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1.
表冷器-热泵联合集热系统不同运行模式的集热性能   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
针对现有的表冷器-风机主动集放热系统集热能力不足的问题,该研究在现有系统的基础上加入热泵,设计了一套表冷器-热泵联合集热系统。该系统共有3种集热运行模式:仅表冷器-风机集热(风机模式);表冷器-风机集热+热泵与表冷器-风机联合集热(混合模式);仅热泵与表冷器-风机联合集热(联合模式)。依据不同天气下的不同需求确定指标赋分方式,并对各指标赋分,最终总分最高模式作为该天气下的最佳集热模式。试验结果表明:晴天时,风机模式的集热性能系数(COP)最高,达到了6.0±0.7,联合模式的集热量最大,为(763.9±17.1) MJ,而混合模式的集热COP及集热量均居中。多云天时,混合模式的集热COP最高,为4.8±0.3,联合模式的集热量最大,为(519.7±30.5) MJ。在两种天气下,平均水-气温差均呈现出风机模式、混合模式、联合模式递增的趋势。通过对各指标赋分后得出,晴天时混合模式为最佳集热模式;多云天时联合模式为最佳集热模式。该研究可为主动集放热技术的性能提升提供新思路。  相似文献   

2.
日光温室空气余热热泵加温系统应用效果   总被引:2,自引:5,他引:2  
中国日光温室是低碳节能设施结构类型的代表,但昼夜能量分布极不平衡,白天室内热量富余,而夜间低温高湿,冷害、病虫害时有发生。为实现日光温室内热量在时间、空间上的转移,以提高空气热能利用效率,提升日光温室抵御低温能力,设计了一套日光温室空气余热热泵加温系统。白天适时运行系统,将日光温室内富余空气热能泵取并储存于蓄热水池中;夜间室内气温较低时,首先开启风机和水泵,以对流换热方式通过表冷器直接散热;当蓄热水池水温降至一定温度,逆向运行热泵系统强制放热;此外,在连阴天及极端低温天气条件下,可开启风机与翅片式电加热对温室进行应急加温。对加温系统的应用效果进行试验,试验结果表明:与对照温室相比,系统运行期间,试验温室夜间平均气温高出2.8~4.4℃,相对湿度降低8.0%~11.5%;白天平均气温降低3.7~5.2℃,相对湿度降低12.3%~16.5%。系统不仅夜间加温、降湿效果显著,同时白天降温、除湿效果显著。系统白天集热功率为12.5~16.4 kW,制热性能系数为3.3~4.2;夜间表冷器散热阶段系统放热功率为9.3~10.3 kW,性能系数为6.6~7.4;逆向运行热泵强制放热阶段系统性能系数为3.8~4.1。加温周期内系统集、放热过程始终处于制热工况,整体性能系数达2.7,节能效果显著。该研究为日光温室夜间节能加温提供了新思路。  相似文献   

3.
表冷器-热泵联合集热系统的优化及可用能分析   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
为进一步提升表冷器-热泵联合集热系统的放热性能,并为系统进行节能优化提出方向和途径建议,首先计算了储热池优化水温42℃目标下的实际蓄水量,试验并分析了蓄水量的减少对系统集放热性能的影响;在此基础上,进行了两种集热方式、一种放热方式的可用能分析,进一步明确了系统在3种运行方式时可用能损失的主要位置和原因;最后,提出了表冷器-热泵联合集热系统主要工作部件节能优化的建议。试验结果表明:优化蓄水量为8.4 m3的条件下,系统的放热功率和放热性能系数分别为27.1 kW和6.2,提升了33.5%和37.8%,放热性能提升显著。可用能分析表明,水泵的可用能效率最高,最高可达98.8%;表冷器-风机的可用能效率在表冷器-风机集热方式、热泵与表冷器-风机联合集热方式、放热模式下分别为89.3%、87.8%、60.1%,传热温差造成的不可逆损失是放热模式下效率较低的原因;热泵机组可用能效率最低,仅为46.4%,是后续系统节能优化的重点。该研究为优化提升主动集放热系统的节能性,提供了方向指导和解决新思路。  相似文献   

