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1.
螺虫乙酯对大型溞的急性和慢性毒性效应   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
为评价新型季酮酸衍生物类杀虫剂螺虫乙酯(spirotetramat)对水生生物的生态危害,以大型溞Daphnia magna为研究对象,将其暴露于不同质量浓度的螺虫乙酯中,通过急性毒性试验、慢性毒性试验和子代染毒及恢复试验,研究螺虫乙酯对大型溞的急性和21 d慢性毒性效应。急性毒性试验结果表明,螺虫乙酯对大型溞的48 h-EC50值为46.55 mg/L。慢性毒性试验结果表明,经不同浓度螺虫乙酯暴露21 d后,4.7 mg/L浓度组在初次产溞数、母溞产溞总数和母溞产胎数上较对照都有显著减少,并显著延后了初次产溞的时间。经螺虫乙酯暴露后的F0代大型溞所产后代(F1代)对螺虫乙酯的耐药性降低,同时对F1代染毒组的初次产溞时间、初次产溞数和产胎数均有显著影响,但仅对F1代恢复组的体长有显著影响。综上所述,螺虫乙酯对大型溞具有一定的生殖毒性,并在一定程度上对大型溞的生长和繁殖能力具有抑制效应。  相似文献   

2.
选用小鼠血清及脾脏组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活力及丙二醛(MDA)含量为观察指标,从机体氧化和抗氧化系统是否失衡的角度研究了乙烯利的氧化应激作用。结果表明,乙烯利能明显降低小鼠血清及脾脏组织中SOD和GSH-Px的活性。其中:134,268 mg/kg bw剂量处理组血清SOD和GSH-Px活性分别降低了8.91% ,12.44%和4.18% ,8.54% ;268, 536 mg/kg bw剂量组脾脏SOD和GSH-Px活性分别降低了8.34% ,19.61%和9.72%,24.86% ;与对照组差异显著(PP<0.01)。结果显示,乙烯利能破坏小鼠机体氧化和抗氧化系统的平衡,引起氧化应激。  相似文献   

3.
采用盆栽控水试验法,研究了干旱胁迫及复水对豌豆苗期叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量、质膜相对透性(RC)的影响,对豌豆苗期抗氧化能力进行了综合评价。结果表明:干旱胁迫降低了SOD活性,随胁迫程度加重和历时延长降幅增大。轻度干旱胁迫10 d或重度干旱胁迫提高了POD和CAT活性,随胁迫程度加重和历时延长增幅加大。复水5 d对CAT、SOD活性产生部分补偿效应,对POD活性产生等量补偿效应。复水10 d对SOD活性产生等量补偿效应,对CAT、POD活性产生等量或超补偿效应;干旱胁迫增加了MDA含量,随胁迫程度加重增幅加大、胁迫历时延长增幅减少。复水5 d、10 d对干旱胁迫5 d豌豆叶片MDA含量分别产生部分和等量补偿效应。干旱胁迫导致膜脂透性增大,随胁迫程度加重和历时延长增幅加大。复水5 d、10 d可分别产生部分和等量补偿效应。  相似文献   

4.
螺虫乙酯及其代谢物在梨和土壤中的残留及消解动态   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
为建立梨和土壤中螺虫乙酯及其代谢物螺虫乙酯-烯醇-糖苷 (S-glu)、螺虫乙酯-酮-羟基 (S-keto)、螺虫乙酯-烯醇 (S-enol) 和螺虫乙酯-单羟基 (S-mono) 的残留分析方法,以及明确螺虫乙酯在梨中的残留规律,采用体积分数为1%的乙酸乙腈为提取剂,以N-丙基乙二胺 (PSA) 和无水硫酸镁为分散净化剂的QuEChERS方法,利用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱 (UPLC-MS/MS) 在选择反应监测模式 (SRM) 下检测,外标法定量。结果显示:螺虫乙酯在0.0005~0.1 mg/L范围内,S-glu在0.005~0.5 mg/L范围内,S-keto、S-enol和S-mono在0.0005~0.5 mg/L范围内各化合物的质量浓度与质谱峰面积间均具有良好的线性关系 (R2 ≥ 0.999);在0.005~0.7 mg/kg添加水平下,螺虫乙酯及其代谢物在梨果中的平均回收率为84%~109%,相对标准偏差 (RSD) 为1.2%~3.3%;在土壤中平均回收率为86%~102%,RSD为1.1%~3.6%。最低检测浓度 (LOQ)为5 μg/kg。该方法检测速度快、灵敏度高、重现性好,适用于梨和土壤中螺虫乙酯及其代谢物残留的快速检测和确证。按推荐剂量进行田间施药,当梨果成熟采收时,螺虫乙酯及其代谢物在梨中的残留量之和在0.023~0.056 mg/kg之间,低于中国规定的最大残留限量标准 (0.7 mg/kg);在土壤中的残留量在0~0.015 mg/kg之间。螺虫乙酯及其代谢物在梨果和土壤中的消解动态均符合一级反应动力学方程,半衰期分别为为12.4 d和7.1 d。田间残留试验结果表明,螺虫乙酯用于梨树害虫防治是安全的。  相似文献   

