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《中国兽医学报》2017,(9):1790-1796
研究硒化低聚氨基多糖(LSA)的安全性,采用寇氏法和食品安全国家标准(GB 15193.3-2014)进行了急性毒性评价,计算了LSA对ICR小鼠的半数致死量(LD50)和95%置信区间,并通过小鼠给药后体质量、死亡情况、器官指数、病理变化评价LSA对小鼠的急性毒性。结果显示:LSA对小鼠灌胃给药的LD50为2 884 mg/kg,其95%可信限为2 378~3 497mg/kg。与空白对照组相比,各组小鼠心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肾脏指数差异不显著(P>0.05),最大剂量(10 000mg/kg)组肺脏和胸腺指数差异显著(P<0.05)。LSA急性中毒死亡小鼠各组织均有出血状况,其中肺部淤血较为严重,小肠内容物暗红色,个别出现肠臌胀。结果表明,LSA属于低毒物质,毒性作用小,可以对其药效进行进一步研究。 相似文献
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小鼠钼中毒的毒性试验 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
为了评价钼的生物毒性,用钼酸铵对小鼠进行中毒试验.通过腹腔注射剂量分为600、720、863、1 036、1 244 mg/kg的(NH4)6 Mo7O24·4H2O,48 h统计死亡率并计算LD50;32只小鼠分为4组,分别在饮水加入含0、80、100、120 mg/L的(NH4)6Mo7O24·4H2O,每隔3 d称重,7 d后进行血液学和病理学分析.结果腹腔注射的LD50为813.264 mg/kg±0.0426 mg/kg;饮水中毒试验5 d时各剂量组均表现严重中毒症状,中毒小鼠尸体消瘦,小肠壁出血并有红白相间花斑,肾脏体积肿大,肝脏肿大发生脂肪变性;血液稀薄,血细胞压积降低,红细胞数和血红蛋白量减少,精子畸形率显著增加.表明钼酸铵对小鼠属于中等毒性,可造成贫血、组织脏器病变及精子畸形等. 相似文献
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防治奶牛乳房炎中药复方的抗炎作用及毒性作用研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
本试验采用小鼠二甲苯性耳肿胀法、大鼠羧甲基纤维素囊中白细胞游出法和棉球诱发小鼠肉芽组织增生法研究了防治奶牛乳房炎中药复方1、2的抗炎作用;采用改进Karber法,以半致死量(LD50)为评价急性毒性强度的指标,研究了复方1、2的急性毒性作用。试验结果表明:复方1对二甲苯致小鼠耳廓的肿胀抑制率为18.84%、14.77%和9.85%,复方2的肿胀抑制率为16.80%、14.48%和7.41%;复方1、2对大鼠羧甲基纤维素囊中白细胞游出均有明显的抑制作用;复方1对小鼠肉芽组织的增生抑制率为27.53%、20.32%和13.12%,复方2的增生抑制率为29.34%、21.43%和12.58%,说明复方1、2对急慢性炎症各个时期均有较强的抗炎作用,且复方1抗炎效果优于复方2。中药复方1、2提取液经小鼠腹腔给药的LD50分别为6523.79mg/kg、22861.25mg/kg,复方1、2提取液的LD50的95%可信限分别为5513.91￣7718.63mg/kg、20641.44￣25319.78mg/kg,说明复方1、2属于实际无毒物质,可以应用于进一步临床试验研究。 相似文献
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国产硫酸头孢喹肟对小鼠的急性和蓄积毒性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了研究国产硫酸头孢喹肟对昆明小鼠的急性毒性和蓄积毒性,采用改良寇氏法测定国产硫酸头孢喹肟的LD50;以剂量定期递增法计算蓄积系数,并于给药后第21天给予试验组和对照组小鼠1 LD50的量,观察各组小鼠对硫酸头孢喹肟的耐受性。结果表明,国产硫酸头孢喹肟原料药对小鼠口服LD50大于5 000 mg/kg,其混悬液制剂对小鼠腹腔注射LD50为844.03 mg/kg,LD50的95%可信限为802.05 mg/kg~887.56 mg/kg;蓄积试验中无小鼠死亡,蓄积系数K>5.3;耐受性试验显示,试验组死亡率(10%)显著低于对照组(40%)(P<0.05)。由此可见,国产硫酸头孢喹肟毒性低,临床使用安全,对小鼠没有蓄积毒性,小鼠对本品可产生明显耐受性。 相似文献
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为评价血根碱的安全性,采用改良寇氏法进行了血根碱的急性毒性试验。分别采用腹腔注射与灌胃两种给药方式,一次性对小鼠给予不同剂量血根碱,连续观察7 d。结果表明,小鼠腹腔注射血根碱的最大耐受量为15.0 mg/kg,其LD50为9.4 mg/kg,LD50的95%可信限为8.6-10.3 mg/kg;灌胃给药的最大耐受量为2 000 mg/kg,其LD50为1 029.7 mg/kg,LD50的95%可信限为903.7-1 173.2 mg/kg。该结果为血根碱临床剂量的选择奠定了基础。 相似文献
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为评价茎直黄芪中药复方解毒散的安全性,进行了茎直黄芪中药复方解毒散对小鼠的急性毒性和亚慢性毒性试验研究。采用改良Karber法测得茎直黄芪中药复方解毒散对小鼠的口服急性毒性LD50为（176.91±22.70）g/kg,95%可信限为156.60-202.00 g/kg,属低毒;采用经口灌胃法对小鼠连续给药7 d,7 d后对小鼠各项生理指标的测定结果表明,茎直黄芪中药复方解毒散在使用剂量范围内对小鼠的行为、体质量、饮食状况、生理和生化指标均无不良影响。在亚慢性毒性试验中,给药7 d后各给药组小鼠肾脏脏器系数与对照组差异不显著（P〉0.05）;各种酶指标与对照组亦无显著性差异（P〉0.05）。由此可知,茎直黄芪中药复方预防解毒散毒性极低,使用安全。 相似文献
