel changes in the environment. Nevertheless, root and shoot are connected with each other through resource partitioning and changing environments for one organ could affect growth of the other organ, and hence overall plant growth.Results
We developed a new technique, GROWMAP-plant, to monitor growth processes synchronously in leaf and root of the same plant with a high resolution over the diel period. This allowed us to quantify treatment effects on the growth rates of the treated and non-treated organ and the possible interaction between them. We subjected the root system of Nicotiana tabacum seedlings to three different conditions: constant darkness at 22°C (control), constant darkness at 10°C (root cooling), and 12 h/12 h light–dark cycles at 22°C (root illumination). In all treatments the shoot was kept under the same 12 h/12 h light–dark cycles at 22°C. Root growth rates were found to be constant when the root-zone environment was kept constant, although the root cooling treatment significantly reduced root growth. Root velocity was decreased after light-on and light-off events of the root illumination treatment, resulting in diel root growth rhythmicity. Despite these changes in root growth, leaf growth was not affected substantially by the root-zone treatments, persistently showing up to three times higher nocturnal growth than diurnal growth.Conclusion
GROWMAP-plant allows detailed synchronous growth phenotyping of leaf and root in the same plant. Root growth was very responsive to the root cooling and root illumination, while these treatments altered neither relative growth rate nor diel growth pattern in the seedling leaf. Our results that were obtained simultaneously in growing leaves and roots of the same plants corroborate the high sensitivity of root growth to the environment and the contrasting robustness of diel growth patterns in dicot leaves. Further, they also underpin the importance to carefully control the experimental conditions for root growth analysis to avoid or/and minimize artificial complications. 相似文献2.
土壤含水量对美国黑莓光合特性的影响 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
为探索不同土壤含水量对黑莓光合特性的影响,以盆栽美国黑莓2～3年生扦插植株为试材,在6种土壤相对含水量(SRWC)条件下,对其光合特性进行研究。结果表明,土壤相对含水量为100%时,叶片净光合速率日变化呈单峰曲线;随着土壤含水量的降低,其净光合速率日变化呈双峰曲线。美国黑莓的光补偿点为50μmol/m2·s左右;SRWC为25%时,其光饱和点仅为330μmol/m2·s;SRWC为70%以上时,光饱和点均为1280μmol/m2·s左右。叶片的净光合速率及蒸腾速率随SRWC的升高而增加,气孔阻力随SRWC的升高而降低。水分利用率随着SRWC的降低而提高,呈极显著的负相关;新梢生长对土壤水分极为敏感。净光合速率与蒸腾速率呈显著正相关,与气孔阻力呈极显著负相关;蒸腾速率与气孔阻力呈显著负相关。美国黑莓的光合作用最适SRWC为85%;灌溉的临界SRWC为40%。 相似文献
3.
黄瓜黑斑病苗期抗病性鉴定方法及品种抗病性评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
黄瓜黑斑病近几年在全国各地普遍发生,已成为黄瓜生产上的重要病害。为适应黄瓜抗病育种的需要,对黄瓜黑斑病苗期人工接种抗病性鉴定技术进行了研究,筛选出适合于黄瓜黑斑病苗期抗病性鉴定的方法：于黄瓜幼苗1～2片真叶期时,采用分生孢子浓度为1×107～2×107个?mL-1的悬浮液喷雾接种,以叶面不形成水滴为度,接种温度22 ℃左右,黑暗保湿48 h|接种后幼苗置于培养箱中,白天28～30 ℃、夜间20 ℃,13 h光照/11 h黑暗,前48 h温度为22 ℃左右、相对湿度为100%|以后仅夜间保湿,5～15 d调查发病情况。利用该方法筛选出10份高抗材料,8份中抗材料,以及2个高抗品种D9和W3,4个抗病品种3-1、LW11、BA74和A8674。 相似文献
4.
