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1.
为了进一步探讨西宁盆地黄土区灌木植物根系固土护坡力学效应,以区内优势灌木植物柠条锦鸡儿为研究对象,开展不同土体密度、含水量、含盐量和根径单因素变化条件下的单根垂直拉拔试验,探讨和分析了上述因素对灌木植物根-土界面相互作用力学特性的影响和作用机理。结果表明:在垂直埋深为25 cm及其他因素恒定的情况下,随着土体密度由1.20 g/cm3增长到1.60 g/cm3,单根最大抗拔出力由(28.60±2.83)N增长至(114.33±7.17)N,呈指数函数增长趋势; 随着土体含水量由6.00%增长到22.00%,单根最大抗拔出力由(152.80±10.07)N降低至(31.50±5.53)N,呈指数函数降低的变化趋势; 随着土体含盐量由0.59%增长至2.00%,单根最大抗拔出力呈现出先增大后减小的变化趋势,在含盐量为1.00%时,单根最大抗拔出力达到峰值(61.20±0.94)N,且二者关系符合二次函数关系; 在根径为2.74～9.57 mm范围内,随着单根平均根径的逐渐增大,单根最大抗拔出力由25.20 N线性增长至97.10 N。在此基础上,提出了垂直单根最大抗拔出力计算模型,并指出计算垂直单根最大抗拔出力所需的根-土界面综合黏聚力和综合摩擦角可通过根-土界面直剪试验获得。 相似文献
2.
寒旱环境灌木根系增强边坡土体抗剪强度特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为深入研究根系与剪切面呈不同夹角α条件下,边坡土体中根系对土体抗剪强度的影响,以及定量分析评价植物根系对边坡土体抗剪强度的增强作用,该项研究以生长期为150 d的柠条锦鸡儿、霸王根系及其组成的柠条锦鸡儿根-土复合体、霸王根-土复合体为研究对象分别进行室内单根拉伸试验和复合体剪切试验。通过对2灌木根系进行单根拉伸试验,得到2种灌木根系单根的抗拉强度,并对根系与剪切面夹角α分别为45°、60°、75°、90°等4种条件下的根-土复合体进行剪切试验,得到4种α角度条件下的根-土复合体试样抗剪强度;在此基础上,分析探讨了单根抗拉强度与根-土复合体试样粘聚力值之间的关系。结果表明:柠条锦鸡儿根系的单根抗拉强度较霸王根系的单根抗拉强度略高;柠条锦鸡儿根-土复合体、霸王根-土复合体试样,在4种不同α角度条件下的黏聚力均显著大于素土黏聚力;当α角由45°增大至90°时,2种灌木根-土复合体的黏聚力值呈逐渐增大的趋势,且黏聚力的增长率亦表现出一致性变化规律,即2种灌木根-土复合体试样的黏聚力的增长率均随着α角的增大而呈增大趋势;根-土复合体黏聚力值与单根抗拉强度存在正相关关系。由上述复合体黏聚力值的变化规律反映出,试验区2种灌木根系对边坡土体抗剪强度具有显著增强作用,同时亦反映出随根系的单根抗拉强度的增大,根系对土体粘聚力值的增强效果相对愈加显著,且随根系与剪切面间夹角不同,根系增强边坡土体抗剪强度贡献具有不同的变化规律,即表现在根系与剪切面之间的夹角趋于垂直时,根系具有相对最大限度地增强土体抗剪强度的作用。该研究结果为定量评价植物根系增强边坡土体抗剪强度的贡献,提供了试验方面的数据支撑,这为进一步深入探讨植物根系增强边坡土体抗剪强机理提供参考。 相似文献
3.
