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采取野外考察、标本采集、分类鉴定和资料考证等方法,对大王岭风景区药用维管植物资源进行了初步调查。结果表明:大王岭风景区现有药用维管植物共123科338种(含变种),其中蕨类药用植物24科37种,被子植物99科301种(其中双子叶药用植物有83科251种,单子叶药用植物有16科50种)。其中有何首乌、天冬等9种贵细药用植物,有桫椤等4种珍稀濒危药用植物。整理出大王岭野生药用维管植物名录。并对大王岭风景区药用维管植物资源的保护及开发利用进行了探讨。 相似文献
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《绿色科技》2017,(6)
根据野外调查,对北部湾海岸带外来入侵植物的种类组成、原产地、生活型、危害现状等进行了分析。结果表明:北部湾海岸带现有外来入侵植物36种,隶属于14科31属,其中菊科植物13种,禾本科5种,含羞草科和旋花科各3种,分别占总种数的36.1%、13.9%和8.3%。就危害程度而言,已造成严重危害的种数达9种,中等危害和轻度危害分别16种和11种。从原产地分析来看,源自美洲的入侵植物多(33种),占总种数的91.7%,其次为源自亚洲(印度)、地中海和欧洲的植物(各1种)。这些外来入侵植物中,草本植物种类最为丰富(27种,占种总数的75%),其次为灌木(5种,占种总数的13.9%)和藤本(3种,占种总数的8.3%),乔木最少(1种,占种总数的2.8%)。并提出了外来入侵植物的防控对策。 相似文献
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湖北省外来入侵植物研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过实地调查和查阅文献,研究了湖北省外来入侵植物的种类、原产地、生活型等。结果表明:当前湖北省共有外来入侵植物114种,隶属于28科,其中,在外来入侵植物中,菊科最多(34种),占总数的29.8%;豆科次之(14种);禾本科排第3位(11种)。从入侵湖北省的外来入侵植物总体构成来看,以来自美洲的外来植物种类最多(66种),占57.9%,其次为欧洲(29种),占25.4%,亚洲和非洲较少。笔者还对湖北省外来植物的入侵现状进行了讨论。 相似文献
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《福建林业科技》2015,(1)
为防控外来植物的扩散入侵,于2012年4月—2013年4月共5次全面调查了舟山岛及其附近岛屿的植物种类组成和外来植物分布状况,同时辅以典型抽样法,并结合历史资料,归纳整理了舟山岛不同历史时期的外来植物名录,共计48科106属145种;在此基础上对外来植物进行了风险评估并探讨了部分重要物种的入侵性。其中加拿大一枝黄花(Solidago canadensis Linn.)、喜旱莲子草(Alternanthera philoxeroides(Mart.)Griseb.)对舟山岛入侵危害最大,应为今后防治的重点;藿香蓟(Ageratum conyzoides Sieber ex Steud.)、豚草(Ambrosia artemisiifolia Linn.)等著名外来恶性杂草近20 a来并没有明显的扩散,危害等级为中等;新记录外来植物野莴苣(Lactuca serriola Linn.)的扩散、危害风险值得关注和警惕;水生生境外来植物中,凤眼蓝(Eichhornia crassipes(Mart.)Solms)风险等级低,而互花米草(Spartina alterniflora Hubb.)、大米草(S.anglica Lois.)风险等级高,应加强监控;栽培植物西欧蝇子草(Silene gallica Linn.)首现逸为野生,生长扩散需要跟踪监控。 相似文献
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《山东林业科技》2017,(6)
为了解帽儿山国家森林公园外来入侵植物的状况,对外来入侵植物进行了调查。结果表明,帽儿山国家森林公园共有外来入侵植物33种,占黑龙江和东北入侵植物的50.77%和38.37%,隶属于l7科27属。其中大多数入侵植物是一二年生草本植物,并主要是种子和无性繁殖。从其原产地来看,入侵植物来自美洲的最多,有15种。从危害程度来看,恶性入侵的种有5个,严重入侵种有9个。公路是外来入侵植物分布最为集中的环境,这表明帽儿山国家森林公园外来植物入侵形势严峻,人为活动是导致外来植物入侵最重要的因素,而目前的管理措施不足以进一步控制外来植物的入侵,应该采取恶性入侵外来物种的监测等措施加强对外来入侵植物等预防和管理。 相似文献
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为更好地了解浙江海岛外来入侵植物的特征和习性,通过对嵊泗县花鸟岛外来入侵植物的实地调查及相关文献资料的整理,对其外来入侵植物的种类组成、危害现状、原产地、生活型和入侵途径等进行了分析。调查结果表明:花鸟岛现有外来入侵植物19种,其中菊科植物种类最多,有4种,占入侵植物总数的21.1%;其次是旋花科植物,有3种,占入侵植物总数15.8%;就危害程度而言,已造成严重危害的种类有5种,中等危害的有8种,轻度危害的有种6种。这些外来入侵植物中,生活型以草本植物为主,草本植物种类最为丰富(16种,占总数的84.2%);原产地以美洲为主(16种,占总数的84.2%);引入途径以人为有意或无意引入为主。嵊泗县花鸟岛外来入侵植物的种类组成及分布特征与浙江省外来入侵植物有相似关联之处,也有其适应海岛环境的特殊性,对其防控应采取相应不同的方法对策。 相似文献
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《陕西林业科技》2020,(2)
通过野外实地调查、资料查询和系统分析,对泗水县湿地外来入侵植物的种类组成、生活型、区系、原产地、繁殖及扩散方式进行了研究。结果表明:泗水县湿地有外来入侵植物39种,隶属于14科26属,其中菊科(10种)和苋科(9种)种类最多,分别占25.64%和23.08%。草本植物(38种, 97.4%)尤其一、二年生草本(28种, 71.8%)占绝对优势,乔木仅刺槐1种。区系地理具有泛热带性质,在科一级分为世界分布(50.00%)、泛热带分布(35.71%)和北温带分布(14.29%) 3个分布区类型。在属一级分为7个分布区类型,泛热带分布(30.77%)占优势,其次为世界分布(26.92%)和北温带分布(19.23%)。起源地分析表明,原产美洲的入侵种最多(26种, 40.00%),危害性也更大,列入《中国外来入侵物种名单》的12种入侵植物有11种来自美洲。绝大多数入侵植物依靠种子繁殖(35种, 89.74%),营养繁殖的仅刺槐、喜旱莲子草和凤眼蓝3种,白车轴草兼具有性繁殖和营养繁殖。繁殖体能广泛借助风力、水流、动物、人类等外界媒介扩散,一些还能通过自身主动传播。 相似文献
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广西十万大山自然保护区外来入侵植物研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