Six-week-old tomato plants were subjected to 5 root-zone temperatures, ranging from 12 to 36°C, and 4 light levels in a factorial design. Large increases in shoot dry weight, leaf area and fruit development resulted from soil warming to 24°C when plants were grown under high light conditions. Shoot growth and fruit weight were reduced at 24°C root temperature under low light conditions. Total plant photosynthesis, leaf area index, net assimilation rates and leaf chlorophyll content were related to plant growth and flower development for the various treatments. Our experiments have shown an interaction between root-zone temperature and light levels for greenhouse tomatoes. Soil warming caused large increases in shoot dry weight and fruit development when light was not limiting plant growth, but had deleterious effects on flowering and fruit set under shaded conditions. 相似文献
5.
6.
Proline and light as quality enhancers of rocket (Eruca sativa Miller) grown under saline conditions
Giancarlo Barbieri Antonella BottinoEmilio Di Stasio Simona ValloneAlbino Maggio 《Scientia Horticulturae》2011
Stress conditions experienced during growth may affect plant responses during post-harvest storage and eventually determine the overall quality of commercial products. In this context, we hypothesized that foliar applications of proline during the growth cycle and light exposure during post-harvest storage could be two important modulators of yield and quality parameters of rocket plants exposed to NaCl stress. Dry matter percentage increased upon NaCl treatment. However, fresh weight loss during storage did not change over time as a consequence of salt stress. High salinity (100 mM NaCl) moderately reduced both leaf nitrate (14%) and nitrite (3%) contents. Lipophilic (LAC) and hydrophilic (HAC) antioxidant activities also decreased by 10% at the highest salinization (average of two growth cycles). In contrast, during storage, LAC decreased whereas HAC increased. Proline applications reduced the leaf nitrate content during storage by 16%, increased carotenoids and chlorophyll contents in salinized plants and also increased the ascorbate leaf concentration in both salinized and non-salinzed plants. Light storage enhanced fresh weight loss in contrast to dark storage. However the exposure to light reduced leaf nitrate levels by 7% (average of two growth cycles) and contributed to maintain high leaf ascorbate concentrations over time. 相似文献
7.
以五年生北细辛(Asarum heterotropoides Fr.schmidt var.maudshuricum(Maxim)kitag)为试材,通过覆盖6种不同颜色的滤光膜形成荫棚下光质(Ⅰ~Ⅵ),以生产上常用的50%透光率黑色尼龙网下光质(Ⅶ)为对照,研究不同光质下细辛的田间表现和光合生理特性,以期为北细辛合理调光措施提供参考依据。结果表明:生长在光质Ⅵ下的北细辛植株在5-6月生长状况良好,7月中旬开始地上部逐渐枯死;生长在其它6种光质下的植株,整个生育期生长状况均良好,且增产率为63.30%Ⅳ>60.00%Ⅴ>56.30%Ⅱ>43.30%Ⅰ>35.30%Ⅶ>28.30%Ⅲ。光质Ⅳ和光质Ⅴ下生长的北细辛,叶片光合色素含量(PPC)、全天净光合速率(APn)平均值和比叶重(LMA)均显著高于其它5种光质(P<0.05)。在7种光质下的北细辛,其净光合速率与环境温度均呈显著负相关(P<0.05),蒸腾速率(Tr)与温度均呈显著正相关(P<0.05),净光合速率与胞间二氧化碳浓度(Ci)均呈极显著负相关(P<0.01)。在整个生育期,光质Ⅴ下的北细辛的叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性最大;而光质Ⅳ下的叶片过氧化物酶(POD)活性最大。在7月,光质Ⅵ下生长的北细辛叶片丙二醛(MDA)含量显著高于其它光质。每种光质下,随着生长时间延长,过氧化氢酶活性均呈逐渐降低的趋势,过氧化物酶活性呈升高的趋势,丙二醛含量均先升高后降低。随生长时间的延长,光质Ⅰ~Ⅲ下叶片的超氧化物歧化酶活性先升高后降低,而光质Ⅳ~Ⅶ下叶片的超氧化物歧化酶活性呈逐渐降低趋势。光质Ⅳ和光质Ⅴ有利于北细辛有机物的累积。 相似文献
8.
