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我国竹类害虫区系的研究,近年渐引人注意。徐天森数次编写竹子害虫名录(1975,1979,1984),文定元等(1984)编写了广西竹虫名录,其中包括了属于半翅目的种类。萧采瑜等(1979,1981)及郑乐怡等(1982)曾记载以竹为寄主的蝽类昆虫。据笔者所知,在竹上生活的半翅目昆虫,食性均较专 相似文献
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改制前的毛竹林,每两年有一年无笋或少有笋、有几个月林内立竹上无叶,竹子上的害虫种类简单,危害不重,有些害虫少发生或不能发生;能发生或危害重的竹子害虫,在生活过程中,习性多少都发生一些变化,如竹织叶野螟有迁飞习性,毛笋泉蝇、毛竹黑叶蜂部分蛹有滞育习性,赭翅双叉端环野螟有同时以小幼虫和老熟幼虫越冬习性,以适应无笋、少叶的营养环境。改制后的毛竹林地被物挖锄,天敌资源锐减,竹林中年年有笋,立竹上终年披叶,使竹子害虫食物条件改善,竹子害虫种类逐年增加,害虫迁飞、滞育习性的比例逐年减少,危害逐年加重。 相似文献
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正竹篦舟蛾与刚竹毒蛾是竹林主要的食叶害虫。它们经常把竹子的叶片吃光,影响竹子生长。竹篦舟蛾竹篦舟蛾是竹林常见的一种害虫。它主要危害毛竹、刚竹、水竹、青皮竹、撑篙竹等20多种竹子。幼虫一生可取食竹叶340~450平方厘米,大龄幼虫取食叶量约占一生总食量的80%。竹篦舟蛾虫幼小时的危害难以发现,一经发现已是虫口密度很高时,一个星期之内可以把整片竹林吃光,可谓防不胜防。竹林严重被害后,重者竹株枯死,轻者下年新竹数量减少,眉径降低。 相似文献
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竹林害虫综合防治中营林技术作用探讨 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在竹林害虫综合防治中,营林措施有着重要的作用。研究结果表明,通过劈山、松土、垦复、施肥和清理病虫次竹等营林措施,使遭受目标害虫严重为害的残败竹林恢复长势,挽回损失;增强了竹林对害虫的忍受和自控能力;改善了竹林生态环境,破坏了害虫的越冬场所,压低了翌年虫口发生基数;清除了某些害虫的产卵场所和中间寄主,直接压低了虫口。 相似文献
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人工智能技术及其应用已成为林草业重点建设领域的重要支撑和业务创新增长点。在四川省竹产业大发展背景下,邛崃市将基于人工智能技术开发的竹类主要害虫识别系统应用于竹产业基地森防场景,实现了对竹产业基地的害虫智能识别,并衍生出害虫发生情况统计分析、管护员巡护管理等智慧化管理手段,促进了当地竹产业基地的精细化管理,探索了竹产业现代化的新途径,为竹产业建设迈入智慧化目标提供了支撑。文中介绍了该系统采用的人工智能技术及相关功能的实际应用,并对相关成果在森防领域开展更广泛的后续应用进行了展望。 相似文献
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我国森林昆虫生态学研究进展 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
森林昆虫生态学是森林害虫综合管理的理论基础。近年来该领域的研究越来越受到人们的重视,并取得了大量的研究成果,丰富了森林昆虫生态学的内容。该文从森林昆虫种群动态与环境、空间分布型及抽样技术、生命表、预测预报、害虫优化管理决策和防治决策专家系统6个方面阐述了我国森林昆虫生态学的研究进展情况。 相似文献
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生态背景下基于人工智能深度学习的竹类害虫识别方法研究 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
针对生态背景下的竹类害虫识别,作者研究了一种基于人工智能深度学习的识别方法。构建了具有5 663张图片的虫类数据集,其中包含3种竹类害虫和3种其他虫类,利用深度学习模型GoogLeNet特有的Inception模块构成的网中网结构,使其获得更多的图片特征,并开展了4组不同训练集与测试集比例的实验。结果表明:模型的精确度随训练集比重的增大而增大,当训练集和测试集的比例为9∶1时表现最好,F1值达到了95.48%,模型精确度为97.5%,体现了识别模型具有较好的综合性能和较高的实用性。该方法能较好地实现3种竹类害虫在生态背景下的智能识别,是针对竹类生产经营中的虫害防治问题的一种智能化解决方案,为竹产业精细化管理及高效生产经营提供有效的科技支撑。 相似文献
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基夜蛾是黄甜竹林间最重要的害虫,为害率高达90%,且为害严重,退笋率也高达60%~70%。本文在总结前人研究的基础上,初步探讨了出笋时间、退笋时间、出笋率与退笋率的规律性。同时还描述了为害症状、为害规律、蛀食习性,提出一些防治措施与建议,以便指导生产实践。 相似文献
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Insect pest problems in tropical agroforestry systems: Contributory factors and strategies for management 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Agroforestry trees are attacked by a wide spectrum of insects at all stages of their growth just like other annual and perennial crops. Pest management in agroforestry has not received much attention so far, but recent emphasis on producing high value tree products in agroforestry and using improved germplasm in traditional systems, and emergence of serious pest problems in some promising agroforestry systems have increased awareness on risks posed by pests. Insects may attack one or more species within a system and across systems in the landscape, so pest management strategies should depend on the nature of the insect and magnitude of its damage. Although greater plant diversity in agroforestry is expected to increase beneficial arthropods, diversity by itself may not reduce pests. Introduction of tree germplasm from a narrow genetic base and intensive use of trees may lead to pest outbreaks. In simultaneous agroforestry systems, a number of factors governing tree—crop—environment interactions, such as diversity of plant species, host range of the pests, microclimate, spatial arrangement and tree management modify pest infestations by affecting populations of both herbivores and natural enemies. Trees also affect pest infestations by acting as barriers to movement of insects, masking the odours emitted by other components of the system and sheltering herbivores and natural enemies. In sequential agroforestry systems, it is mostly the soil-borne and diapausing insects that cause and perpetuate damage to the common hosts in tree—crop rotations over seasons or years. An integrated approach combining host-plant resistance to pests, exploiting alternative tree species, measures that prevent pest build up but favour natural enemies and biological control is suggested for managing pests in agroforestry. Species substitution to avoid pests is feasible only if trees are grown for ecological services such as soil conservation and low value products such as fuelwood, but not for trees yielding specific and high value products. For exploiting biological control as a potent, low cost and environmentally safe tool for pest management in agroforestry, research should focus on understanding the influence of ecological and management factors on the dynamics of insect pest-natural enemy populations. Scientists and policy makers in national and international institutions, and donors are urged to pay more attention to pest problems in agroforestry to harness the potential benefits of agroforestry.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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福建省竹林害虫害螨调查研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
对福建省竹林害虫、害螨进行了系统调查和研究,整理报道了福建省竹林害虫97种,其中笋期害虫15种;叶部害虫53种、害螨5种;竹杆害虫17种;根茎害虫7种。报道了福建竹林害虫优势种,分析了暴发成灾原因。 相似文献