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1.
本文针对豆威（ＣＬＡＳＳＩＣ）杀草谱，施用剂量，处理时期与其它除草剂混用及安全性问题进行了研究。结果表明：采用（１５－２０）ｇａｉ／ｈａ的剂量进行土壤处理及２０ｇａｉ／ｈａ剂量苗后茎叶处理即可达到该药剂理想防效，对禾本科株防效为７７％，阔叶草株防效达５０％，鲜重防效分别为８５％和７０％，其施用方法应视当年土壤墒情而定，土壤墒情良好可采用播后苗前土壤处理，反之建议采用苗后二片复时期茎叶处理。ＣＬＡＳＳＩＣ与拿捕净搭配应用在２０ｇａｉ／ｈａ＋２４０ｍｌａｉ／ｈａ剂量下防效显著增加。ＣＬＡＳＳＩＣ在正常用量下对大豆本身及后茬作物具有较好的安全性。 相似文献
2.
几种农药防治棉花铃期盲蝽象的药效试验 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
田间小区药效试验结果表明，按有效成份计算，每公顷以５０％甲基１６０５乳油７５０ｍｌ、２０％高汉久效磷乳油２２５－３００ｍｌ、４０％辛久乳油３００～４５０ｍｌ等剂量进行单用或者混配使用，防治棉花铃期盲蝽象的效果均在６３．３３％以上，持效期超过７ｄ，其药效和持效优于或接近４０％久效磷乳油６００ｍｌ处理；２０％灭多威单用防效较高但持效期短；含久效磷成份处理的持效期长于含辛硫磷处理；辛久乳油合剂，灭多威＋ 相似文献
3.
阔草清（Flumetsulam）防除大豆田杂草的研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
阔草清（Ｆｌｕｍｅｔｓｕｌａｍ）是美国陶氏益农公司新近研制的一种磺酰受类除草剂。经３年试验证实，该除草剂用一大豆田，进行播后苗前土壤处理，可防除多种阔叶草杂，对大豆安全。该除草剂可与乙草胺或杜耳混用，兼治禾本草与阔叶草。适宜用药量为单用８０％阔草清５６－７５ｇ／ｈａ，混用上述剂量加５０％乙草胺２．５－３Ｌｈａ，或加７２％杜耳２Ｌ／ｈａ。 相似文献
4.
多穗型小麦品种高产栽培的群体质量指标研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文通过对以钱江２号为代表的多穗型小麦高产栽培群体质量指标的研究，揭示出在长江中下游地区多穗型小麦品种取得５．２５ｔ／公顷的产量水平，其阶段叶面积系数为：年内１以上，拔节期为３以上，孕穗期为６左右，齐穗期不低于５，开花灌浆期稳定在４．５左右。且具有相应的干物质增长系数。其适宜群林结构为：基本苗１９５万／ｈａ。年内苗６７５－７５０万／ｈａ，最高苗控制在８２５－９００万／ｈａ之间，争取达到基本苗以１９ 相似文献
5.
在本试验条件下，６６７ｍ＾２用１８５ＷＰ田草光３０ｇ，４０ｇ，５０ｇ剂量，对称栽稻田防除杂草，药后１０ｄ防除株效达１００％，药后３０ｄ，４５ｄ综合防除药效达９１％＿９５％，对水稻安全性与乐草隆相近，可以在生产上推广应用。水稻移栽后７－１０ｄ为田草光的施药适期，每６６７ｍ＾２宜用４０－５０ｇ，防效性较佳且安全。 相似文献
6.
花生去子叶幼胚的丛生芽诱导和植株再生 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
授粉后２５－３０天的花生幼胚，去子叶后，在ＭＳ２（ＭＳ＋ＢＡ１．０ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＣＨ３００ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＰＶＰＰ０．３％＋椰计５０ｍｌ／Ｌ＋蔗糖４％＋琼脂０．８％）培养基中，置３００ｌｕｘ弱光和２０℃±１℃条件下，培养２１－２８天，能有效地产生丛生芽；在ＭＳ２中诱导培养后的去子叶幼胚的生长点切去，在改良无激素培养基（ＭＳ１）中培养１４天，转入ＭＳ３（ＭＳ＋ＢＡ６．０ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＮＡＡ０．４ｍｌ／Ｌ＋Ｄ－生物素０．１ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＣＨ３００ｍｇ／Ｌ＋酵母浸出物２００ｍｇ／Ｌ＋椰计５０ｍ／Ｌ＋ＰＶＰＰ０．３％＋蔗糖２．５％＋琼脂０．８％）培养基，置２５℃±１℃，３５００ｌｕｘ光照条件下培养２１－２８天，８０％的外植体分化出丛生芽，继而长成无根带叶小苗．．平均每外植体产生８．１个丛生芽，最多可达４０个．诱根后小苗移植田间８０％植株成活并开花结实。品种（系）间差异不显著。 相似文献
7.
