共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 78 毫秒
1.
为明确宁夏春小麦种质资源Waxy基因的分布情况,利用 Wx-A1、 Wx-B1和 Wx-D1位点的6个STS标记(PA1、PA2、PB1、PB2、PD1、PD2),对299个宁夏春小麦种质资源进行等位变异检测。结果表明,供试小麦种质的Waxy基因组成以野生型(Wx-A1a/ Wx-B1a/ Wx-D1a)为主,占参试材料总数的88.3%。在 Wx-A1、 Wx-B1和 Wx-D1基因位点上,发现 Wx-A1b、 Wx-B1b和 Wx-D1b突变型材料分别有2、32和2个,分别占材料总数的0.7%、10.7%和0.7%;其中,有1个材料为 Wx-A1b/ Wx-B1b突变型,占材料总数的0.3%。宁夏春小麦种质资源中 Wx-B1基因缺失类型的分布频率相对较高,在新品种和高代品系中该类型逐步增加。该研究有助于了解宁夏优质面粉小麦品种的生产现状,为该区和我国其他相关春麦区优质面条小麦的选育奠定基础。 相似文献
2.
糯小麦(Waxy wheat)因有高于普通小麦的支链淀粉含量,在食品和工业方面有很大的应用价值和潜力,自发现后就成为各国小麦研究的重点之一.通过多年的努力,人们在糯小麦的遗传机理、育种理论和方法、品质性状及利用等方面的研究都取得了很大的进展,并在1995首次育成了全糯性小麦.糯小麦根据其糯蛋白缺失情况可分为8种类型.控制3个Waxy位点的Wx-A1,Wx-B1和Wx-D1基因分别位于染色体的7AS、4AL和7DS上.3个基因的核苷酸序列长度分别是2 781、2 794、2 862 bp,基因的完全编码区含有11个外显子和10个内含子,在核苷酸序列上三个糯基因彼此之间有惊人的同源性.研究表明,直链淀粉含量和淀粉糊化特性受Wx-B1的影响最大,其次是Wx-D1,Wx-A1蛋白的影响最小.糯小麦的鉴定主要在细胞水平、蛋白质水平、分子水平上进行,I2-KI染色法和SDS-PAGE法是较常见的鉴定小麦糯性的方法.糯小麦野生型与突变型基因组成差异的发现使得分子标记技术在糯小麦的选育中得到了极大的发展和利用. 相似文献
3.
小麦Wx-A1和Wx-D1位点的PCR分子标记 总被引：21，自引：5，他引：16
为了获得筛选低直链淀粉含量的分子标记,根据已知小麦Waxy基因序列设计PCR引物,通过在基因水平和蛋白质水平进行分离群体验证,建立分别专一检测Wx-A1位点和Wx-D1位点的PCR标记MAG264和MAG269。在分离群体中,MAG264标记能清楚地区分Wx-A1位点的三种不同基因型,呈共显性遗传。MAG269标记引物在野生型中扩增片段为1 400 bp,在突变型(Wx-D1bWx-D1b)中的扩增片段为800bp。但在分离群体中没有出现杂合体带型,从而使本应该表现为共显性的标记表现为显性遗传。MAG264和MAG269引物对DNA的扩增稳定性、重复性好。这些结果表明,本研究获得的Waxy基因分子标记可以用于小麦Waxy基因缺失类型的鉴定和糯质专用小麦的分子标记辅助选育。 相似文献
4.
糯小麦Wx基因的遗传特性 总被引：6，自引：3，他引：6
为了明确糯小麦杂交后代肌基因的分配规律及糯性籽粒出现的频率，以同时缺失Wx-A1、Wx-B1和Wx-D1基因的H9908、EH为纯糯亲本，普通小麦扬麦158、苏麦6号、济南17和豫麦50为非糯亲本，配制了16个(8对正反交)杂交组合，采用0．2％ I2 2％KI碘液对杂种F1单株籽粒剖面染色，鉴定了糯性籽粒的分离特点。结果表明，在16个组合间糯性籽粒出现的频率为1．20％～1．61％，非糯与全糯的比例符合63：1的理论比例；独立性测验表明，糯性籽粒在8对正反交组合问出现的比例差异不显著，全糯质与非糯质基因紧密连锁。文中还对糯小麦品种的选育作了讨论。 相似文献
5.