为定量评价西宁盆地黄土区优势灌木柠条锦鸡儿根系固土护坡效果,该研究以区内生长期为幼龄期（<6 a）、中龄期（6～14 a）和老龄期（>14 a）3个龄期的柠条锦鸡儿为研究对象,通过原位挖掘法与原位拉拔试验相结合的方式,调查不同龄期柠条锦鸡儿根系形态学指标和根系分布特征,并通过单根拉伸试验获得单根抗拉强度。以此为基础,利用WWM模型对不同龄期柠条锦鸡儿根系附加黏聚力进行计算,评价不同龄期柠条锦鸡儿根系对土体抗剪强度的增强效果。结合有限元数值模拟分析,定量评价不同龄期柠条锦鸡儿根系加筋和锚固作用对黄土边坡稳定性的贡献。结果表明：随着龄期的增加,柠条锦鸡儿根系埋深、根系总根长、主根根径和主根根长均逐渐增加;各龄期柠条锦鸡儿根系主要分布在0～0.6 m土层深度范围内,随着土层深度增加,幼龄期和老龄期根系根长和根数呈逐渐减少趋势;中龄期根系则呈先增大后减小趋势,根长和根数的最大值出现在0.3～0.6 m的土层深度内。幼龄期和老龄期柠条锦鸡儿根面积比和根系附加黏聚力均随着土层深度增加而逐渐减少,中龄期柠条锦鸡儿则呈先增大后减小变化趋势,且该龄期根系增强土体抗剪强度的效果相对最为显著。不... 相似文献
4.
为揭示柠条根系固土抗蚀机理,以柠条锦鸡儿与低液限粘土、砒砂岩风化土、含细粒土砂3种土壤类型的根土复合体做为对象进行室内直剪试验,研究3种土壤类型的柠条根土复合体抗剪强度及强度指标,分析其差异性。结果表明:3种不同土壤类型下柠条根土复合体剪切规律均服从摩尔－库仑强度破坏准则。0.05显著水平下,12.5 kpa下根系提高土体抗剪强度优于25 kpa。抗剪强度、残余抗剪强度及二者的强度指标均为柠条根与3种土壤类型根土复合体优于相应素土。抗剪强度、残余抗剪强度、粘聚力及残余粘聚力大小排序为:低液限粘土根土复合体 > 砒砂岩风化土根土复合体 > 含细粒土砂根土复合体,内摩擦角和残余内摩擦角大小排序为:含细粒土砂根土复合体 > 砒砂岩风化土根土复合体 > 低液限粘土根土复合体。粘聚力、残余粘聚力的增长率区间为9.97% ~ 45.78%,内摩擦角和残余内摩擦角的增长率区间为?4.09% ~ 2.40%。根会增强土壤抗剪强度及残余抗剪强度。柠条根系对提高低液限粘土的抗剪特性作用效果最明显,提升效果最好。粘聚力在根土复合体抗剪强度、残余抗剪强度的增加中起主要作用。 相似文献
5.
不同根系含量对山原红壤抗剪强度的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
[目的]探讨云南省昆明市呈贡区段家营一植被覆盖的斜坡区不同含量植被根系对山原土壤抗剪强度的增强效应,为相关研究提供理论依据。[方法]制备0(无根系空白样),0.467,0.93,1.4 mg/cm~3这4种根系含量以及20%,25%,30%,35%,40%这5种含水量的根—土复合体试验样品进行抗剪强度试验。[结果]根—土复合体中,植被根系能提供给土壤额外的抗剪能力和抵抗土体变形来增强土体的抗剪强度,植被根系对土体抗剪强度有明显的增强效应,但这种增强效应是有限的。根系含量在0.93 mg/cm~3时,根系对土体的抗剪强度增强效果最好。随着根系含量的增加,黏聚力和内摩擦角总是呈现负相关性的关系,在低含水量情况下,黏聚力随根系含量增加而先降低后增加,内摩擦角随根系含量变化则相反。当含水量低且根系含量相对较少时(当含水量≤35%,根系含量≤0.93 mg/cm~3时),土壤参与剪切整个过程且为被剪主体,得到的黏聚力和内摩擦角均为正值,符合库仑定律;当含水量较高且根系含量较多时(当含水量=35%,根系含量=1.4 mg/cm~3时以及当含水量=45%,根系含量≥0.467 mg/cm~3时),被剪主体为根系,得到的黏聚力为负值,不符合库仑定律。[结论]库仑定律不适用于高含水量和高含量植被根系的根—土复合体抗剪强度的研究。在采用植被护坡时可用试验确定边坡土壤抗剪强度最高时的最佳含根量和含水量。 相似文献
6.
