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以黄瓜枯萎病菌(Fusarium oxysporum)、稻瘟病菌(Magnaporthe grisea)、柑橘青霉菌(Penicillium digitatum)、番茄灰霉病菌(Botrytis cinerea)、梨黑星病菌(Venturia nashicola)5种植物病原真菌为供试菌种,采用牛津杯法,研究了野葛花乙醇提取物的抑菌活性及其对植物病原真菌的抑菌效果.结果表明:野葛花的乙醇提取物对这5种植物病原真菌均有不同程度的抑制作用;随着提取物浓度的增大,其对植物病原真菌的抑菌效果逐渐增强,当达到某一值后,抑制效果又随其浓度的增加逐渐减弱.另外,黄瓜枯萎病菌(Fusarium oxysporum)、稻瘟病菌(Magnaporthe grisea)、柑橘青霉菌(Penicillium digitatum)、番茄灰霉病菌(Botrytis cinerea)、梨黑星病菌(Venturia nashicola)的最适野葛花乙醇提取物抑菌质量浓度分别为0.1250、0.2500、0.2500、0.2500、0.5000 g/mL,其中番茄灰霉病菌的最低抑菌质量浓度应大于0.0625g/mL.因此,野葛花的乙醇提取物在抑制植物真菌性病害方面具有广阔的开发利用前景,可作为新型植物源生物农药的良好剂型. 相似文献
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4种植物源复配杀菌剂对瓜类枯萎病菌的抑制效果 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用超声波辅助提取法从木香、丁香、肉桂、大黄 4 种药用植物中提取活性物质,以黄瓜枯萎病菌（Fusarium oxysporium f.?sp.?cucumerinum）和西瓜枯萎病菌（Fusarium oxysporum f.?sp.?Niveum）为供试真菌,采用生长速率法对4 种药用植物提取物及其复配剂进行离体活性测定。结果表明：木香、丁香、肉桂和大黄等4种植物提取物对黄瓜枯萎病菌和西瓜枯萎病菌的菌丝生长均具有明显的抑制作用,且随着植物提取物浓度的增加,菌丝生长抑制率明显提高。4种植物提取物按适当比例混合复配可明显降低最低抑菌浓度,增强抑菌效果,抑菌作用较强的为3∶1的木香∶肉桂复配剂、1∶2的肉桂∶丁香复配剂和2∶1的木香∶大黄复配剂。 相似文献
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以黄瓜枯萎病菌、西瓜枯萎病菌和甜瓜枯萎病菌为供试病原菌，对27种植物的乙醇提取物进行了离体抑菌活性筛选，并采用盆栽活体试验测定了狼毒大戟、藿香、肉桂、黄檗等提取物对黄瓜枯萎病菌的生物活性。离体抑菌活性测定结果表明：27种供试植物提取物对3种病原菌的菌丝生长均具有一定的抑制作用，其中狼毒大戟、白屈菜、藿香、肉桂、黄檗、龙葵等提取物对3种病原菌的抑制率均可达70%以上。盆栽活体试验结果表明：狼毒大戟提取物对黄瓜幼苗抗枯萎病菌的预防效果和治疗效果均较好，分别达70.54%和57.89%|肉桂提取物对黄瓜幼苗抗枯萎病菌的预防效果、诱导抗病效果、治疗效果均可达50%以上|藿香提取物的诱导抗病效果最高达75.60%，而预防效果和治疗效果不明显|黄檗提取物的预防效果可高达83.33%，诱导抗病效果亦达55.55%，但治疗效果不明显。 相似文献
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研究了不同浓度纳米Cu2O悬浮液对5种植物病原真菌——番茄早疫病菌、辣椒疫霉菌、西瓜枯萎病菌、黄瓜炭疽病菌和油菜菌核病菌的抑菌效果。试验结果表明,纳米Cu2O悬浮液对5种植物病原真菌有非常明显的抑制作用,抑菌效果与纳米Cu2O质量浓度呈正相关,纳米Cu2O悬浮液对辣椒疫霉菌的抑菌效果明显优于对其他4种植物病原真菌的抑菌效果;纳米Cu2O质量浓度为100 mg/kg时,对辣椒疫霉菌的抑制率高达95%以上;纳米Cu2O质量浓度为400 mg/kg时,对番茄早疫病菌、西瓜枯萎病菌、黄瓜炭疽病菌和油菜菌核病菌的抑制率均达到80%以上。 相似文献
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以瓜果腐霉（Pythium aphanidermatum）、辣椒疫霉（Phytophthora capsici）、尖镰孢菌（Fusarium oxysporium）、茄镰孢菌（Fusarium solani）、灰葡萄孢（Botrytis cinerea）、禾谷镰孢菌（Fusarium graminearum）等6种植物病原真菌为供试菌株,采用菌丝生长法对28种药用植物提取液的抑菌活性进行了测定。结果表明：丁香（Eugenia caryophyllata）对6种植物病原真菌的抑制率均达100%,乌梅（Armeniaca mume）、百部（Stemona sessilifolia）和木香（Aucklandia lappa）对5种植物病原真菌的抑制率均在70%以上。采用孢子萌发法对抑菌效果较好的5种药用植物进行进一步研究,结果表明：这5种药用植物对灰葡萄孢孢子萌发抑制率均在90%以上。 相似文献
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47种植物提取物对3种柑桔常见贮藏病害病原菌活性抑制作用研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
采用菌丝生长速率法测定了白附子等47种植物提取物对柑桔青霉菌Penicillium italicum、柑桔绿霉菌P.digitatum和柑桔酸腐病菌Oospora citri-aurantii等3种柑桔常见贮藏期病原真菌的离体抑菌活性。结果表明,以10mg/mL处理3天时,对柑桔青霉菌抑制作用较强的是川芎(又名川芎藁木)Ligusticumchuanxiong、侧柏Platycladus orientalis、苍耳Xanthium sibiricum和五加皮(又名五加)Acanthopanax gracilistylus的提取物,抑菌率均在97%以上;对柑桔绿霉菌抑制作用较强的是五加皮和侧柏的提取物,抑菌率分别为99.66%和98.33%;对柑桔酸腐病菌抑制作用较强的是独活(又名毛当归)Angelica pubescens、羌活Notopterygiumincisum和川芎的提取物,抑菌率分别为95.24%、94.38%和77.41%。其中,独活、川芎和五加皮的提取物对柑桔青霉病菌、柑桔绿霉病菌和柑桔酸腐病菌的抑菌活性显著高于其他植物的提取物,作用明显,且提取物气味芬芳。植物提取物抑菌活性的发现为植物源保鲜剂的研发奠定了基础。 相似文献
