共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 171 毫秒
1.
2.
本文旨在明确不同剂量的苹果蠹蛾Cydia pomonella性信息素主成分E8, E10-12:OH对梨小食心虫性信息素的增效作用,为梨小食心虫的监测及生物防治提供参考。通过田间诱捕试验和触角电位技术,探究了不同剂量的E8, E10-12:OH和梨小食心虫性信息素混配对梨小食心虫雄虫田间诱集效果及触角电位反应的影响。田间试验结果表明,5种剂量E8,E10-12:OH均对梨小食心虫有引诱活性,但各剂量间诱集效果差异不显著;5种剂量E8, E10-12:OH与梨小食心虫性信息素混配处理的田间诱集效果均显著高于对照（梨小食心虫性信息素）,其中20μg E8, E10-12:OH与梨小食心虫性信息素混配的诱捕量是对照的2.86倍;梨小食心虫雄虫对E8,E10-12:OH和梨小食心虫性信息素的触角电位反应均随剂量增大而增强。E8,E10-12:OH可作为梨小食心虫引诱剂或性信息素的增效剂,提升对梨小食心虫的诱捕效果,精准其种群发生动态监测。 相似文献
3.
《中国生物防治学报》2015,(2)
探索梨小食心虫性信息素主要成分的合成方法,为梨小食心虫的田间迷向防治提供化合物。梨小食心虫性信息素主要成分是顺-8-十二碳烯乙酸酯(Z8-12:Ac)、反-8-十二碳烯乙酸酯(E8-12:Ac)、顺-8-十二碳烯-1-醇(Z8-12:OH)。以1,8-辛二醇和正丁醛等为起始原料,以二甲基亚砜为溶剂,通过Wittig反应合成目标化合物Z/E8-12:OH,顺反比例为94﹕6,产率达42.5%,通过红外、GC、NMR、MS进行鉴定。以合成的性信息素主要成分制备散发器(迷向芯),在桃园进行田间迷向试验。结果表明,自主合成的产物对梨小食心虫有良好的迷向作用。 相似文献
4.
5.
6.
7.
为了明确高浓度性信息素和杀虫剂胁迫对梨小食心虫的种群特征与为害的影响，2019—2020年连续2年在山西省运城市梨园内测定了性信息素迷向、杀虫剂等不同处理条件下，梨小食心虫种群数量、交配率以及蛀果率的动态变化。结果表明：2年内迷向防治区、迷向＋杀虫剂防治区、杀虫剂防治区与空白对照区内梨小食心虫种群发生动态基本一致，但各处理区梨小食心虫种群数量逐年递减；其中，迷向＋杀虫剂防治区梨小食心虫种群总量显著低于其他防控区，单个诱捕器诱蛾量分别为98.20头和67.20头；同时，迷向防治区和迷向＋杀虫剂防治区，梨小食心虫的交配率和蛀果率也显著降低。综上所述，性信息素迷向和杀虫剂结合能更好地压低梨园梨小食心虫种群数量，降低其交配率和为害。研究结果为进一步提升梨小食心虫性信息素迷向防治效果提供了科学依据。 相似文献
8.
大豆食心虫性诱剂应用研究初报 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文报道了利用人工合成的大豆食心虫性诱剂对大豆食心虫的发生与数量预测,成虫习性、诱杀防治的试验结果,为大豆食心虫的综合防治提供了一条新途径。 相似文献
9.
信息素迷向法规模化防治梨小食心虫 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
梨小食心虫是梨树和桃树上一种重要的蛀食性害虫,为了推动果园害虫的无公害防治,2010年在山东省莱阳市的桃园和梨园应用信息素散发器对梨小食心虫进行了迷向防治研究。在应用信息素散发器的桃园与梨园中,梨小食心虫发生数量明显低于对照园,使用密度增加,梨小食心虫的发生数量降低,迷向率增加。每公顷施用信息素散发器450、900、1350根的桃园,对梨小食心虫的迷向率分别为67.80%、80.14%、89.29%,而梨园中对梨小食心虫的迷向率分别为84.17%、93.41%、98.17%。桃园与梨园施用信息素散发器后,梨小食心虫的蛀果率明显低于对照园,桃园与梨园对梨小食心虫的防治效果分别在40.34%～73.57%和54.24%～92.38%之间。研究表明,梨园中信息素散发器对梨小食心虫的防治效果高于桃园。 相似文献
10.