为了探究三峡水库消落带根土复合体抗剪性能的影响机制，以狗牙根根土复合体为研究对象，利用三轴试验，定量分析含水率、干湿交替次数以及含根量对根土复合体抗剪性能的影响。结果表明：(1)随着干湿交替次数和含水率的增加，土壤抗剪性能逐渐劣化，含水率13%的根土复合体抗剪强度依次比含水率18%、含水率23%的土壤抗剪强度提高0.12%～14.76%,12.47%～21.14%;经历干湿交替6次与3次的根土复合体抗剪强度比经历1次的降低6.31%～14.71%与2.41%～8.19%。(2)根系含量能显著影响土壤抗剪性能，含根量为1.5 mg/cm3的土壤抗剪强度比含根量为0.5 mg/cm3的土壤抗剪强度提高0.86%～21.10%,内摩擦角增长0.09%～16.31%,黏聚力增长2.27%～30.55%。(3)含水率是影响土壤抗剪性能最主要的因素，对抗剪强度的贡献程度排序上为含水率(61.30%)>干湿交替次数(21.17%)>含根量(8.28%)。研究结果为消落带固土护岸的物种筛选、群落构建、水土保持生态建设、生态系统重建以及水库岸线管理... 相似文献
7.
模拟自然降雨条件下植物根系增强边坡土体抗剪强度特征 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
该研究以位于青藏高原东北部黄土区的西宁盆地作为试验区,采用柠条锦鸡儿(Caragana korshinskii Kom.)、霸王(Zygophyllum xanthoxylon(Bunge)Maxim.)、垂穗披碱草(Elymus nutans Griseb.)、细茎冰草(Agropyron trachycaulum(Linn.)Gaertn.)的单播种植,以及柠条锦鸡儿分别与细茎冰草、垂穗披碱草混播种植等2种方式,开展了原位模拟降雨试验并采用直接剪切试验,系统分析了模拟降雨试验前后试验区边坡表层以下3个不同位置处复合体抗剪强度大小及其随深度变化规律。结果表明:模拟降雨试验前,由柠条锦鸡儿与细茎冰草、垂穗披碱草混播的边坡a层(0~20 cm)根-土复合体黏聚力分别为19.5、18.9 k Pa,均较相同条件下单播边坡a层复合体黏聚力大;混播种植边坡各层根-土复合体黏聚力均较模拟降雨试验后裸坡a层土体黏聚力大,其中柠条锦鸡儿与细茎冰草混播边坡、垂穗披碱草混播边坡模拟降雨试验后,a层复合体黏聚力分别较裸坡a层黏聚力的增幅为30.65%~56.45%;柠条锦鸡儿、霸王、垂穗披碱草、细茎冰草单播边坡b层复合体黏聚力增幅为4.17%~38.89%;柠条锦鸡儿分别与细茎冰草、垂穗披碱草混播边坡b层黏聚力增幅为29.17%~34.72%;边坡c层土体黏聚力增幅相对不及a层、b层显著,反映了草本起到浅层加筋作用,灌木则起到深部锚固作用。 相似文献
8.