十万大山属北热带山地,有着丰富的生物多样性,但目前已遭到外来种植物入侵。通过实地调查和查证文献资料,初步确定十万大山自然保护区内外来入侵植物有23种,隶属于12科21属,其中菊科种类最多,6种,占入侵植物总数的26.1%;其次为苋科,3种,占入侵植物的13.0%。从来源看,23种入侵植物中,有21种来自热带美洲,占入侵植物种的91.3%。23种入侵植物均为r-选择对策种,其中有草本20种,占入侵植物种类总数的87.0%。23种入侵植物几乎全部是由人类活动直接或间接引入。最后对保护区内入侵植物的危害性及防治措施也作了初步的分析。 相似文献
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云南外来入侵植物研究 总被引：19，自引：0，他引：19
在查阅资料及多年实地观察的基础上,首次系统地对云南的外来入侵植物进行了研究。明确了云南现有的外来入侵植物计有129种,经对这些植物进行种类、来源、性状的构成以及危害程度的统计分析。结果表明,云南的外来入侵植物有39科,86属。含5种以上的有8科,来源于南美热带的种类最多,达63种,占云南外来入侵植物种数的49%;草本植物97种,占云南外来入侵植物种数的75%。依据这些外来入侵植物在云南的分布情况和在其分布地的优势度并予赋值,以此划分它们的危害等级。具Ⅰ级危害程度的有6种,Ⅱ级危害程度的有34种,Ⅲ级危害程度的有89种。据此得出云南外来入侵植物的种类数量居全国之首,已成为我国外来入侵植物最严重区域的结论。应引起相关部门的高度重视,采取有力措施,防止危害进一步加剧。 相似文献
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Anders Fries Björn Elfving Nicholas K. Ukrainetz 《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2017,32(4):287-296
Lodgepole pine is native to western North America, but it is also planted as a fast-growing alternative to Scots pine in Sweden. The production of these two species, when grown as native and as exotic species, was compared in a transcontinental two-species provenance experiment. The tests were planted in 1986 on five sites in northwestern Canada and two sites in Sweden, and included full-sib families, half-sib families, seed orchard collections and natural stand seed collections of both species. After 25 years, lodgepole pine produced 48% more volume (m3ha?1) and had 27% higher survival than Scots pine at one Swedish site, and had similar volume production and survival at a second. In the five Canadian sites, Scots pine produced on average 22% more volume than lodgepole pine. The variation between sites was, however, large. This higher volume of Scots pine in Canada could be due to higher survival (+28%) and less frequent damage; but higher top height for lodgepole pine in Canada indicated higher potential productivity. The results indicate that an exotic species may produce more than the native species, possibly thanks to higher survival, but it is also possible to increase production with successful population selection of the native species. 相似文献
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Md. Habibur Rahman Md. Abu Sayed Arfin Khan Bishwajit Roy Most. Jannatul Fardusi 《林业研究》2011,22(4):551-559
A study was conducted at two-biodiversity conservation areas of Northeastern Bangladesh (a part of Sylhet Forest Division)
to assess the species composition, diversity and density of natural regeneration of tree species both indigenous and exotic
species. Data were collected by stratified random quadrate method during January 2010 to July 2010. Totally 200 circular plots
of 2 m×2 m in size had 5 different habitat types of plants namely; forest, roadside, homestead (surrounding forest dwellers
house), fallow land and others (canals, streams and tea gardens side), which included a total of 55 regenerating species belonging
to 28 families. Meliaceae is the dominant family and shows the highest family importance value (26.3), having six species,
followed by Moraceae (24.24). Among the five habitat types, forest (43 species) possess the highest number of species, followed
by roadside (23 species). Total 15 exotic species among 9 families and 40 indigenous species with 24 families were recorded.
