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拟除虫菊酯农药是70年代中期发展起来的一类人工合成仿生杀虫剂。我省自1982年以来广泛应用于林木害虫防治,取得很好的效果。据1982~1986年的统计,全省使用拟除虫菊酯农药防治马尾松毛虫等害虫305.7万亩次(其中飞机治虫133.8万亩次)。飞机 相似文献
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马尾松毛虫是江苏森林的主要害虫.长期以来,在防治工作中、均采用二二三、六六六等有机氯类农药,松毛虫对该类农药的抗性越来越大,严重污染环境,常引起鱼、畜大量中毒死亡,影响人类身体健康.自1983年初我们进行新农药防治马尾松毛虫的筛选工作.通过20多种农药品种对松毛虫的室内毒力测定,筛选出了2.5%溴氰菊酯、20%杀灭菊酯、20%氯氰菊酯等拟除虫菊酯类新农药对马尾松毛虫有特高的杀伤效果,进行林间药效试验,杀虫效果在90%以上.为此,1984年4月在高淳县游山林管会进行了飞机低量喷洒药效试验,杀虫效果均达99%以上.现将试验结果整理如下:一、试验材料和方法(一)供试农药品种 2.5%溴氰菊酯(法国进口)、20%杀灭菊酯(日本进口)、20%氯氰菊酯(江苏省农药研究所)、45%马 相似文献
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马尾松毛虫是玉林市的主要森林害虫,分布广,世代多(一年四代),繁殖快,世代重叠,危害严重,防治困难。七八十年代,玉林市主要使用“六六六”、滴滴涕、敌敌畏、灭虫净等常规杀虫剂防治重灾松毛虫。这类农药使用剂量大,易杀伤天敌昆虫,有残留污染,对入、畜、动植物构成威胁,且成本高,防治效果不太理想。叨年代初,澳氰菊酯(敌杀死)、氯氰菊酯(安绿宝)等拟除虫菊酯类农药推出。这类农药具有高效、中毒、低残留等特性,使用的有效浓度和每亩剂量都很低,既经济又高效,因而迅速替代了“六六六”等常规杀虫剂。但是,由于各地频… 相似文献
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<正> 为了避免喷洒有机磷和拟除虫菊酯类农药防治马尾松毛虫给天敌、生态环境等带来的不良影响,我们于1985年4月初在河南省信阳县谭家河乡,进行了一次飞机超低容量喷洒灭幼脲,防治越冬代马尾松毛虫试验,防治面积34,000亩,效果显著,成本低廉,为今后大面积防治森林害虫探索了新途径。现将试验结果分述于下。一、试验材料与方法1.药液配制:25%灭幼脲Ⅲ号胶悬剂稀释成1∶15.5—1∶7.3倍,每亩分别喷有效成分5、 相似文献
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大面积治理森林害虫的实践与展望 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
近20年来,对害虫防治提出了害虫综合治理(IPM)、全部种群治理(TPM)、大面积种群治理(APM)和合理害虫治理(RPM)等策略,这些策略代表了害虫防治领域里各种不同的学说。实践表明,IPM未必是完美无缺、放之四海而皆准的策略;TPM还不是目前多数害虫所宜采取的策略,但很可能是未来的害虫防治策略;APM是IPM和TPM两个防治策略的折衷办法。目前我国大面积治理森林害虫的实践,在一些原则上采用了IPM的做法,而在具体防治方法上又偏重于TPM的技术,基本思路符合APM的对策,RPM是针对APM的不足而改进的策略。 相似文献
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The pine processionary moth, Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Den. & Schiff.) is one of the most destructive pine pests in the Mediterranean countries. The first objective of this study was to analyse the spatial distribution of this insect on the tree on Pinus pinaster Ait., in northeast Portugal. The second objective was to develop two sampling plans: a sampling plan with fixed levels of precision for estimating T. pityocampa populations and a sequential sampling plan to classify the pest. Population estimates were made by registering the number of insect egg batches on 90 trees distributed over 3 stands during a 3-year study (1997–2000). Taylor's power law and Iwao regression were used to analyse the spatial distribution of the pest. Taylor's power law fitted the data better (r2 = 0.775) than Iwao's regression model (r2 = 0.704). The aggregation indices (b and β) were both significantly greater than one, indicating the aggregation of T. pityocampa egg batches. Optimal sample sizes for fixed precision levels of 0.10, 0.15 and 0.25 were estimated with Taylor's regression coefficients. Required sample sizes increased dramatically with increased levels of precision. The two sampling plans presented should be a tool for research on population dynamics and pest management decision. 相似文献