5.
为探讨温度对茶小绿叶蝉适应能力的影响,室内设置-10、-5、0、5、10、15、20、25、30、35、38、41和44℃共13个温度梯度,测定了不同温度处理1 h后成虫存活率及其保护酶系超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、铜锌超氧化物歧化酶(Cn Zn-SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)和总蛋白含量的变化。结果表明,在5~35℃之间,成虫存活率均大于90%,其它处理成虫存活率明显降低。SOD、POD、CAT、T-AOC活性和总蛋白含量变化在5~30℃之间差异不显著,温度低于5℃或高于35℃时,保护酶活性亦有降低或增加的趋势,但均以41℃时含量最高,SOD、POD、CAT、T-AOC活性和总蛋白含量分别为2.64、0.68、1.58、0.67 U/mg和178.33μg/m L,但Cn Zn-SOD活性在各处理中均无显著差异,其值在0.96~1.05 U/mg之间。低温处理下的试虫反应更敏感,各指标含量均低于高温处理。表明茶小绿叶蝉成虫存活率、保护酶活性变化、总抗氧化能力和总蛋白含量与温度密切相关,在低温和高温下致死的原因与保护酶系统被破坏有关。  相似文献   

6.
为明确粘质沙雷氏菌Serratia marcescens S-JS1与杀虫剂对灰飞虱的联合作用,以及S-JS1对灰飞虱解毒酶和保护酶活性的影响,以灰飞虱3龄若虫为对象,采用喷雾法比较了S-JS1与5种杀虫剂 (螺虫乙酯、噻虫嗪、吡虫啉、啶虫脒和毒死蜱) 单用,以及菌、药混用对灰飞虱的杀虫活性,测定了灰飞虱取食经S-JS1处理的水稻后,虫体内羧酸酯酶 (CarE)、谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶 (GSTs)、过氧化物酶 (POD) 和超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD) 的活性变化。结果表明:粘质沙雷氏菌S-JS1分别与不同浓度杀虫剂混用,均可提高杀虫剂对灰飞虱的致死率。其中,109 cfu/mL的S-JS1与1.25 mg/L的噻虫嗪混用处理3 d,或与25 mg/L的螺虫乙酯混用处理5 d,灰飞虱的死亡率分别为65.58%和76.27%,均显著高于同浓度杀虫剂单用的处理 (噻虫嗪单用时致死率为44.24%,螺虫乙酯为49.22%),表现为增效作用 (χ2 > 3.84,实测死亡率 – 预期死亡率 > 0);其他各混用处理均为相加作用 (χ2 < 3.84)。灰飞虱取食经粘质沙雷氏菌处理的水稻苗后12和24 h,其CarE活性与对照组间无显著性差异,GSTs活性呈先降低后升高趋势,POD和SOD活性均低于对照组。研究表明,粘质沙雷氏菌S-JS1可能降低了灰飞虱对杀虫剂的抵抗力。本研究可为探索昆虫病原细菌与杀虫剂间的联合应用提供参考,为灰飞虱的有效防治提供新思路。  相似文献   

7.
为了明确螺虫乙酯大量使用后残留剂量对丽蚜小蜂寄生能力的亚致死效应,本研究在测定螺虫乙酯对丽蚜小蜂室内毒力的基础上,研究了不同浓度螺虫乙酯对丽蚜小蜂寄生功能反应的影响。结果表明LC10、LC30和LC50的螺虫乙酯均可降低丽蚜小蜂对烟粉虱若虫的瞬时攻击率。经LC50的螺虫乙酯处理后的丽蚜小蜂对烟粉虱若虫的处理时间延长,达0.13 d,寄生上限降低,寄生效能被抑制。经LC10的螺虫乙酯处理后的丽蚜小蜂对烟粉虱若虫的处理时间缩短,仅0.04 d,寄生上限提高,寄生效能被促进,但其平均寿命仅13.07 d;当烟粉虱若虫密度较高时,LC10的螺虫乙酯处理后的丽蚜小蜂对烟粉虱若虫的搜寻效应提高。LC50的螺虫乙酯可抑制丽蚜小蜂的寄生能力,而LC10的螺虫乙酯可刺激丽蚜小蜂,提升寄生效能,但缩短了成虫寿命。田间使用螺虫乙酯防治烟粉虱时,应注意其残留量对丽蚜小蜂寄生能力的亚致死效应。  相似文献   