Munguatosha S. Ngomuo Tsvetelina Stoilova Tileye Feyissa Neema Kassim Patrick A. Ndakidemi 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2017,92(6):614-620
Jute mallow is a nutritious leafy vegetable used by many people in Africa. The purpose of this study was to select accessions with high leaf yield and seed yield. We investigated seven agronomic traits that are related to leaf yield and seed yield and how they correlate with each other. The results indicated significant differences among the accessions in all traits. Leaf fresh weight ranged from 18.3 to 121.3 g/plant in accessions TOT 6747 and TOT 8532, respectively. The highest variability between the accessions was also observed in seed yield. It ranged from 1.0 g/plant in accession TOT 7980 to 35.5 g/plant in TOT 7866. Eight other accessions had a seed yield of 1.0 g/plant. Significant and positive correlations were observed between leaf fresh weight and leaf dry weight (r = 0.84), leaf area (r = 0.33), and number of leaves (r = 0.40). A significant correlation was observed in seed yield and weight of pods per plant (r = 0.83). The evaluation of these agronomic traits for leaf and seed yield in this germplasm has revealed useful information for breeders in their efforts to improve the yield as well as selection of accessions with good agronomic traits. 相似文献
9.
遮光处理对扶芳藤生长和光合特性的影响 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
研究了不同遮光处理(0、30%、60%、80%)对红脉扶芳藤生长及光合特性的影响。结果表明:在全光下,扶芳藤光饱和点(606.4 μmol·m-2·s-1)和光补偿点(32.6 μmol·m-2·s-1)均较低,属耐荫植物,净光合速率日变化呈双峰曲线,有"午休"现象,一天内Pn总值低于遮光处理,枝叶生长较慢;遮光处理,Pn呈单峰曲线,且高于全光处理;遮光30%60%下,光合作用较强,蒸腾旺盛,枝叶生长加快,叶片组织结构正常,叶片变薄,比叶质量下降,叶绿素总量增加,叶色浓绿,观赏价值增强,表明一定程度的遮光有利于扶芳藤生长发育。 相似文献
10.
以建立月季高频再生体系为目标,以‘月月红’月季叶片为外植体,探索了生长调节剂和光照条件对其体细胞胚胎发生及其植株再生的影响。结果表明：3.0 mg · L-12,4-D + 0.5mg · L-1 TDZ的胚分化培养基上暗培养12周后转入胚成熟培养基,置于红光（光强约为7.2 µmol · m-2 · s-1）条件下培养,能产生较多具肥厚子叶且有高频再生潜力的体细胞胚。暗培养条件下主要产生无子叶的芽状胚。 胚性愈伤组织在含 相似文献
11.
遮阴对丰香草莓光合作用及叶绿素荧光特性的影响 总被引：19，自引：1，他引：19
以盆栽丰香草莓为材料,研究了遮阴处理对草莓光合作用及叶绿素荧光特性的影响。结果表明,遮阴处理增加草莓叶柄长度、叶面积以及光合色素含量,但降低了比叶重;遮阴处理显著降低草莓叶片的羧化效率(CE)、暗呼吸(Rd)、光补偿点(LCP)和光饱和点(LSP),提高了其表观量子效率(AQY)和CO2补偿点(CCP)。遮阴后草莓Pn日变化由“双峰”型变为“单峰”型,日光合总量显著低于对照,早晚时分水分利用率(WUE)有所下降。遮阴后,叶片气孔导度(Gs)提高,蒸腾速率(Tr)下降,可能与叶面温度下降有关。叶绿素荧光动力学测定显示,遮阴处理草莓叶片的初始荧光(Fo)和PSⅡ最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)日变化曲线与对照相似,但Fo值始终低于对照,Fv/Fm值显著高于对照。以上参数表明丰香草莓对弱光环境有一定的适应能力,遮阴处理可以减轻强光下的草莓叶片光抑制程度,提高植株对光能的利用能力,但同时也需要注意提高环境中CO2浓度。 相似文献
12.