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松突圆蚧危害与马尾松胸围关系的探讨 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
通过对马尾松胸围和松突圆蚧种群数量、枯梢率等的调查,结果表明:不同胸围马尾松之间的松突圆蚧种群数量不存在显著差异,不同胸围马尾松之间受松突圆蚧为害后的枯梢率存在显著差异,马尾松个体对营养和空间的竞争能力并不体现为对松突圆蚧的耐害或抵抗能力,该林分存在胸围越大的个体受松突圆蚧为害(枯梢)越重的趋势;对不同胸围马尾松之间松突圆蚧种群数量和枯梢率进行相关分析表明,马尾松胸围与松突圆蚧种群数量的相关性不显著,而与枯梢率呈极显著线性相关,其线性回归式为y=3 7821x-30 0479(y为枯梢率,x为胸围);松突圆蚧种群在树冠上、中、下层之间的分布不存在显著差异。 相似文献
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Insect pests are a major threat to many forests worldwide, from boreal to tropical forest ecosystems. Some pests exhibit periodical outbreaks, after which their populations often crash as a result of natural biological control. To offset such outbreaks, several management techniques are used, including aerial spraying of insecticides. The question remains whether pest decline following an outbreak is the result of management practices or a natural consequence of the insect's population cycle. In this study, we assessed the performance of aerial spraying of insecticides on pine woodland stands to control pine processionary moth Thaumetopoea pityocampa (PPM) outbreaks in southern Spain. To achieve this, we compared the degree to which a forest stand recovers from defoliation from one year of severe damage by PPM to the following year (infestation index) in stands that were treated (i.e. subjected to aerial spraying) and untreated using a 4-years database from the Regional Environmental Council. The results revealed a significant similar recovery from infestation after a PPM outbreak of both sprayed and non sprayed pine woodland stands, for the four most representative pine species (black, Aleppo, maritime, and stone pine). It is concluded that insecticide spraying cannot be considered a prevention for outbreaks if it is applied once the outbreak explodes. Management practices that can help control PPM outbreaks include promoting spatial heterogeneity at the landscape level, fostering biodiversity in pine plantations, and reinforcing parasitoid insect and predatory bird populations that negatively affect the PPM. This study illustrates how simple sampling designs and statistical tests can be useful decision-making tools and can help improve the environmental viability and cost-efficiency of forest management practices. 相似文献
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1992-1994年,在浙江马尾松林里进行昆虫及蜘蛛群落,松毛虫天敌和种群动态的分析。结果表明:(1)15年生马尾松针叶立体分布,确认砍枝取薪以留7轮为好,不低于留4轮;(2)马尾松林昆虫群落分属18目118科,其中直翅目,鞘翅目,同翅目,膜翅目,半翅目占优势,经测定,龙游县落结构复杂,分布均匀,群落与层次,坡向,郁闭度,灌层盖度关系密切;(3)蜘蛛群落分属19科46种,其中萧蛸科,猫蛛科和蟹蛛科 相似文献
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两种菊酯类农药对马尾松林昆虫群落的影响 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
化学农药的大量使用,会导致许多不良后果,如害虫的抗药性增加,次要害虫的爆发,对非目标生物的不良影响,农药残毒对环境的污染等等。但由于化防具有高效、快速、方便、灵活和经济等特点,如何利用生态学原理恰当应用农药,使它在害虫综合管理中发挥作用,是一个重要的研究课题。作者于1989年4月-1990年4月,对马尾松林昆虫群落(包括蜘蛛)化防前后的种类和数量变化进行了连续的抽样调查,旨在分析菊酯类农药对群落的影响程度,对如何评价菊酯类农药防治对昆虫群落的影响和指导害虫防治提供依据。 相似文献