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1.
大豆过氧化物酶(Soybean peroxidase,SBP)是一类主要催化过氧化氢的氧化还原酶,具有耐热性高和 pH 适用范围宽等优点.利用已构建好的重组表达载体pPICZα-A-sbp,通过氯化锂化学转化法将重组质粒转化进入毕赤酵母GS115中,并在甲醇诱导下进行表达.利用SDS-PAGE法和愈创木酚法测定了重组菌株的SBP表达活性.结果显示,重组毕赤酵母表达了分子量约为40 KD的SBP蛋白,同时发酵24 h后SBP表达活性开始迅速增高,发酵72 h SBP表达活性达到最大,并筛选出表达活性高的菌株. 相似文献
2.
以具有不同SMV抗性的2个野生大豆和2个栽培大豆为材料,分析其感染大豆花叶病毒株系SMV-N3后苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性的动态变化,比较了野生大豆与栽培大豆抗病机制的差异.结果表明:抗病品种感染病毒后,叶片中各酶活性比对照高,感病品种比对照低;野生大豆酶活性变化比较缓... 相似文献
3.
大豆抗感病毒病品种过氧化物酶同工酶的初步比较研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用垂直板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电脉研究了10个抗、感病毒病(SMV)大豆品种和5个品种各自健株与病株过氧化物酶同工酶的变化。结果表明,感病品种比抗病品种的过氧化物酶同工酶活性明显加强,且增加一条酶带。同一品种病株也比健株过氧化物酶同工酶活性强。可见,大豆抗、感病毒病不同的品种与过氧化物酶同工酶有密切关系。 相似文献
4.
为明确大豆食心虫在未滞育-滞育-滞育解除过程的代谢变化,准确测报大豆食心虫的发生时期,掌握防治时机,进而达到减少使用农药的目的,本试验研究了经4,13,18,23,25℃及室外自然温度不同温度处理后的大豆食心虫Leguminirora glycinioorella滞育前及进入滞育后,不同阶段其体内抗冻、滞育主要代谢酶-海藻糖酶、山梨醇脱氢酶、丙酮酸激酶、过氧化物酶活力的变化。结果表明:自然状态下进入滞育的大豆食心虫体内上述4种代谢酶的活力与未滞育时这4种代谢酶的活力均差异显著,海藻糖酶、山梨醇脱氢酶、丙酮酸激酶活力分别下降0.99,2.85和7.86U·mg~(-1),过氧化物酶活力升高1.58 U·mg~(-1);与室外自然条件相比,4℃诱导大豆食心虫进入滞育初期,其体内海藻糖酶和丙酮酸激酶活力显著降低,过氧化物酶活力显著升高,而山梨醇脱氢酶活力在各诱导温度下保持平稳;不同滞育诱导温度处理大豆食心虫进入滞育后,在滞育初期(11月)、滞育中期(2月)、滞育解除(6月)代谢酶活力变化明显,其中23℃诱导的处理组在这3个滞育阶段的海藻糖酶、山梨醇脱氢酶、丙酮酸激酶活力均达到峰值,2月是大豆食心虫由滞育向滞育解除转折的关键期。研究结果可以为今后大豆食心虫的发生测报提供依据。 相似文献
5.
本文采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法,分析了黄河三角洲野生大豆与栽培大豆的过氧化物酶(POD)和酯酶(EST)同工酶谱。结果表明,二者过氧化物同工酶谱在数目、分布上存在比较明显的差异,酯酶同工酶也存在区别,过氧化物酶同工酶谱可以作为野生大豆和栽培大豆进化和类型鉴定的参考依据。POD相似系数为0.667,EST相似系数为0.714,说明二者亲缘关系较近。 相似文献
6.
寡聚糖对大豆防御酶活性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用寡聚糖处理大豆叶片,并在诱导后接种大豆花叶病毒(SMV),用比色法测定3种防御酶活性。结果表明,寡聚糖2号、6号和7号诱导后或诱导后接种大豆花叶病毒(SMV),均使大豆叶片过氧化物酶(POD)和多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性提高,其中寡聚糖7号提高幅度大于2号和6号。 相似文献
7.
蚜虫侵害对不同基因型大豆酶活性及次生代谢物含量的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
对大豆抗蚜品系P746和感蚜品系交大02-89蚜虫侵害后的过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化物酶(PPO)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)3种酶活性及相关次生代谢物质含量变化与抗蚜性进行相关性分析.结果表明:蚜虫侵害后不同品系之间POD、PPO活性均有升高,与蚜虫的诱导存在相关性,但与抗性基因型不存在显著关联.PAL活性蚜虫侵害前抗虫的P746具有高水平表达,并与感蚜品系存在显著差异;蚜虫侵害诱导后PAL酶活性均有上升,抗蚜品系表现稳定,表明PAL酶活性与大豆的抗蚜性存在明显的相关性.HPLC分析表明蚜虫侵害前后大豆叶片组织内氨基酸、黄酮类物质、生物碱类、酚类等次生代谢产物的含量都发生了明显变化,并且在不同蚜虫侵害时间和抗性基因型之间存在明显差异,表明这类物质与大豆抗蚜性有很大关联. 相似文献
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氮素对不同来源大豆品种叶片保护酶的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用12个不同来源的大豆品种为试材,并按来源分成3组,分别为俄亥俄当代品种、辽宁当代品种和辽宁老品种,采用苗期追施尿素(0,100,200 kg·hm-2)处理,研究了氮素对大豆叶片保护酶的影响.结果表明:当尿素施用量为100 kg·hm-2时,开花期俄亥俄当代品种与辽宁老品种叶片超氧化物歧化酶活性提高,辽宁当代品种与辽宁老品种结荚期叶片超氧化物歧化酶活性提高.随着施氮量的增加,辽宁当代品种开花期叶片超氧化物歧化酶活性有增加趋势;俄亥俄当代品种结英期叶片超氧化物歧化酶活性也逐渐增强;不同大豆品种开花期叶片过氧化物酶与过氧化氢酶活性不断增加;和不施肥相比,100 kg·hm-2尿素施用处理使3组不同来源大豆品种鼓粒期叶片过氧化氢酶的活性得到提高.在生产上,采用100 kg·hm-2尿素追肥处理,可以提高大豆叶片保护酶活性,进而提高大豆的抗逆能力. 相似文献
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Joseph E. Laferriere Charles W. Weber Edwin A. Kohlhepp 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1991,41(3):277-282
Teas of plant origin traditionally consumed by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed for mineral nutritional content. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots ofTagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, andHolodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem ofCeanothus depressus andPhaseolus ritensis. Native uses of these teas are also described. 相似文献
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13.
Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
14.
《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
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Tatiana G. Polotow Sandra C. Poppe Cristina V. Vardaris Douglas Ganini Maísa Guariroba Rita Mattei Elaine Hatanaka Maria F. Martins Eduardo F. Bondan Marcelo P. Barros 《Marine drugs》2015,13(10):6117-6137
Health authorities worldwide have consistently recommended the regular consumption of marine fishes and seafood to preserve memory, sustain cognitive functions, and prevent neurodegenerative processes in humans. Shrimp, crabs, lobster, and salmon are of particular interest in the human diet due to their substantial provision of omega-3 fatty acids (n-3/PUFAs) and the antioxidant carotenoid astaxanthin (ASTA). However, the optimal ratio between these nutraceuticals in natural sources is apparently the key factor for maximum protection against most neuro-motor disorders. Therefore, we aimed here to investigate the effects of a long-term supplementation with (n-3)/PUFAs-rich fish oil, ASTA-rich algal biomass, the combination of them, or krill oil (a natural combination of both nutrients) on baseline redox balance and neuro-inflammation indexes in cerebellum and motor cortex of Wistar rats. Significant changes in redox metabolism were only observed upon ASTA supplementation, which reinforce its antioxidant properties with a putative mitochondrial-centered action in rat brain. Krill oil imposed mild astrocyte activation in motor cortex of Wistar rats, although no redox or inflammatory index was concomitantly altered. In summary, there is no experimental evidence that krill oil, fish oil, oralgal biomass (minor variation), drastically change the baseline oxidative conditions or the neuro-inflammatory scenario in neuromotor-associated rat brain regions. 相似文献
17.
Youna Hemery Ulla Holopainen Anna-Maija Lampi Pekka Lehtinen Tanja Nurmi Vieno Piironen Minnamari Edelmann Xavier Rouau 《Journal of Cereal Science》2011
Wheat bran is a composite material made of several layers, such as pericarp, testa and aleurone. It could be fractionated into purified fractions, which might either be used as food ingredients, or serve as a starting material for extraction of bioactive compounds. The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential of using electrostatic separation as a way to obtain purified fractions from wheat bran. Ultrafine-ground bran obtained either by cryogenic grinding or by grinding at ambient temperature was used as starting material. The ultrafine bran was then charged by tribo-electrification and introduced in a chamber containing two high voltage electrodes, where bran particles were separated depending on their acquired charge, allowing positively and negatively charged fractions to be collected separately. The particle size distribution, microstructure and biochemical composition of the obtained fractions were studied. The charge of the particles was influenced by their biochemical composition: particles rich in highly branched and cross-linked arabinoxylans (pericarp) were separated from particles rich in β-glucan, ferulic acid and para-coumaric acid (aleurone cell walls). The testa and the intracellular compounds from aleurone were not highly charged, neither positively nor negatively. The most positively charged fraction represented 34% of the initial bran, and contained 62% of the ferulic acid present in the initial bran. The yield of the separation process was good (5.4% loss), and could be further increased. 相似文献
18.
M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
19.
Alexander N. Shikov Elena V. Flisyuk Ekaterina D. Obluchinskaya Olga N. Pozharitskaya 《Marine drugs》2020,18(11)
Marine organisms represent an excellent source of innovative compounds that have the potential for the development of new drugs. The pharmacokinetics of marine drugs has attracted increasing interest in recent decades due to its effective and potential contribution to the selection of rational dosage recommendations and the optimal use of the therapeutic arsenal. In general, pharmacokinetics studies how drugs change after administration via the processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). This review provides a summary of the pharmacokinetics studies of marine-derived active compounds, with a particular focus on their ADME. The pharmacokinetics of compounds derived from algae, crustaceans, sea cucumber, fungus, sea urchins, sponges, mollusks, tunicate, and bryozoan is discussed, and the pharmacokinetics data in human experiments are analyzed. In-depth characterization using pharmacokinetics is useful for obtaining information for understanding the molecular basis of pharmacological activity, for correct doses and treatment schemes selection, and for more effective drug application. Thus, an increase in pharmacokinetic research on marine-derived compounds is expected in the near future. 相似文献
20.
Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献