土壤孔隙水承压条件下4种根—土复合体抗剪特性 总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3
采用直剪仪对4种沙生植物重塑的根-土复合体及素土进行快剪试验,探讨了其抗剪强度以及根径和垂直压力对抗剪强度的影响.结果表明,柠条、沙柳、沙地柏、白沙蒿根-土复合体在1.5 m(25 kPa)的浅层土体范围内抗剪强度均大于素土,4种植物根-土复合体的内摩擦角与素土相比差异不明显;在根径相同(1.25 mm)的情况下,4种植物根-土复合体的黏聚力均大于素土,其黏聚力增加率的变化范围在4.60%～46.23%之间,大小顺序为:柠条＞沙地柏＞沙柳＞白沙蒿;4种植物随着根径的增加,复合体的抗剪强度均有不同程度的增大. 相似文献
9.
平茬是灌木人工林培育中常用的手段,灌木多通过平茬达到复壮目的。以内蒙古砒砂岩区典型水土保持功能灌木柠条根-土复合体为研究对象,进行剪切试验研究,分析平茬复壮对柠条根-土复合体抗剪特性的影响,阐明柠条人工灌木林平茬复壮机制,确定最佳平茬方案,进而为柠条人工灌木林管理提供科学依据。结果表明,在12.5 kPa、25 kPa的条件下,2 a生柠条根-土复合体的抗剪强度分别为31.43%和11.02%,而未平茬柠条根-土复合体的抗剪强度分别为24.01%和7.35%,根系的存在明显提高了浅层土体的抗剪强度;平茬和未平茬柠条根-土复合体粘聚力相对于素土的增长率分别为37.24%和52.23%,平茬和未平茬柠条根-土复合体内摩擦角相对于素土的增长率分别为10.11%和4.78%。表明在12.5 kPa和25 kPa下平茬后的效果优于未平茬,其中摩擦力发挥了重要的作用。 相似文献
10.
《水土保持学报》2014,(2)
采用直剪仪对3种植物重塑的根-土复合体及素土进行室内剪切试验,探讨其抗剪强度以及土壤含水率对抗剪强度的影响,结果表明:在相同径级(d=1.25mm)和快剪条件下,在0.8m的浅层土范围,3种植物根-土复合体抗剪强度相对于素土的增长率大小顺序为柠条(60%)沙棘(35%)杨柴(29%);3种植物根-土复合体粘聚力值相对于素土的增长率大小顺序为柠条(39%)杨柴(38%)沙棘(28%);而3种植物根-土复合体的内摩擦角相对于素土的增长率值均为负值,分别为-2%(柠条),-14%(沙棘)和-21%(杨柴)。因此,可以认为粘聚力的增加对提高根-土复合体抗剪强度起到重要的作用。土壤含水率对3种植物根-土复合体抗剪强度的影响结果显示:随着土壤含水率的增加,3种植物根-土复合体抗剪强度及粘聚力均呈现先增大后减少的趋势,且植物种不同,其抗剪强度和粘聚力峰值出现时的土壤含水率不同。通过上述研究得出,植物根系增强土壤抗剪强度的作用大小不仅受植物种的影响,还与土壤含水量密切相关,植物种不同,其根系增强土体抗剪强度的作用达到最佳时所要求的土壤水分条件亦不同,存在最适含水量或含水量区域。 相似文献
11.