11.
茶尺蠖性信息素的田间使用技术及防治效果 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为明确茶尺蠖Ectropis obliqua性信息素的田间使用技术,在田间设置茶尺蠖性信息素诱捕器的5、10和20 m挂放密度处理区及其对照区,并对不同处理区和对照区中诱捕器诱集的茶尺蠖成虫和幼虫数量以及同一挂放密度下距性信息素诱捕器不同距离的茶尺蠖幼虫数量进行调查,确定性信息素诱捕器的最佳挂放间距;在此基础上确定性信息素诱捕器对茶尺蠖的田间防治效果,并利用性信息素诱捕器对茶尺蠖成虫的田间动态进行监测。结果表明:在任何一个挂放密度下,处理区诱捕器诱集的茶尺蠖成虫数量均显著高于对照区诱捕器,但在不同挂放密度的小区之间单个诱捕器诱集的成虫数量差异不显著;当茶尺蠖幼虫重度发生(1 361.57头/m~2)时,10 m间隔挂放1套性信息素诱捕器可显著降低茶尺蠖幼虫的发生数量;当茶尺蠖幼虫轻度发生(38.40头/m~2)时,间距为20 m挂放一套性信息素诱捕器时,茶尺蠖的校正防治效果可达88.44%;茶尺蠖性信息素诱捕器在6月上旬、8月上旬、8月下旬至9月初、9月下旬分别有一个明显的诱捕高峰期,与田间茶尺蠖的发生高峰期基本一致。表明茶尺蠖性信息素诱捕器可作为大量诱捕和虫情监测的手段在茶园中应用。 相似文献
12.
为确定粘虫Mythimna separata(Walker)雌蛾的性信息素特征成分及其不同配比的室内引诱效果,采用气相色谱-质谱和气相色谱-触角电位联用技术检测了雌蛾性腺浸提液,并利用Y型嗅觉仪测定了粘虫雄蛾对不同配比性信息素特征成分的选择反应。结果显示,从粘虫的求偶雌蛾性腺浸提液中可分离到顺-11-十六碳烯醛、十六碳醛和顺-11-十六碳烯醇3种特征成分,在色谱柱中的保留时间依次为15.82、16.06和17.27 min,含量分别为3.37、1.83和0.10 ng,比例约为34∶18∶1。无论是天然存在于雌蛾性腺还是人工合成的顺-11-十六碳烯醛均能够激发雄蛾的电生理反应。顺-11-十六碳烯醛、十六碳醛和顺-11-十六碳烯醇不同配比对雄蛾表现出不同的引诱活性,最大引诱率达87%,极显著高于对照溶剂石蜡油对雄蛾的引诱率。表明顺-11-十六碳烯醛、十六碳醛和顺-11-十六碳烯醇为中国粘虫种群的雌蛾性信息素特征成分,且其不同配比对雄蛾有不同的引诱活性。 相似文献
13.
大豆食心虫性信息素的化学结构触角电位及田间诱蛾效果 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
用气相色谱(GC)和气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)分析,证明反-8,反-10-十二碳二烯醇醋酸(B)是大豆食心虫[Leguminivora glycinivorella (Mats.)]性信息素的组分。通过触角电位(EAG)测试,发现反-10-十二碳烯醇醋酸酯(A)、B和反-7,顺-9-十二碳二烯醇醋酸酯(C)对该虫雄蛾触角有强烈刺激作用。大量田间诱蛾试验表明,由A和B两化合物组成的性引诱剂,对该虫雄蛾有很高的引诱活性。其中A和B按5:2混合,剂量50μg/诱捕盆,单盆每日最多诱捕雄蛾达776头,诱捕雄蛾总数是1头活雌蛾的16.8倍。顺-10-十二碳烯醇醋酸酯(D)和反-10-十四碳烯醇醋酸酯(E)降低AB的引诱活性,甘油作为缓释剂,能延长诱芯的有效期,即诱蛾活性。上述结果表明,我国大豆食心虫性信息素不同于日本大豆食心虫性信息素。小面积防治应用试验效果明显。 相似文献
14.
