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1.
A series of 2-alkyl-7, 8-dihydro-3-hydroxynaphtho[1,2-c]chromen-6-ones was synthesised by the condensation of ethyl 3, 4-dihydro-1-oxonaphthalene-2-carboxylate with substituted phenols in the presence of POCl3. The compounds were characterised and tested for their toxicity towards the mycelial growth of seven phytopathogenic fungi in culture. Drechslera oryzae, Rhizoctonia solani and Colletotrichum falcatum exhibited maximum sensitivity to these compounds whereas Macro-phomina phaseolina, Fusarium solani, Alternaria alternata and Pythium aphanidermatum were less sensitive. 2-Ethyl-7, 8-dihydro-3-hydroxy-naphtho[1,2-c]chromen-6-ones possessed greatest toxicity with EC50 values ranging from 0.2 to 2.5 μg ml?1 against all fungi except A. alternata and P. aphanidermatum.  相似文献   

2.
Seven 6-alkyl-3-n-butyl-7-hydroxy-4-methylcoumarins and three other related substituted coumarins were synthesised, characterised and tested for their toxicity towards mycelial growth of seven phytopathogenic fungi in culture. Rhizoctonia solani, Alternaria alternate, and Drechslera oryzae exhibited maximum sensitivity to these compounds whereas Pythium aphanidermatum, Colletotrichum falcatum, Fusarium solani and Macro-phomina phaseolina were less sensitive. The 6-n-butyl and 6-n-pentyl derivatives possessed strongest toxicity towards all fungi except C. falcatum but the corresponding 6-n-propyl derivative was inhibitory to only D. oryzae and A. alternata.  相似文献   

3.
氯苯醚酰胺[N-(2-(2,4-二氯苯氧基)苯基)-3-(二氟甲基)-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-酰胺,Y13149]是由华中师范大学基于药效团连接碎片虚拟筛选策略(PFVS)快速发现的新型琥珀酸脱氢酶抑制剂类(SDHIs)化合物。采用菌丝生长速率法,测定了该创制化合物的农药生物活性。结果表明:氯苯醚酰胺对真菌具有较广的抗菌谱,对供试10种植物病原真菌均具有较好的抑制活性,EC50值在0.008~15.25 mg/L之间,其对立枯丝核菌的抑制活性最强,但对辣椒疫霉和链状腐霉活性较弱。田间试验表明,氯苯醚酰胺对水稻纹枯病具有较好的防治效果,有效剂量75 g/hm2时的平均防效为79.6%,其防效总体略好于噻呋酰胺(75 g/hm2的平均防效为77.3%)。此外,氯苯醚酰胺对采自浙江和江苏两省的125株水稻纹枯病菌的EC50值分布在0.002~0.259 mg/L之间,且呈近似正态单峰曲线,平均EC50值为(0.021 ±0.008) mg/L,因此可将其作为水稻纹枯病菌对氯苯醚酰胺的敏感性基线,用于田间抗药性监测。  相似文献   

4.
This work was undertaken to determine the effects ofTrichoderma spp. combined with label and sublabel rates of metam sodium on survival ofRhizoctonia solani in soil. Soils were infested with wheat bran preparations ofTrichoderma hamatum Tri-4,T. harzianum Th-58,T. virens Gl-3, andT. viride Ts-1-R3. Soil was also infested with sterile beet seeds that were colonized withR. solani. Beet seeds were later recovered, plated onto water agar plus antibiotics, and the growth ofR. solani was recorded. Preliminary experiments showed thatT. hamatum andT. virens reduced survival and saprophytic activity ofR. solani when the biocontrol fungi were incorporated into soil at 1.5% (w:w) or greater. Based on these data, biocontrol fungi in subsequent experiments were incorporated into soil at 2%. Metam sodium at label rate killed all biocontrol fungi andR. solani. At 1:2 and 1:5 dilutions, metam sodium reduced survival ofR. solani and allTrichoderma spp. When biocontrol fungi plus the label rate of metam sodium and 1:5, 1:10, 1:50 or 1:100 dilutions of the label rate were tested together, there were no interactions between any biocontrol agent and the fumigant with respect to colony diameter, reflecting that allTrichoderma isolates tested reacted similarly to increasing concentrations of metam sodium. At the label rate of metam sodium, allTrichoderma spp. significantly reduced colony diameter, but not growth rate, ofR. solani from beet seed. For the levels of metam sodium tested in combination withTrichoderma, it does not appear feasible to use a reduced rate of metam sodium to controlR. solani. However, the combination ofTrichoderma with metam sodium does reduce growth ofR. solani in comparison with that provided by metam sodium at the label rate. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Feb. 11, 2004.  相似文献   