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Meschan EM Peham C Schobesberger H Licka TF 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2007,173(3):578-584
As there is no statistical evidence that saddle fit influences the load exerted on a horse's back, this study was performed to assess the hypothesis that the width of the tree significantly alters the pressure distribution on the back beneath the saddle. Nineteen sound horses were ridden at walk and trot on a treadmill with three saddles differing only in tree width. Kinetic data were recorded by a sensor mat. A minimum of 14 motion cycles were used in each trial. The saddles were classified into four groups depending on fit. For each horse, the saddle with the lowest overall force (LOF) was determined. Saddles were classified as "too-narrow" if they were one size (2 cm) narrower than the LOF saddle, and "too-wide" if they were one size (2 cm) wider than the LOF saddle. Saddles two sizes wider than LOF saddles were classified as "very-wide". In the group of narrow saddles, the pressure in the caudal third (walk 0.63 N/cm(2)+/-0.10; trot 1.08 N/cm(2)+/-0.26) was significantly higher compared to the LOF saddles (walk 0.50 N/cm(2)+/-0.09; trot 0.86 N/cm(2)+/-0.28). In the middle transversal third, the pressure of the wide saddles (walk 0.73 N/cm(2)+/-0.06; trot 1.52 N/cm(2)+/-0.19) and very-wide saddles (walk 0.77 N/cm(2)+/-0.06; trot 1.57 N/cm(2)+/-0.19) was significantly higher compared to LOF saddles (walk 0.65 N/cm(2)+/-0.10/ 0.63 N/cm(2)+/-0.11; trot 1.33 N/cm(2)+/-0.22/1.27 N/cm(2)+/-0.20). This study demonstrates that the load under poorly fitting saddles is distributed over a smaller area than under properly fitting saddles, leading to potentially harmful pressures peaks. 相似文献
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M. Masko M. Domino K. Skierbiszewska Ł. Zdrojkowski T. Jasinski Z. Gajewski 《Equine Veterinary Education》2020,32(12):654-663
Complications in late gestation are challenging problems for the equine clinician and are causes of considerable distress to owners. Health problems in a pregnant mare in each stage of gestation can adversely affect the pregnancy. It is important to obtain a thorough history and perform a detailed and systematic examination of the pregnant mare so that the mare may be classified as normal or high-risk. However, even after a thorough examination, practitioners may face problems with the interpretation and assessment of risk. Normal mares should foal in the stable or pasture. Mares classified as having a high-risk pregnancy need to be monitored precisely for signs of oncoming foaling with attendance of trained personnel when labour begins. A valuable method for monitoring of the high-risk mare is assessing fetoplacental well-being. Fetoplacental well-being is most accurately assessed with ultrasonography as well as several available hormone profiles. We are proposing our scoring system of the mare's health, which may be useful in the assessment of risk during pregnancy and help clinicians to decide whether sending the mare to the clinic is reasonable or unnecessary. 相似文献