4.
针对目前温室水循环太阳能利用系统无法在合理时间集热的问题,开发模面装置,基于其表面综合温度提出高效节能控制策略。理论分析表明,日间表面综合温度反映集热器表面可集太阳余热,利用该温度与蓄热水池内水温之间的差值可较准确地判断集热时机;夜间表面综合温度接近于室内气温,利用该温度进行放热控制的方式实质上就是利用室内气温的方式。通过现场试验,测试提出的控制策略下实现的中空板水循环太阳能利用系统的集放热效果,并与现有的基于设定时间点或室内气温的控制方式的能力进行对比。试验结果表明中空板系统在提出的集热控制策略下获得的晴天的集热量(404.1 MJ)与多云天和阴天的集热量(分别为225.9和62.7 MJ)差异显著。而设定时间点控制集热,导致少集热(1.4 h)、无效运行(1.7 h)等问题。基于室内气温方式浪费集热时机:集热初期,太阳辐射较强,系统本可集热(31.8 MJ),且集热量远大于能耗,集热COP(Coefficient of Performance)达20.2,但因气温低,并不运行;集热末期,还出现短期无效运行(多云天为0.7 h;阴天为2.4 h)。该研究提出的集热控制策略能以更低能耗实现更高集热量;放热控制方式也具有一定优势。  相似文献   

5.
主动式太阳能集热/土壤蓄热塑料大棚增温系统及效果   总被引:8,自引:2,他引:6  
试验研究了一套主动式太阳能塑料大棚增温系统。它以空气为载热介质,土壤为蓄热介质,白天利用太阳能空气集热器加热空气,由风机把热空气抽入地下,通过地下管道与土壤的热交换,将热量传给土壤储存。夜间热量缓慢上升至地表,从而使土壤保持恒温。经过连续4 d的加温试验得出:与利用自然辐照的对比温室相比,主动式太阳能塑料大棚的夜间气温平均升高3.8℃,地温平均升高2.3℃,系统蓄热量可达228.9~319.1 MJ。试验结果证明,这种结合太阳能空气集热器和土壤蓄热的塑料大棚增温系统,能有效地提高棚内的气温和地温,具有良好的发展前景。  相似文献   

6.
表冷器-热泵联合集热系统的设计方法   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0       下载免费PDF全文
为了加快表冷器-热泵联合集热系统在无蓄热后墙日光温室及大跨度外保温塑料大棚中的推广应用,该研究提供了一种可以在不同类型、不同规格的园艺设施中使用的该系统的设计计算方法,主要包括棚室热负荷计算、热泵的选型、集热池潜水泵的选型、储热池潜水泵的选型、储热池体积的计算以及表冷器-风机台数的确定等。并以其在一500 m2无蓄热后墙日光温室中的实际应用为例,计算得出在夜间平均气温–10℃条件下,为了维持室内气温不低于15℃,需配置FNH型表冷器-风机10台,热泵的额定输入功率为15 kW,集热池潜水泵和储热池潜水泵流量分别为15 m3/h和14 m3/h,储热池体积为19.8 m3。该研究为表冷器-热泵联合集热系统的推广应用提供了理论基础和设计实例。  相似文献   

7.
日光温室主动蓄放热系统应用效果研究   总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11  
针对日光温室冬季夜晚温度低、作物易发生冷害等问题,设计了以水为蓄热介质的主动蓄放热系统.系统由集/放热装置、储热装置和控制装置等组成.白天进行太阳辐射热的吸收与储存,夜晚释放热量用于温室增温.试验结果表明,晴天条件下,主动蓄放热系统的集热功率为0.3kW/m2,蓄热量为6.9MJ/m2;夜间放热功率为0.2kW/m2,放热量为5.7MJ/m2,热利用效率为0.83,试验温室与对照温室的平均气温相差6.3℃;阴天及多云天气条件下,试验温室与对照温室的夜间平均气温相差4.6℃,表明主动蓄放热系统能有效改善日光温室夜间低温状况,进而保障蔬菜安全越冬生产.  相似文献   