8.
牡丹皮、黄连、大黄提取物对松材线虫生理代谢的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
对3种中草药黄连、牡丹皮、大黄的乙醇提取物毒杀松材线虫作用机制进行了初步研究。测定了其对线虫体内总糖和蛋白含量的影响, 处理前后线虫体内超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、过氧化物酶（POD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）和乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）酶活性变化和丙二醛（MDA）含量变化, 处理前后SOD、CAT、GSH-Px和AChE表达量变化; 并用松枝水培试验测定3种提取物对松材线虫病害的防控效果。结果表明, 提取物处理后线虫体内总糖及蛋白含量显著下降, 线虫体内糖及蛋白质的代谢受到干扰; 线虫体内SOD、CAT、GSH-Px酶活性提高, POD活性显著下降, MDA含量升高, 表明线虫体内氧化与抗氧化作用失衡, 细胞功能受到极大影响; AChE活性被抑制, 表明线虫的神经系统受到破坏, SOD、CAT、GSH-Px和POD表达量与酶活性变化基本一致。松枝水培试验表明中药提取物能够有效控制松材线虫病害发生。综上, 3种提取物引起的松材线虫体内众多生理指标的改变是造成线虫死亡的主要原因。  相似文献   

9.
螺虫乙酯及其代谢物和氯虫苯甲酰胺在龙眼上的残留动态   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
建立了龙眼中螺虫乙酯及其代谢物和氯虫苯甲酰胺残留量的高效液相色谱-串联质谱 (HPLC-MS/MS) 检测方法。于2018年进行了1年6地螺虫乙酯及其代谢物和氯虫苯甲酰胺在龙眼上的规范残留田间试验,研究了螺虫乙酯及其代谢物和氯虫苯甲酰胺在龙眼上的残留行为。样品用乙腈提取,以N-丙基乙二胺 (PSA) 净化,HPLC-MS/MS检测,外标法定量。结果表明:在0.01~1 mg/kg 3个添加水平下,螺虫乙酯及其代谢物、氯虫苯甲酰胺在龙眼全果和果肉中的平均回收率分别为83%~103%和87%~92%;相对标准偏差分别为2.3%~8.7%和3.3%~6.3%;定量限均为0.01 mg/kg。田间试验结果显示:22.4%螺虫乙酯悬浮剂以有效成分60 mg/kg、5%氯虫苯甲酰胺悬浮剂以有效成分50 mg/kg施用2次,间隔7~10 d,于末次施药后14 d取样测定,螺虫乙酯和氯虫苯甲酰胺在龙眼全果中的残留量分别为0.30~1.14和0.06~0.29 mg/kg,在果肉中的残留量分别为 <0.05和 <0.01 mg/kg。研究结果可为指导这两种农药的田间安全合理使用及制定其在龙眼上的最大残留限量提供参考。  相似文献   

10.
螺虫乙酯在染毒雄性大鼠体内的分布与代谢   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  
建立了采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱仪(UPLC-MS/MS)检测不同动物样品中螺虫乙酯及其主要代谢物残留量的方法,并研究了螺虫乙酯在大鼠体内的吸收与代谢。样品中螺虫乙酯及其主要代谢物经甲醇提取及C18固相萃取(SPE)柱净化后,用UPLC-MS/MS检测。结果显示,所建立方法快速、灵敏,每个样品上机检测仅需3 min,方法的最低检出浓度(LOQ)为0.005 mg/kg。对按照每千克体重每日250 mg剂量染毒28 d后的大鼠体内螺虫乙酯残留量的检测结果表明:螺 虫乙酯在睾丸、肝脏、肺、肾、心脏、血浆等器官和组织中的残留量较低,平均在0.012~0.025 mg/kg 之间,且分布差异不显著,而脂肪和肌肉中螺虫乙酯的残留量显著低于睾丸和肝脏中的残留量(P P 肾>血浆>肺>心脏>睾丸>脂肪>肌肉。  相似文献   