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《中国南方果树》2017,(1)
2013—2015年果实成熟采收期,先后从江西赣州18个县(市、区)115个乡镇随机采集883份脐橙果实样品进行病原菌的分离和鉴定。结果表明,发现有柑桔青霉病菌Penicillium italicum、柑桔绿霉病菌P.digitatum、柑桔扩展青霉病菌P.expansum、柑桔炭疽病菌Colletotrichum gloeosporioides、柑桔干腐病菌Fusarium moniliforme、柑桔疫霉病菌Phytophthora citrophthora、柑桔黑腐病菌Alternaria citri、柑桔黑斑病菌Phoma citricarpa等8种病原真菌,以及柑桔溃疡病菌Xanthomonas axonopodis pv.citri、柑桔黄龙病菌亚洲种Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus等2种病原细菌。其中,柑桔青霉病菌+柑桔绿霉病菌的检出率分别为40.7%,柑桔炭疽病菌的检出率为23.2%,柑桔溃疡病菌的检出率分别为7.0%,其余病原菌的检出率在0.1%~1.6%之间。赣南脐橙贮藏期,柑桔青霉病与绿霉病是重点防治对象,且要加强柑桔炭疽病的防治。 相似文献
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六种蒿属植物提取物抑菌效果的比较研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以黄花蒿、艾蒿、茵陈蒿、大籽蒿、蒙古蒿、林地蒿6种菊科蒿属植物的乙醇提取物为试材,采用滤纸片扩散法和液体悬浮培养法,研究6种植物乙醇提取物对引起植物细菌性病害的丁香假单胞菌、根癌土壤杆菌、马铃薯环腐病菌的抑菌效果的影响和最小抑菌浓度(MIC)。结果表明:6种蒿属植物的乙醇提取物均表现为对供试细菌有一定的抑菌作用,其中艾蒿、黄花蒿的抑菌作用最强。不同植物的乙醇提取物对不同细菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)则表现较大差异。 相似文献
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以兰科野生植物羊耳蒜为试材,采用常规无菌培养技术分离其根部的内生真菌,同时采用平板对峙的方法,研究了所获得的内生真菌菌株对常见植物病原真菌的抑菌活性。结果表明:从羊耳蒜的根中共分离获得43株内生真菌,经形态学鉴定分属于7个属,其中丝核菌属占优势。筛选得到4株具有较强抑菌活性的菌株,占分离菌株总数的9.3%,抑菌活性集中在油菜菌核病菌。结合分子生物学鉴定发现,这4株菌株分别为腐皮镰孢菌Fusarium solani、柱孢霉属菌株Cylindrocarponsp.、轮枝菌属菌株Lecanicilliumsp.和胶膜菌属菌株Tulasnella sp.。 相似文献
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AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β-particles emission from 188Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by 188Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [3H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of 188Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from 188 Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G0/G1 arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation. 相似文献
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AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration. 相似文献
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Zusammenfassung Die Leistungsprüfungen wurden im Zeitraum 1997 bis 2003 mit den Unterlagen Gisela 4 und 5, den Klonnummern 195/20 und 497/8 aus der Gisela-Serie sowie Weiroot 10, 13, 53, 72 und 158 durchgeführt. Dabei dienten Sämlinge von P1 (bulgarische Selektion aus Prunus mahaleb) als Kontrolle. Alle Unterlagen waren mit der Sorte Stella veredelt und im Dezember 1996 in der Versuchsanlage der Agraruniversität in Plovdiv, Bulgarien, im Abstand von 6 m×4,5 m gepflanzt worden. Dabei erfolgte ein Pflanzschnitt. Nach Abschluss der natürlichen Kronenentwicklung wurde jedes Jahr ein Winterschnitt vorgenommen. Der Boden wurde durch mechanische Bearbeitung offen gehalten und nach dem 4. Standjahr wurden die Baumstreifen mit Herbiziden behandelt. Die Wasserversorgung erfolgte durch eine dem natürlichen Gefälle folgende