8.
主动蓄放热-热泵联合加温系统在日光温室的应用   总被引:19,自引:15,他引:4  
为提高主动蓄放热系统集热效率,增强日光温室抵御低温能力,设计了一套主动蓄放热-热泵联合加温系统。白天运行主动蓄放热系统,将北墙获得的太阳辐射能储存到蓄水池中;根据天气情况及蓄水池水温变化适时开启热泵机组,降低主动蓄放热系统循环水温,进而提升其集热效率;夜间室内气温较低时,通过主动蓄放热系统放热。试验结果表明:与对照温室相比,试验温室夜间气温高出5.26~6.64℃;热泵机组制热性能系数COPHp为4.38~5.17,主动蓄放热系统可为热泵机组热源提供充足的热量,保证理想的热源温度;在日光温室特定的光热环境下,主动蓄放热-热泵联合加温系统的集热效率达到了72.32%~83.62%,总体COPSys值达5.59,节能效果显著。该研究为提高日光温室夜间温度提供了新思路。  相似文献   

9.
日光温室主动蓄放热系统优化   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
为了提高日光温室主动蓄放热系统运行的稳定性和可靠性,该研究在第六代主动蓄放热系统的基础上,对主动蓄放热系统的循环管路、供水方式和集放热板进行优化改进,并对系统的加温效果和性能进行探究。研究结果表明,在3种不同的太阳辐射强度天气条件下,试验区的平均气温比对照区分别高2.7、2.2和1.9℃;单位面积集热量分别为4.6、3.7和2.6 MJ/m~2,单位面积放热量分别为4.1、3.4和3.1 MJ/m~2;平均集热功率分别为183.1、146.5和105.0 W/m~2,平均放热功率分别为163.2、134.0和121.1W/m~2;平均集热效率分别为56.5%、68.2%和73.8%;平均性能系数分别为3.8、3.1和2.8;与电加热相比,平均节能率分别为73.5%、67.1%和63.0%。在主动蓄放热系统加温期间,在不同太阳辐射强度天气条件下,试验区南北温差较大,植株群体内部南北最大平均气温分别相差2.8、2.6和2.4℃。研究结果可为主动蓄放热系统的推广应用提供理论基础和数据支撑。  相似文献   

10.
空气循环式塑料大棚蓄热除湿装置及运行效果   总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1  
根据湿热空气遇到固体低温表面产生冷凝效应,其水汽凝结为水,同时放出潜热的原理,利用冬季晴天时塑料大棚内气温高,湿度大,而地温低的环境条件,在塑料大棚内设计、建造和安装了一套空气循环式蓄热除湿装置,晴天将塑料大棚内的湿热空气用轴流式风机强制性地抽送入安装在土壤中的多个冷凝管道,并使其从塑料大棚内另一端的出口排出,再回到塑料大棚内,形成循环,达到既除湿又不降温的目的。观测分析结果表明,与对照塑料大棚相比,试验塑料大棚内1.7 m高度的相对湿度明显降低,大部分时间段达到差异显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)水平;晴天各个正点时刻,冷凝塑料大棚内1.7 m高度平均气温和20 cm地温均高于对照,分别高出0.1~3.0℃、1.4~1.7℃。  相似文献   

11.
相变蓄热墙体对日光温室热环境的改善   总被引:21,自引:14,他引:7  
该文以北京市郊区某蔬菜种植基地日光温室为研究对象,将所研制的新型相变蓄热墙体材料应用于日光温室北墙内表面,通过提高温室墙体太阳能集热与蓄热能力,达到提高太阳能热利用效率和改善日光温室热环境的目的。采用40mm厚相变蓄热墙体材料板的试验温室与同尺寸的普通砖墙的对照温室比较,2010年12月21日至2011年1月18日的比较试验结果表明:草帘开启时段(白天),前者后墙表面温度平均提高1~2.7℃,耕作层(0~20cm)土壤平均温度提升0.5℃,室内环境平均温度提升0.2~2.1℃;草帘关闭时段(夜间),试验温室后墙表面温度平均提高2.1~4.3℃,耕作层土壤平均温度提升0.5~1.4℃,室内环境平均温度提升1.6~2.1℃。所研制的相变蓄热墙体材料较好地改善了温室作物生长热环境,提高了日光温室的太阳能热利用率。  相似文献   