B.S. Corrêa-Ferreira L.A. Domit L. Morales R.C. Guimarães 《Integrated Pest Management Reviews》2000,5(2):75-80
A Soybean IPM system was deployed in large, continuous river basin areas. The system was designed to improve the productivity of the rural environment by restoring balance among pests and their natural enemies. The system was developed with the active participation of various governmental, industrial and academic institutions, and it was based on the main approaches utilized by the EMBRAPA soybean IPM program referred here as IPM-Soybean.The work of IPM-Soybean in microbasins is being implemented in five counties in Paraná state (Campo Mourão, Mamborê, Missal, Cambé and Toledo) in an area of approximately 18,020ha of soybean involving 343 producers at various stages of implementation. The results obtained in the Rio do Campo basin in Campo Mourão, after four years of IPM-Soybean, showed drastic changes in pest control practices. Mean number of insecticide applications per cropping year in the river basin fell from 2.8 (1993/94 season) to 1.23 four seasons later. Biological control of the velvetbean caterpillar, Anticarsia gemmatalis, by Baculovirus anticarsia increased 57%, from 205ha treated with this biological product in the 1993/94 season to 2730ha in 1998. A mean of about 300,000 Trissolcus basalis (Wollaston) adults were released per year to control soybean stink bugs. As a consequence of the parasitoid release and the use of more selective insecticides, the number of insecticide applications to control stink bugs was significantly reduced. After two soybean seasons with IPM-Soybean in the river basin, mean applications for stink bugs decreased from 0.81 before the program started to 0.09 in 1996. The mean number of applications in the region and the state respectively were 9.20 and 11.44 times greater. In 1997 and 1998, the results again showed very low population densities of stink bugs in the river basin area, with a consequent reduction in insecticide applications for the control of these pests. Furthermore there was a substantial improvement in the range of products used in this area for soybean pest control. Broad spectrum products, used in 97.5% of the applications before start of IPM-Soybean (1993/94), were replaced with more selective products, especially biologicals and growth regulators. The latter had rarely been used by the river basin producers before the study (0.6% of the applications), but they accounted for 35.8% of the applications after four seasons with IPM-Soybean. IPM-Soybean developed in river basins has resulted in a more stable control system that, in turn, provides greater long-term equilibrium between the pests and the natural enemies populations in these soybean producing areas. 相似文献
15.
为深入了解黄野螟Heortia vitessoides性信息素生物合成及释放机制,采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和透射电镜对黄野螟雌成虫性信息素分泌腺形态和超微结构进行观察。结果表明,黄野螟雌成虫性信息素分泌腺为一个完整的环状上皮结构,位于腹部末端第8腹节和第9腹节之间的节间膜上。黄野螟雌成虫性信息素分泌腺表面分布着3类8种感器,即I～IV型毛形感器、I和II型刺形感器及I和II型锥形感器。分泌腺细胞单层密集排列在角质层内表面,细胞呈柱状或圆形,表皮层分为上表皮和内表皮,细胞中还有发达的肌肉层、脂滴以及线粒体等结构组织。 相似文献
16.
为明确桃小食心虫Carposina sasakii Matsumura成虫的种群动态变化,2002—2014年在陕西省礼泉县当地具有代表性的苹果园中,采用性诱剂诱捕器对桃小食心虫成虫的种群动态进行系统监测,并于2010年和2011年的7—8月桃小食心虫成虫盛发期,系统调查了成虫发生量与苹果着卵量的关系,建立基于性诱剂监测的桃小食心虫成虫防治指标。结果显示,苹果园桃小食心虫成虫的种群动态、始见期和终见期在年度之间差异很大,每年主要集中在6—8月发生;桃小食心虫成虫每年出现多次无规律的高峰,但第1代成虫高峰期发生的早晚与越冬代成虫高峰期出现的早晚有密切联系,即越冬代成虫高峰期出现早,则第1代成虫高峰期出现也就相对较早,且越冬代成虫发生量明显多于第1代成虫。性诱剂诱捕的成虫与卵果率之间呈极显著的对数关系,当以卵果率1%或2%为防治指标时,性诱剂诱捕器诱蛾量为8.3头/诱捕器·日或30.0头/诱捕器·日。 相似文献
17.