Überflutung, allerdings nicht immer zum optimalen Zeitpunkt, da keine eigene Wasserquelle zur Verfügung stand.Basierend auf den Ergebnissen bis zum Anfang des 7. Standjahres können die untersuchten Unterlagen in zwei Gruppen differenziert werden: starkwüchsig—Weiroot 10, P1 und Weiroot 13; mittelstarkwachsend bis schwachwüchsig—Gi 497/8, Gisela 4, Weiroot 53, Weiroot 158, Gi 195/20, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 5. Letztere zeichnete sich durch besondere Schwachwüchsigkeit aus. Die meisten Wurzelschosser bildeten Gisela 4, Weiroot 10 und Weiroot 13. Weiroot 53, Weiroot 72 und Weiroot 158 entwickelten deutlich weniger und P1, Gisela 5, Gi 195/20 sowie Gi 497/8 keine Wurzelschosser. Den frühesten Blühbeginn induzierte Gisela 4. Die anderen Unterlagen führten, in Abhängigkeit von den Temperaturbedingungen des jeweiligen Jahres, zu einer Verspätung der Blüte: P1 und Weiroot 10 um 1–2 Tage; Gi 497/8, Weiroot 13 und Weiroot 158 um 2–4 Tage; Weiroot 72 um 2–7 Tage; Gi 195/20 um 3–6 Tage; Weiroot 53 um 3–8 Tage und Gisela 5 um 3–10 Tage. Die Reifezeit der Früchte war bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 im Vergleich zu den anderen Varianten um 2–3 Tage verspätet. Gisela 5, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 4 induzierten bei der aufveredelten Sorte die höchsten Ertragsleistungen, P1 die geringsten. Bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 war die Fruchtgröße geringer als bei den anderen Unterlagen. Bäume auf Gisela 5 brauchen intensive Pflege. Nur wenn alle Produktionsfaktoren und kulturtechnischen Maßnahmen optimiert werden, kann das hohe Ertragspotenzial dieser Unterlage ausgeschöpft werden. 相似文献
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《International Journal of Fruit Science》2013,13(3):101-120
Abstract Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared. 相似文献
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多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。 相似文献
16.
HU Zhi-cheng ZHU Jia-yuan ZHU Bin GUO Dong CHEN Bin ZHANG Kai HU Kun-hua LI Ming-tao TANG Bing 《园艺学报》2011,27(9):1802-1806
AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars. 相似文献
17.
The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species. 相似文献
18.
AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [3-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10-6-10-4 mmol/L) stimulated [3-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [3-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10-6-10-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl2 for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation. 相似文献
19.
Duncan Brean W. Boyle Shannon Breininger David R. Schmalzer Paul A. 《Landscape Ecology》1999,14(3):291-309
Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere. 相似文献
20.
AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis. 相似文献