In order to identify key adaptive traits which affect productivity in Mediterranean grain and forage legumes and simultaneously determine the agricultural potential of a wide range of Vicia species, germplasm collected from the wild throughout the eastern Mediterranean was grown under semi-arid conditions in Tel Hadya, Syria (313 mm growing season rainfall). These included species currently in use in Mediterranean agriculture, such as V. sativa L., as well as those more widely used in the past-such as V. ervilia L., but also a broad selection from Section Narbonensis (B. Fedtsch. ex Radzhi) Maxted, including V. narbonensis L, V. johannis Tamamsch., V. hyaeniscyamus Mout., V. serratifolia Jacq., and V. kalakhensis Khattab et al. V. faba, a near relative of the taxa in Section Narbonensis, was included as a domesticated control. Where applicable, a representative range of subspecies was used. Accessions were chosen from a wide range of habitats in terms of latitude (31.02–40.72 decimalo), longitude (27.1–43.17 decimalo), altitude (20–1510 m), rainfall (180–1700 mm/yr) and soil depth (5–50 cm) in order to maximise diversity within species. Agricultural potential was determined by measuring seed, hay and biological yield, as well as agronomic traits such as harvest index, standing crop height, and seed size. The comparative influence of phenology and key agronomic traits such as plant habit and seed size on productivity varied tremendously between species, depending on their reproductive strategies. In V. sativa and V. ervilia, the smaller seed species which rely on long vegetative phases and growing seasons to accumulate sufficient biomass to set seed, and in which there was comparatively little agronomic variation, phenology had a large impact on yield. In early emerging taxa such as V. ervilia and V. s. subsp. sativa, with built-in long vegetative phases and growing seasons, seed yield was negatively correlated with flower ing (r = –0.86 to –0.88), whereas the opposite was the case for later emerging taxa such as V. s. subsp. nigra (L.) Ehrh. (r = 0.95). Within V. narbonensis and relatives, the larger seeded Vicia species which rely on more conservative reproductive strategies where high seedling vigour associated with large seeds enables the species to enter reproductive phases relatively early, phenology had a much smaller impact on yield than did variation of key traits such as seed weight, plant habit and pod shattering. Among the undomesticated germplasm harvest indices ranged from 0.09–0.31, hay yields from 0.1–3.4 t/ha, seed yield from 0–2.0 t/ha, and dry matter at maturity from 1.6–6.5 t/ha. Sub-specific taxonomy was crucial in determining agronomic potential. V. narbonensis var. aegyptiaca Kornhuber ex Asch. et Schweinf. showed the most potential, combining an upright habit, large seeds (212 mg) and tendency to retain intact pods after maturity, with the highest yield, harvest index and crop height of all the wild Vicia species. V. sativa subsp. sativa, V. ervilia and V. narbonensis var. narbonensis were less productive, but still showed agricultural potential. The smaller seeded V. narbonensis, var. affinis, var. jordanica H. Schäf. and var. salmonea (Mout.) H. Schäf., and their close relatives V. johannis, V. hyaeniscyamus, V. serratifolia and V. kalakhensis have little to offer Mediterranean agriculture on the basis of poor agronomy. 相似文献
12.
13.
The difficulty and problems encountered in the study of cultivated plants, in general and sugarcane, in particular has been
indicated. In order to understand these problems, a brief review on the taxonomy of Saccharum and closely related taxa, namely, Erianthus, Sclerostachya, Narenga and Miscanthus (generally known as ‘Saccharum complex’) has been given. A short account on the important morphological features that are specific to sugarcane has also
been stated as classification is commonly based on such morphological characters. A note has been added on the chromosome
number, origin, and distribution of the species of ‘Saccharum complex’ members. Taxonomic keys have been devised for identification of the genera of Saccharinae and for the species of
Saccharum and Erianthus occurring in India. A new combination, Sclerostachya fallax (Balansa) Amalraj et Balasundaram, has also been proposed. 相似文献
14.
The effects of five agroforestry woody species (Dactyladenia barteri, Gliricidia sepium, Leucaena leucocephala, Senna siamea andTreculia africana) on the surface aasting activity ofHyperiodrilus africanus were studied in an Alfisol (Oxic Paleustalf) in southwestern Nigeria. Casting activity under the woody species decreased in the following order:Dactyladenia sp. (26.4 Mg ha-1 year-1)>Gliricidia sp. (24.4 Mg ha-1 year-1)>Treculia sp. (22.9 Mg ha-1 year-1)>Leucaena sp. (18.6 Mg ha-1 year-1)>Senna sp. (18.3 Mg ha-1 year-1). These differences in casting activity were partly explained by microclimatic effects. Irrespective of the woody species, the worm casts were higher in clay and silt contents, bulk density, water-stable aggregates, pH, organic C, exchangeable cations, effective cation exchange capacity, and extractable P levels than the corresponding surface soils. The woody species did affect the physicochemical properties and P sorption of the worm casts. The content of water-stable aggregates of worm casts decreased in the following order:Dactyladenia sp.>Treculia sp.>Senna sp.>Leucaena sp.>Gliricidia sp. Large differences in extractable P levels were observed.Senna sp. was associated with the highest extractable P level (11.5 mg kg-1) andTreculia sp. the lowest (4.9 mg kg-1). P sorption was highest on worm casts underDactyladenia sp. and lowest on those underTreculia sp. Without fertilizer application, there were no significant differences in the dry weight of maize grown in the different worm casts. With NPK applications, the dry weight of maize grown in worm casts associated withTreculia sp. was significantly lower than that of maize grown in the other worm casts, mainly due to the low extractable P level. Despite a high organic C and exchangeable K status, maize grown in the worm casts still responded significantly to N and K applications. The N uptake by maize grown in worm casts associated withTreculia sp. was lower than that in the other treatments. 相似文献
15.