12.
The efficacy of microbial inactivation techniques is currently tested using time-consuming and labor-intensive plate count methods, which are the principal rate-limiting steps in developing inactivation kinetic parameters for alternative food processing technologies. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy combined with multivariate analysis was used to quantify viable spores and identify some biochemical changes in samples treated by autoclaving, pressure-assisted thermal processing (PATP), and thermal processing (TP). Spore suspensions ( approximately 109 CFU/mL) of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens TMW 2.479 Fad 82, B. amyloliquefaciens TMW 2.482 Fad 11/2, B. sphaericus NZ 14, B. amyloliquefaciens ATCC 49764, and Clostridium tyrobutyricum ATCC 25755 were treated by PATP (121 degrees C and 700 MPa) for 0, 10, 20, and 30 s and by TP (121 degrees C) for 0, 10, 20, and 30 s. The concentrations of spores in treated samples were determined by plating (reference method). Models developed using partial least-squares regression (PLSR) for predicting spore levels in treated samples had correlation coefficients (r) of >0.99 and standard errors of cross-validation ranging between 100.2 and 100.5 CFU/mL. Changes in dipicolinic acid (DPA) and secondary structure of proteins were found to occur during inactivation of spores by PATP and TP. FT-IR spectroscopy could rapidly estimate viable bacterial spore levels in PATP- and TP-treated spore suspensions, providing an accurate analytical tool for monitoring the efficacy of sterilization techniques in inactivating spore-forming microorganisms.  相似文献   

13.
14.
Knowledge of thermal conductivity of granular materials under reduced air pressure can be utilized for studying intricate mechanisms of heat transfer in two‐phase systems. We measured the thermal conductivity of three soils of varied texture and two sets of glass beads (GB) under reduced air pressure using a twin heat probe. We also predicted the thermal conductivity of a two‐phase system at reduced air pressure from the modified Woodside & Messmer equation based on the kinetic theory of gases. This equation includes a thermal separation of solid particles (d) defined by the heat conduction. We compared this separation with the geometrical mean separation of solid particles (D). The results showed a linear relation between d and D for the GB, and in all cases d was smaller than D. This suggests that conductive heat transfer in two‐phase GB takes place mainly through air spaces the dimension of which is smaller than D. The d of a Red Yellow soil and an Ando soil, however, were about 200–300 times larger than D. This result seems to be related to the soil aggregation. We showed that in soil aggregates the conduction of heat through the solid was the dominant mode of heat transfer, and the micropores in a soil aggregate had very little effect on the diminished thermal conductivity under reduced air pressure. The decrease in the thermal conductivity of two‐phase soil under reduced air pressure is probably caused by the air molecules confined in interaggregate pore spaces rather than those in the intra‐aggregate pore spaces. The d of soils can be used to represent the thermal separation of the interaggregate pore spaces, and soil aggregates can be treated as single‐grained particles in evaluating heat conduction.  相似文献   

15.
16.
Pressure-assisted thermal processing (PATP) is being widely investigated for processing low acid foods. However, its microbial safety has not been well established and the mechanism of inactivation of pathogens and spores is not well understood. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy was used to study some of the biochemical changes in bacterial spores occurring during PATP and thermal processing (TP). Spore suspensions (approximately 10(9) CFU/mL of water) of Clostridium tyrobutyricum, Bacillus sphaericus, and three strains of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens were treated by PATP (121 degrees C and 700 MPa) for 0, 10, 20, and 30 s and TP (121 degrees C) for 0, 10, 20, and 30 s. Treated and untreated spore suspensions were analyzed using FT-IR in the mid-infrared region (4000-800 cm(-1)). Multivariate classification models based on soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA) were developed using second derivative-transformed spectra. The spores could be differentiated up to the strain level due to differences in their biochemical composition, especially dipicolinic acid (DPA) and secondary structure of proteins. During PATP changes in alpha-helix and beta-sheets of secondary protein were evident in the spectral regions 1655 and 1626 cm(-1), respectively. Infrared absorption bands from DPA (1281, 1378, 1440, and 1568 cm(-1)) decreased significantly during the initial stages of PATP, indicating release of DPA. During TP changes were evident in the bands associated with secondary proteins. DPA bands showed little or no change during TP. A correlation was found between the spore's Ca-DPA content and its resistance to PATP. FT-IR spectroscopy could classify different strains of bacterial spores and determine some of the changes occurring during spore inactivation by PATP and TP. Furthermore, this technique shows great promise for rapid screening PATP-resistant bacterial spores.  相似文献   

