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1.
为了探索高大平房仓及粮堆内磷化氢长时间低浓度环流熏蒸技术，以相对延长毒气对害虫的作用时间，克服气密性不足，进一步提高环流熏蒸的杀虫效果，几年来，我库在新建高大平房仓进行了以环流熏蒸为主的防治技术试验。经过比较分析，结果表明膜下缓释和间歇环流熏蒸的综合应用，能使杀虫效果更好。 相似文献
2.
环流熏蒸在低粮温情况下的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在低粮温情况下，利用环流熏蒸技术，进行杀虫试验，取得了满意的杀虫效果，扩展了环流熏蒸杀虫技术的应用范围。对环流熏蒸杀虫技术提出了几点新看法。 相似文献
3.
利用简易环流回风管进行逆向环流熏蒸，能有效地解决膜下环流因回风不均而出现熏蒸死角这一难题。从试验结果看，该方法熏蒸效果好，费用低且操作简便。 相似文献
4.
为提高熏蒸效果，减轻保粮人员劳动强度，降低熏蒸费用，减少熏蒸用药量，我库积极进行了一些有益的探索。2004年我库改进熏蒸方式，把原先利用仓外投药器施药膜下环流熏蒸改用通风槽投药膜下环流熏蒸，通过试验，取得了良好的杀虫效果和经济效益。现就具体熏蒸试验情况介绍如下。 相似文献
5.
在高大平房仓中运用磷化氢仓外投药环流熏蒸技术进行熏蒸杀虫，能有效解决药剂穿透力和分布速度以及毒气在粮堆中的均匀分布等问题，使用磷化氢环流熏蒸处理的效果优于常规熏蒸处理的效果。但在实际运用过程中，由于仓外投药磷化氢环流熏蒸需要二氧化碳气体作为载体和起防燃爆作用，而二氧化碳的生产地离我库较远，价格高且运输不便等，所以难以得到推广。 相似文献
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环流熏蒸在筒仓和浅圆仓中的应用 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
环流熏蒸装置主要由专用环流风机（防爆型）、循环管道、气体分配器等组成。环流技术利用环流风机强制磷化氢气体在仓内和循环管道中流动，使磷化氢气体在粮堆中分布更均匀。环流熏蒸技术对粮仓的气密性有一定的要求。利用环流熏蒸对筒仓和浅圆仓中的粮食进行熏蒸，其效果非常好。 相似文献
9.
磷化氢环流熏蒸技术应用中需注意的几个问题 总被引：14，自引：5，他引：9
本文从仓房的气密性、用药量浓度和密闭时间与杀虫效果的关系、磷化氢环流熏蒸中可采用的几种方式、熏蒸效果的检查与评价等几个方面阐述了磷化氢环流熏蒸中应注意的若干问题，并对几种不宜进行整仓环流熏蒸的情况进行了说明。 相似文献
10.
敌敌畏和磷化铝自然潮解混合环流熏蒸杀虫试验 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
为了解决高大平房仓高粮堆、多抗性害虫和杀虫不彻底的问题，我们进行了敌敌畏与磷化铝混合粮面施药自然潮解环流熏蒸试验。研究表明，敌敌畏与磷化铝混合环流熏蒸几乎对所有储粮害虫都有较好的熏杀效果，尤其是对书虱、螨类、谷蠹等抗药性害虫，且较仓外投药环流熏蒸大大降低了熏蒸费用和投药时间，是一种具有推广价值的环流熏蒸杀虫方法。 相似文献
11.
Roger T. Chetelat Ricardo A. Pertuzé Luis Faúndez Elaine B. Graham Carl M. Jones 《Euphytica》2009,167(1):77-93
Over the past 20 years, several expeditions were made to northern Chile to collect populations of wild tomatoes (Solanum chilense, S. peruvianum) and allied nightshades (S. lycopersicoides, S. sitiens), and obtain information about their geographic distribution, ecology and reproductive biology. Restricted mainly to drainages
of the Andean and the coastal cordillera, populations are geographically fragmented. The two nightshade species are rare and
threatened by human activities. Adaptation to extreme aridity and soil salinity are evident in S. chilense and S. sitiens (the latter exhibits several xerophytic traits not seen in the tomatoes) and to low temperatures in S. lycopersicoides and S. chilense. All tested accessions are self-incompatible, with the exception of one S. peruvianum population collected at the southern limit of its distribution. Several distinguishing reproductive traits—anther color,
attachment, and dehiscence, pollen size, and flower scent—suggest S. sitiens and S. lycopersicoides attract different pollinators than S. chilense and S. peruvianum. The four Solanum spp. native or endemic to Chile provide a variety of novel traits which, through hybridization and introgression with cultivated
tomato, could facilitate development of improved varieties, as well as research on a variety of basic topics, including plant-pollinator
interactions, abiotic stress responses, and evolution of reproductive barriers. 相似文献
12.