Sofie E. De Meyer Koenraad Van Hoorde Bram Vekeman Tamara Braeckman Anne Willems 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2011,43(12):2384-2396
We investigated the diversity of rhizobia isolated from different indigenous legumes in Flanders (Belgium). A total of 3810 bacterial strains were analysed originating from 43 plant species. Based on rep-PCR clustering, 16S rRNA gene and recA gene sequence analysis, these isolates belonged to Bradyrhizobium, Ensifer (Sinorhizobium), Mesorhizobium and Rhizobium. Of the genera encountered, Rhizobium was the most abundant (62%) and especially the species Rhizobiumleguminosarum, followed by Ensifer (19%), Bradyrhizobium (14%) and finally Mesorhizobium (5%). For two rep-clusters only low similarity values with other genera were found for both the 16S rRNA and recA genes, suggesting that these may represent a new genus with close relationship to Rhodopseudomonas and Bradyrhizobium. Primers for the symbiotic genes nodC and nifH were optimized and a phylogenetic sequence analysis revealed the presence of different symbiovars including genistearum, glycinearum, loti, meliloti, officinalis, trifolii and viciae. Moreover, three new nodC types were assigned to strains originating from Ononis, Robinia and Wisteria, respectively. Discriminant and MANOVA analysis confirmed the correlation of symbiosis genes with certain bacterial genera and less with the host plant. Multiple symbiovars can be present within the same host plant, suggesting the promiscuity of these plants. Moreover, the ecoregion did not contribute to the separation of the bacterial endosymbionts. Our results reveal a large diversity of rhizobia associated with indigenous legumes in Flanders. Most of the legumes harboured more than one rhizobial endosymbiont in their root nodules indicating the importance of including sufficient isolates per plant in diversity studies. 相似文献
16.
Diversity of native rice (Oryza Poaceae:) species of Costa Rica 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Alejandro Zamora Cynthia Barboza Jorge Lobo Ana M. Espinoza 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2003,50(8):855-870
We found several populations of wild Oryza species in the lowlands of Costa Rica. The plants showed extensive morphological variation, suggesting the presence of several species. In the morphologic study, 33 traits were scored for plants of all the species. A principal component analysis revealed the significant morphological separation of the different species. The analyses indicated that there are three species, O. grandiglumis, O. latifolia and O. glumaepatula. Two putative hybrid types were found, both significantly differing in their morphology from the known species and intermediate at several traits. O. grandiglumis is a new record for Costa Rican flora. Its main population is located in Caño Negro Wildlife Refuge, Los Chiles, Alajuela. O. latifolia is distributed throughout the lowlands of the country and the plants of the Atlantic slope are significantly bigger in general habit than those of the Guanacaste area. During this study a population of O. glumaepatula of hundreds of thousands of plants was discovered in the Medio Queso River wetland, Los Chiles, Alajuela. This population is the most important source of genes for cultivar's improvement from the primary gene pool of rice in Costa Rica. The small ligule and the wide flag leaf characteristic of the two CCDD species separated them from the AA diploid O. glumaepatula. Seed size, ligule size, number of branches in the panicle, plant height and sterile lemma length are all bigger in O. grandiglumis, and influenced the second factor that separated the CCDD species in two discrete clusters. The species found offer great possibilities for the improvement of rice cultivars and they should be thoroughly studied and appropriately protected. 相似文献
17.