17.
Environmental manipulations can alter thermal regimes, upset the delicate adaptations of natural populations, and have adverse effects on the native biota. The resulting problems can be exacerbated by reducing 24-hourly oscillations, increasing potentiality for thermal shock, and causing reproduction to occur at adverse temperatures.  相似文献   

18.
降解地膜的热解特性及热动力学研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Developing degradable films is an important means for resolving the problem of film pollution; however, in recent years, there have been only few studies related to the thermal analysis of degradable plastic films. This research detailed the composition and pyrolysis of one kind of ordinary and three kinds of degradable plastic films using the differential thermal analysis (DTA) technique. The results showed that degradable films and ordinary film had similar DTA curves, which reflected their similar compositions; however, small differences were measured, which were due to the added constituents of the degradable films. The pyrolysis reaction orders of each film were about 0.93. The pyrolysis activation energies and pre-exponential factors followed the order of ordinary film 〉 photodegradable film 〉 photodegradable calcium carbonate film 〉 biodegradable film. The results of this research laid the foundation for new theories for harnessing soil pollution caused by plastic films.  相似文献   

19.
以不同小麦粉为材料制作面片,用动态热机械分析仪(Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analysis,DMTA)研究面片从20℃至-80℃和从-80℃至20℃的降温和升温过程中动态热机械性能,目的是探求冷冻面制品加工过程中的变化规律,冷冻面制品玻璃化转变温度及其影响因素.结果表明:不同小麦品种面片之间、同一小麦品种不同制粉细度面片之间、同一小麦粉不同加水量面片之间的降温和升温过程中的动态热机械性能均有差异,特别是玻璃化温度Tg′峰差异较大;在降温过程中,粗粉和细粉样品的玻璃化温度Tg′分别为-33.23和-39.90℃;高水分样品有两个连续的玻璃化温度Tg′峰,分别为-41.42和-42.97℃,低水分样品的玻璃化温度Tg′为-33.23℃;在升温过程中,细粉样品普冰143的玻璃化温度Tg′为2.40℃,细粉样品郑农973出现3个玻璃化温度Tg′峰,分别为-7.97、-6.41和10.31℃;粗粉样品的玻璃化温度Tg′为3.62℃,细粉样品有3个玻璃化温度Tg′峰,分别为-7.97、-6.41和10.31℃;高水分和低水分样品的玻璃化温度Tg′分别为-10.14和3.62℃.小麦粉冷冻面制品的冷冻加工温度应为其玻璃化温度,以保证冷冻面制品的质量,而不是现在普遍采用的-18℃.  相似文献   

20.
为了给房间提供热能而不消耗电力和常规能源,设计并制造了用于房屋取暖的太阳能热转换系统。该系统主要由太阳能集热器、卵石层和房间组成。太阳能集热器具有28根真空集热管,每根真空集热管的直径和长度分别为47 mm和1500 mm。在长4 m宽2.7 m的房间内铺设了150 mm厚的卵石层。卵石大小为50~100 mm。对由太阳能集热器热水自然循环加热的太阳能热转换系统卵石层的热特性进行了实验研究。测试了该系统不同单元的温度。结果表明,在考虑了每个测试单元热传递时间滞后的条件下,当系统的入口点和出口点的温度存在温差及卵石层和水泥地面存在温差时,该系统能够实现热能自然循环。证实了卵石层和地表面的水平温度分布均匀。卵石层储热周期为10 h、放热周期为24 h。以卵石层日平均温度与户外平均温度之间的差值为依据,计算出卵石层一日内的储热量约为49 MJ/d。  相似文献   

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