多重PCR检测抗草甘膦大豆GTS40-3-2 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
将大豆内源参照基因(Lectin)、外源基因P-CaMV 35S、CP4-EPSPS和T-NOS作为多重PCR检测参数,建立了一种多重PCR检测抗草甘膦大豆GTS40-3-2的方法.反应条件优化结果表明:多重PCR的适宜退火温度为58℃,适宜引物终浓度(μmol· L-)配比为:0.1∶0.2∶0.2∶0.2.采用已知样品对多重PCR体系进行验证,检测结果可靠,证明该多重PCR体系为一种有效的抗草甘膦大豆GTS40-3-2的检测方法. 相似文献
6.
7.
为了解Wx基因对小麦光合作用的影响,对8个小麦Wx近等基因系的不同叶位叶片光合参数进行了测定和分析。结果表明,小麦叶片净光合速率、气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度和蒸腾速率在叶位和基因型间均有极显著差异,缺失单个Wx基因使叶片光合参数下降,且降幅表现为Wx-D1Wx-A1Wx-B1;胞间CO2浓度不影响光合作用,不同叶位叶片光合参数明显呈旗叶倒二叶倒三叶,但WxABD(糯小麦)光合参数在叶位间没有显著差异;Wild type和WxABD总体光合能力和产量相对较高。以上结果说明,Wx基因的缺失会引起叶片光合能力下降,不利于小麦产量形成。 相似文献
8.
为了解小麦品种(系)Wx亚基的缺失类型,为品质育种提供依据,利用SDS-PAGE和STS分子标记技术对99份国内外小麦品种(系)Wx-A1和Wx-B1亚基的缺失型进行检测.结果表明,供试小麦品种(系)中Wx-B1亚基缺失的有19份,未检测出Wx-A1亚基缺失材料.STS标记结果中,Wx-7A位点的显性标记引物在野生型中扩增出一条1 172 bp的特异带,即Wx-A1a基因出现;Wx-7A位点的共显性标记引物在野生型中扩增出一条593 bp的特异带,在缺失类型中扩增出一条574 bp的特异带.Wx-4A位点的显性标记引物在野生型中扩增出一条425 bp的特异带,即Wx-B1a亚基出现,而在缺失该亚基的突变材料中没有扩增出该特异带. 相似文献
9.
为了明确硬粒小麦缺失不同Wx蛋白对直链淀粉含量的效应和Wx-B1 缺失型(缺失4A蜡质蛋白)的淀粉特性,利用SDS-PAGE电泳分析技术对1个硬粒小麦F2分离群体(来源于以硬粒小麦品系B413Wx-B1缺失型为母本、PI435045Wx-A1缺失型为父本的杂交组合)的102个单籽粒进行了Wx蛋白的筛选,并测定了其中72个单籽粒(其中Wx-B1 缺失型21粒,Wx-A1 缺失型10粒,正常型41粒)的直链淀粉含量;同时测定了11个Wx-B1 缺失型和7个正常型硬粒小麦品系面粉的直链淀粉含量、膨胀势和RVA黏度.结果表明,硬粒小麦2对Wx基因的分离符合9∶3∶3∶1的分离模式,Wx-B1 缺失型籽粒的直链淀粉含量比正常型低4.78%.Wx-B1 缺失型的面粉直链淀粉含量比正常型低5.76%,RVA高峰黏度和膨胀势比正常型分别高116.02 RVU和3.69 g/g.相关分析表明,直链淀粉含量与RVA高峰黏度和膨胀势均呈极显著负相关. 相似文献
10.
为了筛选出更多用于培育优质面条小麦的Wx基因缺失材料,用分子标记技术对260份中国核心小麦种质资源进行了分析,并用SDS-PAGE进行了验证.筛选出缺失Wx-A1蛋白亚基的品种2份,缺失Wx-B1蛋白亚基的品种14份,得到1份不同于"白火麦"的Wx-D1蛋白亚基缺失的地方品种"秃芒麦".对它们的地区分布分析发现,长江以北各麦区的小麦品种Wx基因缺失多于长江以南各麦区,且分布更为集中.对收集的20对Wx基因的分子标记引物进行了筛选,并对PCR扩增条件和产物分析条件进行优化,得到了3对可以在相同条件下对Wx基因进行筛选的引物,且能用同一电泳条件对产物进行分析,提高了分析效率. 相似文献
11.
Joseph E. Laferriere Charles W. Weber Edwin A. Kohlhepp 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1991,41(3):277-282
Teas of plant origin traditionally consumed by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed for mineral nutritional content. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots ofTagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, andHolodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem ofCeanothus depressus andPhaseolus ritensis. Native uses of these teas are also described. 相似文献
12.