18.
One hundred and forty-seven Chinese barley varieties maintained at the Gene Bank of the National Barley Improvement Centre,
Zhejiang, and 84 progenies from these varieties were tested at the seedling stage for their reaction to 32 selected pathotypes
of Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei. Eighteen resistance spectra were identified comprising single or combined resistances from eight known (Ml(Bw), Ml(Ch), Mla7, Mla8, Mla9, Mla13, MlaRu4 and Mlg) and six unknown resistance genes. The most frequent gene was Ml(Bw), which was found in 69 varieties and previously detected in only a few European winter barley varieties. The genes Mla8 and Ml(Ch) were also often present, but other resistance genes were rare. After inoculation, considerably fewer pathogen colonies were
observed in ‘Aiganqi’ and one line of ‘Tong5’. Twenty varieties were composed of lines with different resistance genes. China
is likely to be a region of origin of the genes Ml(Bw), Mla7, as well as three unknown genes found in original landraces and perhaps another three unknown genes detected in cultivars
bred in China. The resistances of varieties from the Zhejiang province and those originating from 11 other Chinese provinces
were quite different. Unfortunately, none of the varieties are promising sources of resistance to powdery mildew and China
does not seem to be a region suitable for identifying such sources. 相似文献
19.
M. Rodríguez-Quijano M.T. Nieto-Taladriz J.M. Carrillo 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2001,48(6):599-607
A collection of 136 accessions of Aegilops umbellulata (39), Ae. comosa (75) and Ae. markgrafii (22) was analysed for high-molecular-weight (HMW) glutenin subunits composition. The homogeneity of the accessions was studied and 55.1% of the collection was homogeneous for HMW glutenin subunits (29 Ae. umbellulata, 33 Ae. comosa and 14 Ae. markgrafii). The HMW glutenin subunits of Ae. umbellulata are encoded by the Glu-U1 locus; in Ae. comosa results showed that this proteins are encoded at the 1M chromosome, and the locus was named Glu-M1. In Ae. markgrafii it was assumed that HMW glutenin subunits were encoded by an homoeologous locus and it was named Glu-C1. All the accessions of Ae. umbellulata and Ae. markgrafii expressed both, x-type and y-type subunits. Among the Ae. comosa accessions, only one expressed an x-type subunit alone. All the accessions of Ae. umbellulata and some of Ae. comosa had x-type glutenins of higher molecular weights than those commonly present in bread wheat. A total of 8 alleles were detected at the Glu-U1 locus, 11 at the Glu-M1 and 4 at the Glu-C1. The new HMW glutenin variation found in this work suggests their possible utilisation in breeding for wheat quality. 相似文献
20.
Summary Feeding by the isopod, Oniscus asellus, produced changes in the sulfur constituents of leaf litter substrates (Acer negundo, A. saccharum, Fagus grandifolia, Picea rubens, and Tsuga canadensis). Isopod consumption of leaf litter generally accelerated the mineralization of carbon-bonded S and increased the formation of ester sulfate in all substrates. After the isopod egestion of A. negundo leaves, fecal decomposition over 6 weeks increased total S concentration from 68 to 120 mol S/g due to the catabolism of organic carbon. During the same period sulfate decreased from 34 to 20 mol S/g and carbon-bonded S increased from 34 to 100 mol S/g. Thus the total S pool in aged feces became enriched with organic S (83% of total S). Macroinvertebrate consumption accelerated the transformation of S constituents and the carbon-bonded S concentration approached that of the Oa organic horizon of a northern hardwood forest.Dedicated to the late Prof. Dr. M.S. Ghilarov 相似文献