多穗型小麦品种高产栽培的群体质量指标研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文通过对以钱江２号为代表的多穗型小麦高产栽培群体质量指标的研究．揭示出在长江中下游地区多穗型小麦品种取得５．２５ｔ／公顷的产量水平：其阶段叶面积系数为：年内１以上．拔节期为３以上．孕穗期为６左右．齐穗期不低于５．开花灌浆期稳定在４．５左右。且具有相应的干物质增长系数．其适宜群体结构为；基本苗１９５万／ｈａ．年内苗６７５—７５０万／ａ．最高苗控制在８２５一９００万／ｈａ之间．争取达到５７０—６００万／ｈａ有效穗数．穗粒数为３１—３３粒．千粒重为３０ｇ左右．最佳栽培方案为：１１月３日播种．公顷基本苗以１９５万为宜。基苗肥氮用量１５３．４５—１５９．４５ｋｇ／ｈａ．穗肥氮用量为３７．０５—３９．７５ｋｇ／ｈａ．过磷酸钙用量为３６０．６—３８６．２５ｋｇ／ｈａ．氯化钾用量为１４５．０５—１５９．３０ｋｇ／ｈａ． 相似文献
8.
以京花 １ 号、晋 ２１４８、西安 ８ 号、豫麦 ３５ 号、豫麦 １８ 号、豫麦 ２５ 号和 Ａｌｏｎｄｖａｓ ７ 个不同小麦品种的幼穗进行离体培养,培养基与培养环境共分 ４ 种组合：① Ｍ Ｓ＋ Ｋ Ｔ １ ｍ ｇ／ Ｌ＋ ２,４－ Ｄ ０．５ ｍ ｇ／ Ｌ,照光 １１ ｈ／ｄ;② Ｎ６＋ Ｋ Ｔ １ ｍ ｇ／ Ｌ＋ ２,４－ Ｄ ０．５ ｍ ｇ／ Ｌ,照光 １１ ｈ／ｄ;③ Ｍ Ｓ＋ Ｋ Ｔ ０．２ ｍ ｇ／ Ｌ＋ ２,４－ Ｄ２ ｍ ｇ／ Ｌ,照光 １１ ｈ／ｄ;④ Ｍ Ｓ＋ Ｋ Ｔ １ ｍ ｇ／ Ｌ＋ ２,４－ Ｄ ０．５ ｍ ｇ／ Ｌ,照光 ２４ ｈ／ｄ。另在 Ｍ Ｓ＋ Ｋ Ｔ １ ｍ ｇ／ Ｌ＋２,４－ Ｄ ０．５ ｍ ｇ／ Ｌ 培养基中加入青霉素,使之成为含青霉素分别为 ５、１０、２０、４０、６０ 和 ８０ 万单位／ Ｌ 的系列培养基,以不含青霉素的培养基为对照,将豫麦 ２５ 号品种的幼穗分别培养于其中,照光 ２４ ｈ／ｄ。培养１０ 周后对各培养组合的材料进行观察统计。结果表明,组合处理①使 ７ 个小麦品种幼穗中的 ６ 个通过一步培养再生出全苗;在青霉素为 １０ 万单位／ Ｌ 的培养基中,豫麦 ２５ 号的幼穗也经一步培养再分化出全苗;而处理②、③、④均不能通过一步培养再分化出全苗。因此 相似文献
9.
药剂诱导玉米孤雌生殖的研究 总被引：18，自引：3，他引：15
为加快玉米自交系的选育速度,研究了药物诱导玉米孤雌生殖的方法和效果,结果表明,不同的药物处理对诱导玉米孤雌生殖的影响很明显,８种处理的结实率为０．０６７－０．２５％,以２％ＤＭＳＯ＋４０ｍｇ／ｋｇＭＨ＋０．１％ＣＯＬ诱导效果最好。诱导时期以抽丝前果穗中注射和雌抽丝３ｄ花丝上施药最好,不同基因型孤雌生殖的诱导率不同,杂交种的孤雌生殖诱导率比自交系高粱品系与孤雌生殖后代在遗传上是稳定的。 相似文献
10.