叶用莴苣种质资源的主要农艺性状鉴定与耐热性评价 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在露地和大棚两种环境、春季和初夏两种栽培季节下,对110份叶用莴苣种质资源的农艺性状进行了调查,同时以中心柱长、抽薹天数和热害指数3个指标综合评价叶用莴苣种质资源的田间耐热性。结果表明：散叶莴苣叶尖形状、叶形、叶色、株高、叶柄长、叶柄厚、单株质量、净菜质量（球质量）和莲座叶等叶片性状变异较大,显示了散叶莴苣在种质变异和创新方面蕴藏着很大的潜力。结球莴苣品种间相似程度较高,仅在叶柄厚、莲座叶、净菜质量上存在变异。在初夏散叶莴苣比春季分别提前12～36 d抽薹,结球莴苣提前18～38 d抽薹。在大棚高温胁迫更强时,散叶莴苣抽薹期进一步提前,而且82%的品种在10 d内抽薹,表现出对高温的敏感性,结球莴苣部分品种因热害而死亡,热害指数能更准确地反映结球莴苣品种间的耐热性。抽薹天数、中心柱长与单株质量、净菜质量、叶形比等呈显著的相关性,也是评价叶用莴苣耐热性的重要指标。春季大棚种植采用热害指数、抽薹天数能够较好地评价叶用莴苣种质资源的耐热性。 相似文献
13.
遮荫对匙叶天南星生长及光合特性的影响 总被引：49，自引：3，他引：46
研究了不同遮荫程度对观叶植物匙叶天南星生长的影响及其生理作用机制。结果表明：在７５％和５０％的遮荫条件下,匙叶天南星幼苗叶片叶绿素含量上升,叶片浓绿,植株生长快,叶片较大,叶片数增多;叶片叶绿体结构完整,有较完整的片层结构;植株净光合速率较大,呼吸速率减弱。在广州夏季气候条件下,适度遮荫有利于促进匙叶天南星的生长,提高其观赏品质。 相似文献
14.
研究了不同天气条件下猕猴桃冠幕的温度微气候、叶片光合速率及其日变化进程的差异.高温干旱天冠幕的叶果际温度对树体生长结实与系列生理代讲活动有严重的阻碍作用,高温干旱天与阴天叶片的光合速率大大降低,高温干旱条件改变了叶片光合速率的日变化进程. 相似文献
15.
阔叶猕猴桃叶片离体器官发生和植株再生(英文) 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
以阔叶猕猴桃(A ctinidia latifolia M err.)叶片为外植体,通过器官发生途径诱导形成不定芽,探讨了不同激素组合、暗培养时间以及不同浓度的蔗糖对叶片器官发生和植株再生的影响。结果表明,BW +0.1μm ol/L N AA +5μm ol/L Zeatin 附加20g/L 蔗糖,先进行21d 暗培养然后转到光下培养效果最好,6周后不定芽再生频率达91.67%,平均每个外植体再生芽数6.87个。再生芽生根良好,生根率可达100%。首次报道了阔叶猕猴桃的器官发生和植株再生,建立了叶片的高效再生体系,为今后的遗传转化研究奠定了基础。 相似文献
16.
大花蕙兰‘黄金小神童’花期研究初探 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过2000～2003年每月对大花蕙兰黄金小神童从新出叶芽到开花进行跟踪调查, 初步掌握了黄金小神童不同时期长出的叶芽长成成熟株后的开花规律。调查结果表明: 黄金小神童全年均有新的叶芽和花芽长出, 新叶芽长出后经过6～10个月的生长发育成为具有6～8片叶的成熟植株, 花芽长出后约1个月发育成具有6～9个花蕾的花葶。叶芽从长出到出花芽约需5～11个月, 而7～9个月龄的开花率最高。8～9月份长出的叶芽成株后出花率最高, 约占全年花芽数的一半, 其余各月差异不大。各月出花率不同,4～7月份为出花芽的高峰期, 在两年试验中, 分别占全年花芽数的72.83%和78.56%; 12月份到次年1月长出的花芽最少, 分别只占全年花芽数的4.11%和5.03%。其余月份长出的新叶芽的生长情况和出花芽率处于中间类型。通过此试验为黄金小神童的花期调控提供依据, 留取可能在预定时期开花的叶芽, 控制其他时期的叶芽, 达到调节花期的目的。 相似文献
17.