5.
Fresh rhizomes of Zingiber officinale (ginger), when subjected to steam distillation, yielded ginger oil in which curcumene was found to be the major constituent. The thermally labile zingiberene‐rich fraction was obtained from its diethyl ether extract. Column chromatography of ginger oleoresin furnished a fraction from which [6]‐gingerol was obtained by preparative TLC. Naturally occurring [6]‐dehydroshogaol was synthesised following condensation of dehydrozingerone with hexanal, whereas zingerone and 3‐hydroxy‐1‐(4‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxyphenyl)butane were obtained by hydrogenation of dehydrozingerone with 10% Pd/C. The structures of the compounds were established by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and mass (EI‐MS and ES‐MS) spectral analysis. The test compounds exhibited moderate insect growth regulatory (IGR) and antifeedant activity against Spilosoma obliqua, and significant antifungal activity against Rhizoctonia solani. Among the various compounds, [6]‐dehydroshogaol exhibited maximum IGR activity (EC50 3.55 mg ml ?1) while dehydrozingerone imparted maximum antifungal activity (EC50 86.49 mg litre?1). © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

6.
Twelve 4-(substituted phenoxy)methyl-6-methyl coumarins were synthesised by the condensation of 4-chloromethyl-6-methyl coumarin with various phenols in the presence of potassium carbonate in dry acetone. The compounds were tested for their toxicity towards the mycelial growth of seven plant pathogenic fungi. Among the tested fungi, Pythium aphanidermatum, Colletotrichum falcatum, Drechslera oryzae, Alternaria alternata and Fusarium solani exhibited maximum sensitivity whereas Macrophomina phaseolina and Rhizoctonia solani were least sensitive to the test compounds. The 4-(4-tert-butylphenoxy)methyl and 4-(4-nitrophenoxy)methyl analogues possessed greatest toxicity towards the majority of the tested fungi.  相似文献   

7.
The toxic effects of permethrin and ten of its degradation products on the growth of ten fungi were determined. Permethrin was relativelynon-toxic, with an EC50 of > 100 mg litre?1 but six of the degradation products were significantly (P= 0.05) more inhibitory. The ester hydrolysis products, 3-phenoxybenzyl alcohol and 3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid, had EC50 values ranging from 8 to > 100 and 20 to > 50 mg litre?1, respectively. Other degradation products that were more toxic than permethrin included 3-phenoxybenzaldehyde and 3-phenoxybenzoic acid, with EC50 values as low as < 1 mg lite?1. Hydroxylated and substituted-benzene metabolites were non-toxic. Combinations of selected test compounds yielded both synergistic, antagonistic and additive interaction responses, depending upon the test system employed.  相似文献   

8.
The use of soil fumigants and fungicides to control soilborne pathogens is reduced due to awareness of their negative drawbacks. Long-term application of such agrochemicals negatively affects soil microbiota and reduces natural soil suppressiveness. We investigated long-term impacts of biochar and not-pyrogenic organic amendment (OAs: manure, alfalfa straw and glucose), on disease suppression compared with conventional management in three pathosystems: Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lactucae (FOL)–lettuce, Rhizoctonia solani–tomato and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum–lettuce, by conditioning soil for 2 years. Soil analyses included pH, electrical conductivity, organic carbon, total nitrogen, C:N ratio, N-NO3−, N-NH4+, cation exchange capacity, available phosphorus, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, Na+, fluorescein diacetate (FDA), and total and active limestone. Soil microbiota was characterized by combining BIOLOG EcoPlates with next-generation sequencing of 16S and 18S rRNA genes. Soil amended with OAs generally suppressed disease by S. sclerotiorum and FOL compared to fumigants and synthetic fertilizers. However, the incidence of R. solani infection was lower in soil treated with synthetic fertilizers than soil amended with OAs. EC, pH, C:N, N-NO3−, N-NH4+, FDA and BIOLOG were significantly correlated with disease, depending on pathosystem. Bacterial richness and diversity, presence of some genera like Acidobacteria, Chloracidobacteria, Solibacteres, Anaerolineae, Nitrospira and Deltaproteobacteria were negatively related to disease incidence of FOL and S. sclerotiorum, whereas damping-off caused by R. solani was negatively affected by the presence of Flavobacterium and Chitinofagha. Therefore, we concluded that long-term application of OAs can effectively improve soil suppressiveness and reduce disease incidence against root pathogens, although the effects vary considerably depending upon pathosystem.  相似文献   

9.
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of soil solarization on soilborne diseases, weeds and plant yields by using polyethylene film (30-μm-thick) containing different additives [ultraviolet (UV), ultraviolet + infrared (UV + IR), ultraviolet + infrared + anti-fog + anti-dust (UV + IR + AF + AD)], and used polyethylene film (260-μm-thick). Trials were conducted in commercial strawberry (Fragaria ananassa cv. ‘Camarosa’) fields in the town of Sultanhisar in Aydin province, Turkey, between 2007 and 2009. The highest soil temperatures at the depth of 10 cm under a polyethylene sheet containing UV + IR + AF + AD were 54°C in 2007 and 50.7°C in 2008. During the 2007 growing season, collapse and death of strawberry plants were not detected. At the end of the 2008 season (May–June), collapsed and dying strawberry plants were observed. Pure cultures of Macrophomina phaseolina and Rhizoctonia solani were isolated from affected roots and crowns of plants. Viability studies of M. phaseolina were conducted under various field conditions and temperatures and M. phaseolina sclerotia survived more than 18 days at 45°C. There was a sharp decline in M. phaseolina at 50°C, where it survived for 19 h but was completely killed at 20 h. It first lost viability after 17 h at 50°C and after 60 min at 55°C. In the field, solarization did not reduce the viability of M. phaseolina at a soil depth of 10 or 20 cm; however, a significant reduction (66%) in survival was determined at a soil depth of 5 cm. All treatments controlled Portulaca oleracea, Amaranthus spp., Digitaria sanguinalis, Echinochloa crus-galli, Veronica hederifolia, Raphanus raphanistrum, Setaria verticillata and Mercurialis annua at a rate of 100%, but no treatment was effective on Cyperus rotundus. The marketable fruit yield was 38,004 kg.ha−1 for UV + IR, 35,834 kg.ha−1 for UV-added polyethylene film and 35,368 kg.ha−1 for used polyethylene sheet-covered plots, whereas it was 27,365 kg.ha−1 for untreated control plots.  相似文献   