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Webbon P 《Equine veterinary journal》2012,44(1):8-12
The understanding and application of genetics have grown extremely quickly since it has become possible to sequence the whole genome of an organism. The human genome sequence was completed in 2001 and that of the horse in 2007. The significance of this is that it makes it more feasible to explain how both genetically simple and complex traits are transmitted from one generation to the next and, therefore, to make informed breeding decisions, modify how horses are managed and trained to minimise the risk of disease and injury, and improve methods of prevention, diagnosis and treatment of many conditions. The science of genetics/genomics will continue to grow internationally, limited only by the funds available. The application of the science to man, horses and other species raises very complex moral and commercial issues. Thoroughbred breeders are perceived by some as resistant to change, but their apparent intransigence is often based on a genuine concern for the integrity of the breed. By taking control of the application of the advances in genetics, the Thoroughbred industry potentially has the opportunity to improve both the health and performance of Thoroughbreds. If, however, the science is applied in an uncoordinated manner, driven by commercial interests with no underlying concern for the horses themselves, there is a very real risk that breeders, the Thoroughbred breed and individual horses will all suffer as a consequence. 相似文献
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为了找出支配鸡胆囊交感节后神经元的分布规律,选用体重1.5 kg～2.5 kg的成年母鸡6只,将CT-HRP溶液注入胆囊壁,动物存活3 d～4 d后,经左心室灌流固定,取内脏神经节、肾上腺神经节以及双侧胸、腰和荐段交感干神经节,制成50 μm的连续冰冻切片,TMB法呈色反应,置明视野显微镜下观片统计.结果发现,支配鸡胆囊的交感传出神经元胞体位于内脏神经节(占41.1%)、肾上腺神经节(占40.5%)和T2～T7交感干神经节(占18.4%),在交感干神经节中标记细胞的峰值位于T5、T6交感干神经节.所有的标记细胞以位于右侧的占优势. 相似文献
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犊牛腹泻与肠道菌群的变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文检测腹泻犊牛的直肠内8种主要正常菌群的变化,并与健康犊牛进行对比。结果发现,犊牛腹泻时,大肠杆菌、双岐杆菌和乳杆菌变化较大,而其它菌群变化较小。腹泻或将腹泻时,大肠杆菌数增加,双岐杆菌和乳杆菌数下降。腹泻康复或即将康复时,大肠杆菌减少,双岐杆菌、乳杆菌数增加。 相似文献
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试验选择陕北白绒山羊繁育中心羊场的成年健康母羊（怀孕前期）16只,育成母羊13只,育成公羊13只,空腹称重。测定每只羊1d的采食量,计算其摄入的营养成分含量,并与原苏联绒用山羊饲养标准比较,进行饲养水平评价。结果显示,与饲养标准比较,陕北白绒山羊繁育中心羊场的育成母羊代谢能高2．68MJ,粗蛋白低59．29g,钙低3．00g,磷低1．52g;育成公羊代谢能高3．47MJ,粗蛋白低81．92g,钙低4．42g,磷低2．62g;成年母羊代谢能高2．51MJ,粗蛋白低91．33g,钙低3．09g,磷低1．93g。结合羊的体况综合评价饲养水平基本合理,但尚需要按饲养标准增加粗蛋白、钙、磷等营养物质的供给量。 相似文献