为探讨大白菜钙敏感性鉴定的便捷指标,以20个大白菜品种为试材,研究不同钙水平对大白菜不同生育期干烧心指数及植株生长量、叶片叶绿素含量及钙含量的影响。结果表明:不同基因型大白菜干烧心指数差异较大,总体上均随钙水平的升高明显降低,而相同钙水平下则随生育期延长而升高;幼苗期钙水平0 mmol·L~(-1)和莲座期、结球期钙水平0.5mmol·L~(-1)处理的干烧心指数聚类结果基本一致。采用多元逐步回归分析建立的幼苗干烧心指数回归模型中,仅幼苗期0.5mmol·L~(-1)与4.0 mmol·L~(-1)钙水平下的植株鲜质量及叶片叶绿素含量相对值入选,且以入选变量为参数进行聚类分析的结果与幼苗期干烧心指数聚类结果完全一致,均可将参试大白菜品种分成钙敏感型、钙迟钝型和中间型3类,说明幼苗期0.5mmol·L~(-1)和4.0 mmol·L~(-1)钙水平下的大白菜植株鲜质量与叶片叶绿素含量相对值可作为大白菜品种钙敏感性鉴定的便捷指标。 相似文献
18.
The effects of night interruption (NI) were examined on the vegetative growth and flowering of Cymbidium ‘Red Fire’ and ‘Yokihi’. Plants were grown under 9/15 h ambient light/dark (control), 9 h ambient light plus night interruption (22:00–02:00 h) with low light intensity at 3–7 μmol m−2 s−1 (LNI) and 9 h ambient light plus NI with high light intensity at 120 μmol m−2 s−1 (HNI) conditions. The number of leaves, leaf length, number of pseudobulbs and pseudobulb diameter increased in both LNI and HNI compared to controls for both cultivars. While none of the control plants flowered within 2 years, 100% of the ‘Yokihi’ and 80% of the ‘Red Fire’ plants grown under HNI condition flowered. In the LNI group, 60% of the plants flowered in both cultivars. Plants in the HNI group showed a decreased time to visible inflorescence and flowering than those in the LNI group. The number of inflorescences and florets were greater in the plants grown under HNI than those in the LNI group. The tallest plants at flowering were in the HNI group in both cultivars. NI with low light intensity can be used effectively to promote flower induction with increased growth rate during the juvenile stage in Cymbidium. To obtain high quality plants, however, NI with high light intensity strategies should be considered. 相似文献
19.
以橘红心大白菜自交系（LH）、普通心大白菜自交系（91-12）为亲本，研究了橘红心大白菜子叶颜色的遗传特征及其在环境中的稳定性。结果表明：橘红心大白菜和普通心大白菜正反交后代（F1和F1′）子叶颜色均为黄色，F2和BC1F1群体子叶颜色分离比分别为3∶1和1∶1（黄色子叶∶橘红子叶），这说明橘红心大白菜子叶颜色由1对等位基因控制，橘红色对黄色表现为隐性|子叶颜色、花色和球心色三者的遗传表现为一因多效，即橘红子叶植株的球心色和花色也为橘红色。在遮光或者弱光处理结束后，光照2 h橘红心大白菜的子叶颜色可以稳定表现，在低温遮光条件下表现最为显著，催芽时间不同（24 h或48 h）不影响橘红心大白菜子叶颜色的表现。因此，子叶颜色可以作为橘红心大白菜选育中的一个理想的形态标记加以应用。 相似文献
20.
蓝光和红光对菊花生长和开花的影响 总被引：39，自引：3，他引：36
蓝光光质下培育的菊花比自然光下培育的菊花叶绿素含量、净光合速率、叶片氨基酸总量、糖类含量分别提高２４．６％、３９．７％、３２．０％、８．９％。蓝光光质有利于菊花茎叶生长和侧枝产生,形成丰满株形,并能提前花期１２ｄ。 相似文献