Summary Accessions from exotic Solanum species, including diploid and tetraploid species, were screened for immunity to Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus, the causal agent of potato ring rot. The diploid species included S. infundibuliforme, S. lesteri, S. megistacrolobum, S. tuberosum Group Phureja, S. polyadenium, S. pinnatisectum, S. raphanifolium, S. sparsipilum, S. sanctae-rosae, S. tuberosum Group Stenotomum, S. toralapanum, and S. verrucosum. The tetraploid species included S. tuberosum Group Andigena, S. acaule, S. fendleri, S. hjertingii, S. oplocense, S. polytrichon, and S. stoloniferum. Apparent immunity was initially found in several diploid species, but was not present during subsequent retesting. Immunity was found in nine accessions of tetraploid S. acaule. These accessions maintained their immunity during testing over an eight-month period. S. acaule appears to be a good source of immunity for introgression studies. 相似文献
13.
Summary Pathogenicity of 20 isolates of 12 Fusarium species recovered from triticale seed against seedlings of 14 varieties of winter cereals (triticale, wheat, and rye) was tested. The most pathogenic inoculum was a mixture of isolates (a composite isolate) of all the species. The following species were individually the most pathogenic: F. avenaceum, F. culmorum, F. sambucinum var. coeruleum, and F. graminearum. Winter triticale was more resistant to seedling blight than rye but more susceptible than wheat.Also reactions of 31 winter and 12 spring varieties of cereals to head inoculation with a composite isolate of 4 Fusarium spp. (F. avenaceum, F. culmorum, F. graminearum, and F. sambucinum var. coeruleum) was studied. In comparison to other cereals of similar type winter and spring wheat appeared to be the most susceptible while winter rye reaction was comparable to winter triticale. Spring and winter triticale varieties responded to head infection intermediately.There was no significant correlation between seedling and head reactions to infection with Fusarium spp. for winter rye and triticale. For winter wheat a negative trend was found. The above findings imply that screening of cereals at the seedling stage can not be used to predict the resistance to head blight. Nevertheless, resistance at the stage is highly desirable to prevent excessive damage of the crops due to the seedling blight incited by Fusarium spp.. 相似文献
14.
Summary
Hordeum chilense is a wild barley extensively used in wide crosses in the Triticeae. It could be a valuable source of resistance to Fusarium culmorum and Septoria nodorum. Some H. chilense x Triticum spp. amphiploids, named tritordeums, were more resistant than the parental wheat line to these diseases, others were not. Average contents of ergosterol and deoxynivalenol (DON) suggested that resistance to colonization by Fusarium was the highest for Hordeum chilense, followed by tritordeum and wheat in decreasing order. In particular, the H. chilense genotypes H7 and H17 enhanced the wheat resistance to F. culmorum in its tritordeum offsprings. Resistance to S. nodorum in tritordeum was not associated with tall plant height. There is sufficient genetic variation for resistance to F. culmorum and S. nodorum among tritordeum to allow the breeding of lines combining short straw and resistance to both diseases. 相似文献
15.
The internal transcribed spacers ITS1 and ITS2 in the18S-5.8S-26S rDNA repeat units were amplified and cloned from Angelica gigas Nakai, Angelica acutiloba (Siebold & Zucc.) Kitagawa, A. dahurica Maxim, Angelica decursiva (Miq.) Franch. & Savat, Bupleurum falcatum L. and Peucedanum japonicum Thunb. Sequence analyses showed that ITS1 is approx. 215 bp, the 5.8S gene is 162 bp and the ITS2 approx. 221 bp in all six
species. The sequences are deposited at the EMBL Nucleotide Database. By including these new sequences in the Apiaceae phylogenetic
tree, a third branch consisting of P. japonicum, A. gigas, P. decursivum and A. decursiva is added to theAngelica clade. Peucedanum does not forma distinct branch. The sequence obtained from Angelica dahurica collected in S. Korea is identical to that reported for the same species originating from China. A Bupleurum clade of three species was added to the tree showing closer relationship to theDaucus Laserpitium clade than the Angelica clade. RAPD analysis of all six species showed that the 10-base primer OPC-17 only, out of the20 Kit-C primers from Operon
gave polymorphic banding patterns.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
16.