For exotic species, Tectona grandis possess the highest relative density (11.7%) and relative frequency (10.5%); Senna siamea had highest relative abundance (7.83%). In case of indigenous species, Chickrassia tabularis possess the highest relative density (4.23%) and relative frequency (4%); Dipterocarpus turbinatus had the highest relative abundance (3.92%). Tectona grandis (29.66) and Chickrassia tabularis (10.8) had the highest IVI for exotic and indigenous species respectively. Different diversity indices such as Shanon-Winner
diversity index, species diversity index, species richness index, species evenness index, Simpson index and species dominance
index, etc. were applied to quantify definite diversity. The regeneration of species associated with low levels of disturbance
was in the exotic species. Study suggests that proper protection from human disturbances and scientific management of natural
regeneration of two-study forests may lead a rich biodiversity site in the country. 相似文献
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Joseph Mascaro Kristen K. Becklund R. Flint Hughes Stefan A. Schnitzer 《Forest Ecology and Management》2008,256(4):593-606
Ecological invasions are a major driver of global environmental change. When invasions are frequent and prolonged, exotic species can become dominant and ultimately create novel ecosystem types. These ecosystems are now widespread globally. Recent evidence from Puerto Rico suggests that exotic-dominated forests can provide suitable regeneration sites for native species and promote native species abundance, but this pattern has been little explored elsewhere. We surveyed 46 sites in Hawai’i to determine whether native species occurred in the understories of exotic-dominated forests. Native trees smaller than 10 cm in diameter were absent in 28 of the 46 sites and rare in the others. Natives were never the dominant understory species; in fact, they accounted for less than 10% of understory basal area at all but six sites, and less than 4% on average. Sites with native species in the understory tended to be on young lava substrate lacking human disturbance, and were mostly located close to intact, native-dominated forest stands. Even where we found some native species, however, most were survivors of past exotic encroachment into native forest, rather than products of active recolonization by native species. In contrast with successional trajectories in Puerto Rico, Hawaii's exotic-dominated forests can emerge, via invasion, without human disturbance and native Hawaiian plants are largely unable to colonize them once they appear. We suggest that a wide diversity of growth strategies among the exotic species on Hawai’i may limit the opportunities for native plants to colonize exotic-dominated forests. 相似文献
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云南大围山国家级自然保护区种子植物区系多样性特征 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
报道大围山种子植物区系的研究结果:大围山内现有野生维管植物238科1 121属3 299种,分别占全国维管植物总科、属、种数的65.38%、34.92%、12.15%.其中种子植物188科994属3 027种及变种,平均种密度高达19.69种·km-2,是全国植物物种多样性最丰富的自然保护区之一.区内种子植物的古老性、珍稀性、多样性和完整性极具代表性.其种子植物区系具有4个显著特征:1)种类组成丰富,属内种系相对贫乏,分化程度较弱;2)植物区系起源古老,古老的特有属丰富;3)大围山是多种区系成分的交汇地带,但热带分布的科占绝对优势;4)大围山植物区系与中南半岛特别是北部湾植物区系的联系紧密,同时与东亚植物区系亦有密切联系. 相似文献
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在实地样地调查和标本采集鉴定的基础上,对内蒙古汉玛自然保护区种子植物的组成、分布区类型和区系特征进行了分析。结果表明:保护区有种子植物57科188属414种,其中裸子植物2科4属5种,被子植物55科184属409种;种子植物区系属于温带性质,且深受东北植物区系的影响,同时有蒙古植物区系成分渗透,因此汉玛自然保护区植物区系复杂,区系成分多样性显著,具有交错性质。 相似文献