11.
The aim of the present study was to investigate the ameliorative properties of lycopene against the toxic effects of deltamethrin (DM) by examining oxidative damage markers such as lipid peroxidation and the antioxidant defense system components in carp (Cyprinus carpio). The fish were divided into seven groups of 15 fish each and received the following treatments: Group 1, no treatment; Group 2, orally administered corn oil; Group 3, oral lycopene (10 mg/kg body weight); Group 4, exposure to 0.018 μg/L DM; Group 5, exposure to 0.018 μg/L DM plus oral administration of 10 mg/kg lycopene; Group 6, exposure to 0.036 μg/L DM; and Group 7, exposure to 0.036 μg/L DM plus oral administration of 10 mg/kg lycopene. Treatment was continued for 14 days, and at the end of this period, blood and tissue (liver, kidney, and gill) samples were collected. Levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities were determined in blood and tissues for measurement of oxidant-antioxidant status. A significant elevation in the level of MDA, as an index of lipid peroxidation, and reductions in antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px) and low molecular weight antioxidant (GSH) levels were observed in DM-exposed fish. Treatment with lycopene attenuated the DM-induced oxidative stress by significantly decreasing the levels of MDA. In addition, lycopene significantly increased the SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px activities and the level of GSH. The present results suggest that administration of lycopene might alleviate DM-induced oxidative stress.  相似文献   

12.
以转入Cu ,Zn-SOD基因的马铃薯为材料 ,研究了在不同NaCl浓度胁迫下其活性氧代谢及保护酶活性的变化。结果表明 ,在NaCl胁迫下转基因马铃薯植株体内的超氧阴离子 (O2-)含量明显低于对照非转基因马铃薯 ,H2O2含量前者略高于后者但差异不大 ;超氧化物歧化酶活性转基因马铃薯显著高于对照 ,过氧化氢酶及抗坏血酸过氧化物酶活性转基因马铃薯高于对照 ;转基因马铃薯体内的脂质过氧化产物丙二醛 (MDA)含量显著低于对照。研究表明 ,转入Cu ,Zn-SOD基因马铃薯具有较强的抗氧化能力 ,具有耐 (抗 )盐的潜力。  相似文献   

13.
为评价乙草胺的毒性,以斑马鱼为受试生物,采用静态法和实时荧光定量PCR方法,研究了乙草胺对斑马鱼成鱼和胚胎的急性毒性、对胚胎的致畸作用,以及不同窗口期暴露对幼鱼甲状腺相关基因的影响。结果表明:乙草胺对斑马鱼成鱼96 h-LC50值为3.04 mg/L,属中等毒性,对胚胎的120 h-LC50值为5.32 mg/L;斑马鱼胚胎受精后于0.3 mg/L乙草胺中暴露5 d,幼鱼可出现心包囊水肿、脊索弯曲等致畸现象。窗口期暴露试验表明:斑马鱼胚胎受精后3 h起于0.06 mg/L乙草胺中暴露10和14 d,以及在0.3 mg/L乙草胺中暴露10 d,均会引起幼鱼脱碘酶基因(d1、d2)、甲状腺激素受体基因(trα、trβ)、钠/碘同向转运体基因(s1c5a5)、促甲状腺激素释放激素基因(crh)、促甲状腺激素基因(tsh)等的表达呈现不同程度下调,而在0.3 mg/L乙草胺中暴露14 d,除d1的表达量显著上调外,对其余各相关基因的表达均无明显影响。试验结果表明,乙草胺能够干扰斑马鱼幼鱼早期发育,且在不同暴露浓度和时间下,干扰效应存在较大差异。  相似文献   

14.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate oxidative stress and neurotoxic potential of organophosphorus (OP) insecticide diazinon in the sentinel freshwater fish, Oreochromis niloticus. Antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein levels were measured spectrophotometrically in gill, kidney, alimentary tract, and muscle tissues of fish treated with sub-lethal diazinon concentrations for 1, 7, 15, and 30 days. Dose-dependent inhibitions of AChE were observed in all the experimental fish. On the contrary of alimentary tract, MDA levels were elevated in kidney and muscle and gill was not affected. AChE and MDA levels intercorrelated in kidney and muscle tissues. Diazinon had increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in all the tissues, while kidney was the most affected tissue. Tissue-specific alterations were observed on catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities; however, the activities were not changed in gill and muscle tissues for GPx and in gill, muscle, and kidney tissues for CAT. Protein levels decreased in kidney, muscle, and alimentary tract, while increased in gill and alimentary tract in 15 days. With respect to these results, diazinon has oxidative and neurotoxic potentials in O. niloticus. Observed changes with diazinon treatment were generally tissue-specific and dose-dependent.  相似文献   