C. D. van Loon 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1992,98(Z2):231-240
Relatively large amounts of pesticides are needed to control diseases and pests in modern, intensive potato production. Integrated crop management offers a way of reducing the need for pesticides. It aims to reduce costs and improve the quality of the product and of the production methods, while maintaining soil fertility and the quality of the environment. The components of integrated crop management are described. Prevention of diseases and pests has high priority. If diseases or pests are present, non-chemical control methods are preferred and chemical control is based on economic criteria and the monitoring of the soil and crops. The contribution of integrated crop management to the control of two important fungal diseases, late blight (Phytophthora infestans), and stem canker (Rhizoctonia solani) and of one pest, potato cyst nematode (Globodera spp..) is described. The prospects for further development of integrated crop protection are discussed. 相似文献
18.
Daniel Blumberg 《Phytoparasitica》2008,36(5):411-448
This review summarizes the current knowledge on the distribution, natural history, economic importance and management of 16
major species of date palm pests in Israel. Another 15, rarely occurring, pest species are also identified. Research on the
date palm pests in Israel was initiated against a background of severe outbreaks of scale insects in the late 1950s. These
outbreaks were caused mainly by unrestrained use of organophosphates. This situation led to the gradual development of an
Integrated Pest Management (IPM) program, which was implemented first against scale insects and later against fruit pests.
The IMP approach resulted in successful control of the scale insects, up to the present, whereas agrotechnical and crop management
procedures, including covering the fruit bunches with plastic nets and early harvesting of several date cultivars, were successfully
applied to achieve efficient control of the fruit moths. In addition, the use of chemical compounds in date plantations was
drastically reduced and restricted to heavy foci of pest infestation. In time, microbial control, mainly application ofBacillus thuringiensis products against the lesser date moth, and the use of pheromone traps for monitoring and controlling red palm weevil, enabled
further reductions in the use of synthetic insecticides. The overall change in pest management also significantly improved
the preservation of natural enemies of the pests in the plantations. Whereas in the 1950s the major problems were caused by
the parlatoria date scale and the green scale, in the early 2000s the key pests in date plantations in Israel are the lesser
date moth and sap beetles in most of the date-growing areas, and spider mites which are restricted to the Arava Valley. Future
management of the first two of these pests should rely on an improved monitoring system and integration of pheromone application
for reduction of the population and damage. Efforst should be made to prevent the red palm weevil, which currently is a potential
pest, from becoming an actual key pest in date plantations. 相似文献
19.
为了解胡杨春尺蠖Apocheima cinerarius的发生蔓延过程,以新疆叶尔羌河流域中下游巴楚县夏河林区胡杨林分布区为研究区,利用ENVI+IDL软件提取2001—2016年的MODIS 13Q1数据得到16年的胡杨春尺蠖发生区域,借助CLUE-S模型对其发生分布规律进行分析和预测,反演并验证2006年该虫的发生分布范围,进而预测2020年胡杨春尺蠖各发生等级的空间分布。结果显示,2001—2016年,胡杨春尺蠖的发生范围在逐步扩散,且扩散较为明显;该虫的发生面积在逐步增加,极重度发生、重度发生、中度发生、轻度发生的面积占比分别提高了4.98、11.36、19.52、24.62个百分点,而无虫害面积占比则下降了59.48个百分点,降至37.18%;借助CLUE-S模型反演并验证2006年胡杨春尺蠖发生分布范围,模拟结果正确率达88.85%,一致性检验Kappa系数达0.86;2020年该虫的空间分布模拟预测结果显示,该年胡杨春尺蠖各发生等级的分布空间格局变化相对明显,各程度虫害发生面积均不断增加,无虫害面积占比降至30.57%。表明胡杨春尺蠖为害形势非常严峻,必须针对极重度发生区域进行专项治理,运用CLUE-S模型反演虫害发生区域是一种能准确预测虫害发生的高效方法,模拟结果可指导实施飞防作业。 相似文献