Summary Crossability of two cultivars of Cajanus cajan, eight species of Atylosia and one of Rhynchosia was investigated. Of the 73 combinations attempted, success was achieved in 12 cases. C. cajan crossed successfully with A. albicans, A. cajanifolia, A. lineata, A. scarabaeoides, and A. trinervia. Within the genus Atylosia, A. lineata crossed with A. albicans and A. scarabaeoides, and A. scarabaeoides with A. sericea. Three species
A. platycarpa, A. volubilis and R. rothii did not cross with any other one. In most of the unsuccessful combinations, although the pollen germinated on the receiving stigmas, the pollen tube growth was inhibited inside the stigma or in the stylar tissue. 相似文献
17.
Summary Sixteen promising lines (selections) of Lathyrus spp. (chicklings), comprising 11 L. sativus, four L. ochrus, and one L. cicera, were evaluated under rainfed conditions in Syria. Two locations in each of four years were treated as separate environments, to give eight environments altogether. Genotype x environment (G×E) interactions were analysed using linear regression.There was considerable variation in herbage and seed yields within both lines and environments. Genotype x environment interactions were present for both herbage and seed yields; a little over half was accounted for by the linear regression. The non-linear component was also significant, although it was smaller than that of the linear component.The most stable herbage and seed yields were obtained from L. sativus. Two selections, 347 and 311, origmating from Syria and Turkey respectively, combined both high herbage and seed yields with wide adaptation and stability, and could be considered the most widely adapted lines. Other lines were identified as suitable for favourable and unfavourable environments; in particular, all four lines of L. ochrus have great potential in frost-free climates. The importance of genotype x environment interactions in future breeding strategies is discussed. 相似文献
18.
J. T. Fletcher 《Euphytica》1992,63(1-2):33-49
Summary Cultivars of tomatoes, cucumbers, lettuce and peppers have been bred for resistance to one or more pathogens. Some tomato and cucumber cultivars have resistance to a wide range of diseases. Resistance has been transient in many cases and a succession of cultivars with new genes or new combinations of resistance genes has been necessary to maintain control. There has been a number of notable exceptions and these have included durable resistance to such pathogens asFulvia fulva and tomato mosaic virus. With lettuce the resistance situation is complicated by the occurrence of fungicide resistant pathotypes. There are no strains ofAgaricus bisporus purposely bred for disease resistance.In protected flower crops only resistance to Fusarium wilt in carnations has been purposely bred but differences in disease resistance are apparent in cultivars of many ornamental crops. This is particularly so in chrysanthemums where there are cultivars with resistance to many of the major pathogens. Similar situations occur with other flower crops and pot plants. Cultivars of some species have not been systematically investigated for resistance.The need for genetic resistance will increase with the further reduction, in the limits on pesticide use and an increasing public awareness and importance of pesticide pollution.ADAS is an executive agency of the Ministry of Agiculture, Fisheries and Food and the Welsh Office. 相似文献
19.
Summary Resistance of sunflower leaves to attack by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum was studied by infecting them, in the field, with agar disks containing Sclerotinia mycelium. Resistance levels were determined by the length of lesions after a given period. There were significant differences in reaction between both sunflower hybrids and inbred lines. Different Sclerotinia isolates gave the same classification of sunflower genotypes. The results of trials repeated in one year or different years were significantly correlated. The general combining ability variance/specific combining ability variance ratio was 1.35. Strict sense heritability was 0.61±0.03. The midparent-offspring correlation coefficient was significant, but the relation between per se values of the male parents used with the values of their hybrids was much closer than that for the female parents. Mean heterosis for resistance was 28.9%, compared with the midparent. The results of the leaf resistance test are frequently correlated with levels of resistance to root attack by Sclerotinia. Possible use of this test in breeding both directly for leaf resistance and indirectly for root resistance are discussed. H.P.L. Chromatography studies of the phenols present in healthy and infected leaves distinguished 19 compounds, all of the inhibitin type. There was a large increase in phenol content in leaves infected by Sclerotinia, for all genotypes. However, more especially in uninfected leaves, the contents of 3 chromatogram peaks, numbered 4, 6 and 9, showed a close relation with levels of Sclerotinia resistance. It is proposed that these compounds could be used as markers of certain types of resistance. 相似文献
20.
Summary Crosses between a wild species C. chacoense and three cultivated species of chili pepper viz. C. annuum, C. frutescens and C. chinense yielded hybrids when C. chacoense was the seed parent but the reciprocal crosses were unsuccessful. C. chacoense × C. annuum F1 hybrids were partly fertile and therefore an F2 population could be raised; the other two F1 hybrids were totally sterile. Chromosome pairing in the F1 plants resulted largely in bivalents and a few multivalents and univalents. The genomes of the four species share large homologies and the role of chromosome structural changes in genome differentiation is suggested. Hybrid sterility is the major reproductive isolation mechanism. 相似文献