15.
Propoxur (PPr) is a widely used broad spectrum carbamate insecticide mainly used to control household pests. Because of the widespread use of pesticides for domestic and industrial applications, evaluation of their neurotoxic effects is of major concern to public health. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the possible protective effects of Nigella sativa oil (NSO), an antioxidant agent, against PPr-induced toxicity and oxidative stress in different brain regions of rats including cerebellum, cortex and hippocampus. In the present study, 32 male Sprague-Dawley rats were used and divided into four equal groups. Group 1 was allocated as the control group. Groups 2-4 were orally administered 1 ml/kg/bw/day NSO, 8.51 mg/kg/bw/day PPr or NSO plus PPr, respectively, for 30 days. Lipid peroxidation (LPO), protein carbonyl content (PCC) and acetylcholine esterase activity (AChE) were determined. Enzymatic antioxidant activities [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione-S-transferase (GST)] and non-enzymatic antioxidants [reduced glutathione (GSH)] were determined. PPr treatment significantly increased the levels of LPO, PCC and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) in brain regions. On the contrary, levels of GSH and the activities of SOD, CAT, GSH-Px, GST and AChE were significantly decreased. NSO treatment to PPr intoxicated rats restored such biochemical parameters to within control levels except GST activity, emphasizing its antioxidant role. We conclude that NSO significantly reduces PPr-induced toxicity and oxidative stress in rat brain regions via a free radicals scavenging mechanism.  相似文献   

16.
Although antibiotics have different molecular modes of actions, increasing evidence for their secondary effects suggests that they disturb cellular homeostasis by generating free radical intermediates that trigger lipid peroxidation, which leads to oxidative stress. Streptomycin is an antibiotic insecticide used to control pest insects and microbial diseases of agricultural crops. We investigated the biochemical basis for pro-oxidative effects of streptomycin in the midgut tissues of greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella (L.) seventh-instar larvae by measuring content of the oxidative stress indicator, malondialdehyde (MDA), and antioxidant enzymes [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx)] and transaminases [alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST)] activities. The insects were reared from first-instar larvae on artificial diets containing 0.001, 0.01, 0.1 or 1.0 g streptomycin per 100 g of diets. The supplementation of streptomycin at high concentrations to the diets caused oxidative stress as evidenced by the elevation of MDA content, SOD and GPx activities, accompanied by the concurrent depletion of CAT and GST activities. The streptomycin-induced oxidative stress was also accompanied by decreases of transaminases activities in midgut tissues. We found a significant negative correlation of MDA contents with GST activities in the larval midgut tissues. These results suggest that exposure to dietary streptomycin resulted in oxidative stress which could impact midgut digestive physiology at the expense of impairment of antioxidant and transaminases enzymes in G. mellonella larvae.  相似文献   

17.
Present study aimed mainly to assess oxidative stress pesticides such as methyl parathion (MP) and diazinon, which are widely used insecticides and contaminate aquatic ecosystems, on certain biomarkers in various tissues of rainbowtrout (Oncorhynchcus mykiss). Biomarkers selected for stress monitoring were malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant defense system (ADS) mainly reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione reductase (GR), peroxidase (GSH-PX), transferase (GST) and superoxidedismutase (SOD) activities in the liver, gills and muscle of fishes exposed to 0.5 and 1 ppm dosages of MP and diazinon for 24, 48 and 72 h. According to these results, after the administrations of MP and diazinon promote MDA content in some of the tissues of fishes treated with both dosages of MP and diazinon. With regard to the ADS, GSH-Px, GST, SOD, GR activities and GSH levels fluctuated after 24, 48 and 72 h in all the treatment groups compared with controls. Collective results demonstrated that exposure of fish to pesticides induced an increase in MDA joined with fluctuated ADS. This may reflect the potential role of these parameters as useful biomarkers for assessment of water pollution.  相似文献   

18.
The study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of different concentrations of phoxim on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and esterase (EST) activities, and antioxidant system after topical application to Oxya chinensis. The results showed that phoxim inhibited AChE activity, and did not cause significant changes in the EST activity and the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH). After phoxim administration, superoxide (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities showed a biphasic response with an initial increase followed by a decline in their activities. Glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities were inhibited in comparison with the control. Glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity showed irregular changes. Its activity increased significantly at the concentrations of 0.06 and 0.12 μg/μL and decreased at the concentrations of 0.09 and 0.24 μg/μL compared with the control. Changes in SOD, CAT, GST, GPx, and GR activities indicated that phoxim caused oxidative damage in O. chinensis. However, no significant changes in MDA content suggested that these enzymes played important roles in scavenging the oxidative free radicals induced by phoxim in O. chinensis. The formation of oxygen free radicals might be a factor in the toxicity of phoxim.  相似文献   

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