13.
Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
14.
《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
15.
16.
Tatiana G. Polotow Sandra C. Poppe Cristina V. Vardaris Douglas Ganini Maísa Guariroba Rita Mattei Elaine Hatanaka Maria F. Martins Eduardo F. Bondan Marcelo P. Barros 《Marine drugs》2015,13(10):6117-6137
Health authorities worldwide have consistently recommended the regular consumption of marine fishes and seafood to preserve memory, sustain cognitive functions, and prevent neurodegenerative processes in humans. Shrimp, crabs, lobster, and salmon are of particular interest in the human diet due to their substantial provision of omega-3 fatty acids (n-3/PUFAs) and the antioxidant carotenoid astaxanthin (ASTA). However, the optimal ratio between these nutraceuticals in natural sources is apparently the key factor for maximum protection against most neuro-motor disorders. Therefore, we aimed here to investigate the effects of a long-term supplementation with (n-3)/PUFAs-rich fish oil, ASTA-rich algal biomass, the combination of them, or krill oil (a natural combination of both nutrients) on baseline redox balance and neuro-inflammation indexes in cerebellum and motor cortex of Wistar rats. Significant changes in redox metabolism were only observed upon ASTA supplementation, which reinforce its antioxidant properties with a putative mitochondrial-centered action in rat brain. Krill oil imposed mild astrocyte activation in motor cortex of Wistar rats, although no redox or inflammatory index was concomitantly altered. In summary, there is no experimental evidence that krill oil, fish oil, oralgal biomass (minor variation), drastically change the baseline oxidative conditions or the neuro-inflammatory scenario in neuromotor-associated rat brain regions. 相似文献
17.
Youna Hemery Ulla Holopainen Anna-Maija Lampi Pekka Lehtinen Tanja Nurmi Vieno Piironen Minnamari Edelmann Xavier Rouau 《Journal of Cereal Science》2011
Wheat bran is a composite material made of several layers, such as pericarp, testa and aleurone. It could be fractionated into purified fractions, which might either be used as food ingredients, or serve as a starting material for extraction of bioactive compounds. The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential of using electrostatic separation as a way to obtain purified fractions from wheat bran. Ultrafine-ground bran obtained either by cryogenic grinding or by grinding at ambient temperature was used as starting material. The ultrafine bran was then charged by tribo-electrification and introduced in a chamber containing two high voltage electrodes, where bran particles were separated depending on their acquired charge, allowing positively and negatively charged fractions to be collected separately. The particle size distribution, microstructure and biochemical composition of the obtained fractions were studied. The charge of the particles was influenced by their biochemical composition: particles rich in highly branched and cross-linked arabinoxylans (pericarp) were separated from particles rich in β-glucan, ferulic acid and para-coumaric acid (aleurone cell walls). The testa and the intracellular compounds from aleurone were not highly charged, neither positively nor negatively. The most positively charged fraction represented 34% of the initial bran, and contained 62% of the ferulic acid present in the initial bran. The yield of the separation process was good (5.4% loss), and could be further increased. 相似文献
18.
M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
19.
Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
20.
Tovar LR Olivos M Gutierrez ME 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2008,63(4):189-194
Pulque is made by fermenting the agave sap or aguamiel of Agave atrovirens with a whole array of microorganisms present in the environment including several lactic acid bacteria and yeasts such as
Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Ascorbic acid was determined in pulque and aguamiel, respectively. Phytase activity in lees, liquid and freeze-dried pulque was assayed by measuring the appearance of phosphate from phytate by a colorimetric method likewise phosphate from phytate
present in fresh corn tortilla was measured after in vitro incubation with pulque. Iron, zinc, calcium, magnesium and selenium contents were measured in pulque and corn tortilla as well as in nixtamalized corn flour (NCF), the latter is used to make instant tortilla, since corn provides
most of the energy as well as most of the phytate in the Mexican rural diet. Pulque showed phytase activity but much less ascorbic acid and iron than previously reported; additionally, phytase in pulque hydrolyzed most of phytate’s corn tortilla. Lees, which is mostly made of pulque’s microbiota, significantly accumulated iron and zinc but no selenium. NCF was fortified with iron by the manufacturers but
poorly blended. There were significant differences on selenium content between tortillas samples, apparently some soils in
central Mexico are selenium deficient. Moderate pulque intake appears to increase the bioavailability of iron and zinc bound by phytate in corn. 相似文献