在室内试验中，增加甲黄隆喷雾能显著减少ｔｒａｌｋｏｘｙｄｉｍ防除野燕麦的活性。该现象在 ｔｒａｌｋｏｘｙｄｉｍ低剂量（例如，１２５ｇａ．ｉ／ｈａ）和甲黄隆高剂量（８或 １２ ｇａ．ｉ／ｈａ）使用时非常明显。甲黄隆能单独显著地使野燕麦生长发育减少。而绿磺隆在剂量达到 ３３ｇａ．ｉ．／ｈａ仍不能减小野燕麦生长，只能引致 ｔｒａｌｋｏｘｙｄｉｍ的活性轻微的下降。在混合使用时，施药后６ｈ时甲黄隆能使施在叶片上的１４Ｃ－ｔｒａｌｘｏｘｙｄｉｍ的吸收减小，但是在后来的取样时间里不影响１４Ｃ－ｔｒａｌｋｏｘｙｄｉｍ的吸收和移动。在体外分析中，分析剂中的甲黄隆１０μＭ 和１００μＭ对野燕麦辅酶羧酸酶（ＡＣＣａｓｅ）的活性无影响，也不干扰ｔｒａｌｋｏｘｙｄｉｍ对ＡＣＣａｓｃ的抑制作用。另外，用甲黄隆４，８和１２ｇ／ｈａ处理野燕麦植株，喷药后２４－９６ｈ收获时，并没有降低可提取的 ＡＣＣａｓｅ的活性水平。甲黄隆对生长发育的暂时性抑制为绝大部分ｔｒａｌｋｏｘｙｄｉｍ代谢为无活性物质提供了充足的持续时间，因此减少了ｔｒａｌｋｏｘｙｄｉｍ所引致的损害。 相似文献
11.
12.
《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
13.
Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
14.
15.
Joseph E. Laferriere Charles W. Weber Edwin A. Kohlhepp 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1991,41(3):277-282
Teas of plant origin traditionally consumed by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed for mineral nutritional content. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots ofTagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, andHolodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem ofCeanothus depressus andPhaseolus ritensis. Native uses of these teas are also described. 相似文献
16.
M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
17.
Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
18.
Alejandro Carlos Tozzini María Fernanda Ceriani María Verónica Saladrigas H. Esteban Hopp 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):317-324
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets
that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and
slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging
toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta.
Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact). 相似文献
19.
Rita Favas Janaína Morone Rosrio Martins Vitor Vasconcelos Graciliana Lopes 《Marine drugs》2022,20(3)
The loss of density and elasticity, the appearance of wrinkles and hyperpigmentation are among the first noticeable signs of skin aging. Beyond UV radiation and oxidative stress, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) assume a preponderant role in the process, since their deregulation results in the degradation of most extracellular matrix components. In this survey, four cyanobacteria strains were explored for their capacity to produce secondary metabolites with biotechnological potential for use in anti-aging formulations. Leptolyngbya boryana LEGE 15486 and Cephalothrix lacustris LEGE 15493 from freshwater ecosystems, and Leptolyngbya cf. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 and Nodosilinea nodulosa LEGE 06104 from marine habitats were sequentially extracted with acetone and water, and extracts were analyzed for their toxicity in cell lines with key roles in the skin context (HaCAT, 3T3L1, and hCMEC). The non-toxic extracts were chemically characterized in terms of proteins, carotenoids, phenols, and chlorophyll a, and their anti-aging potential was explored through their ability to scavenge the physiological free radical superoxide anion radical (O2•−), to reduce the activity of the MMPs elastase and hyaluronidase, to inhibit tyrosinase and thus avoid melanin production, and to block UV-B radiation (sun protection factor, SPF). Leptolyngbya species stood out for anti-aging purposes: L. boryana LEGE 15486 presented a remarkable SPF of 19 (at 200 µg/mL), being among the best species regarding O2•− scavenging, (IC50 = 99.50 µg/mL) and also being able to inhibit tyrosinase (IC25 = 784 µg/mL), proving to be promising against UV-induced skin-aging; L. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 was more efficient in inhibiting MMPs (hyaluronidase, IC50 = 863 µg/mL; elastase, IC50 = 391 µg/mL), thus being the choice to retard dermal density loss. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the data allowed the grouping of extracts into three groups, according to their chemical composition; the correlation of carotenoids and chlorophyll a with MMPs activity (p < 0.01), O2•− scavenging with phenolic compounds (p < 0.01), and phycocyanin and allophycocyanin with SPF, pointing to these compounds in particular as responsible for UV-B blockage. This original survey explores, for the first time, the biotechnological potential of these cyanobacteria strains in the field of skin aging, demonstrating the promising, innovative, and multifactorial nature of these microorganisms. 相似文献
20.
Alejandro M. S. Mayer Abimael D. Rodríguez Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati Nobuhiro Fusetani 《Marine drugs》2013,11(7):2510-2573
The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories. 相似文献