10.
Fusarium solani is one of the more important fungal pathogens involved in pre- and post-harvest decay of muskmelon fruit. Production of polygalacturonase (PG), by F. solani was studied in vitro and in vivo . The fungus produced at least 14 PG isozymes with pIs of 4.5 to 9.5 in shake culture using pectin as the sole carbon source. When glucose and pectin were used in combination as the carbon source, total PG activity decreased substantially as compared to pectin alone, suggesting that glucose may suppress PG production in vitro . Only one PG isozyme, designated as PG1, was detected in extracts from infected fruit tissue. PG1 from decayed fruit was purified to homogeneity by protein extraction, ultrafiltration, gel filtration chromatography, and cation exchange chromatography. The molecular weight of PG1 was estimated at 38 kDa based on SDS-PAGE with a pI of 9.5 according to IEF-PAGE. PG1 exhibited only endo-PG activity based on viscosity reduction and thin layer chromatography analysis of products released by enzymatic action. The optimum pH for PG1 activity was 6. TheKm and Vmaxof PG1 using polygalacturonic acid as the substrate were 1.34 mg ml-1and 0.30 unit μg protein-1, respectively. PG1 effectively macerated fruit tissue which suggests that it may play an important role in decay of muskmelon fruit caused by F. solani .  相似文献   

11.
Cyclization of 3‐aryl‐1‐(2‐hydroxyphenyl)prop‐2‐en‐1‐ones with hydrazine hydrate in refluxing formic acid afforded the title ligands, 5‐aryl‐1‐formyl‐4,5‐dihydro‐3‐(2‐hydroxyphenyl)‐1H‐pyrazoles (HL1–HL4, Ar = Ph, 4‐CH3O‐C6H4‐, 2‐furyl, 2‐thienyl). Reaction of HL1–HL4 with the divalent metal ions, Mn2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+, afforded novel complexes of the type [ML2] (M = metal ion; L = deprotonated ligand) which were characterized by elemental analyses, molecular weight determinations, molar conductances, magnetic moments and electronic and infrared spectral data. The ligands behaved as tridentate, coordinating through the phenolic oxygen after deprotonation, N‐2 of the pyrazole ring and oxygen of the 1‐formyl group. The ligands and their complexes were evaluated for growth‐inhibiting activity against four phytopathogenic fungi. Macrophomina phaseoli was generally most sensitive followed by Alternaria alternata and Colletotrichum falcatum while Fusarium oxysporum was least sensitive to the tested compounds. The ligand HL1 and its complexes showed the best activity against the fungi tested. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

12.
A polynucleate Rhizoctonia isolate (R3) was analysed for virulence, growth characteristics, enzyme production and presence of dsRNAs. Taxonomic position was assessed morphologically and by anastomosis group (AG) testing and ITS sequence analysis. Results indicated that R3 is a hypovirulent R. solani AG 4. Mechanisms underlying biocontrol towards virulent R. solani and Botrytis cinerea were investigated and plant-mediated resistance was followed using biochemical markers of defence (PR1, laminarinase, chitinase). Control apparently relies on spatial and nutrient competition in soil, and on systemic induced resistance. This is the first report on induction of systemic resistance and of defence markers by a hypovirulent strain of R. solani.  相似文献   

13.
分别以4株苦豆子内生真菌菌液浓缩物为诱导子，研究不同诱导时间下，各诱导子对苦豆子组培苗中氧化苦参碱（OMA）含量以及防御酶苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）、过氧化物酶（POD）、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（APX）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性的影响。结果显示：4种苦豆子内生真菌的菌液浓缩物均可提高宿主中OMA的积累，其中诱导效果最佳的是内生真菌诱导子XKYKDF40，在0~15 d诱导期间宿主中OMA含量持续增长且始终高于对照，在诱导第15 d达到最高，为3.616 mg·g-1，是同时期对照组的2.09倍。4种内生真菌诱导子还可诱发宿主中生物碱合成关键酶PAL和3种抗氧化酶（POD、APX和CAT）活性升高。诱导子XKYKDF40激发PAL活性的作用最佳，在诱导第6 d PAL活性达最大值，为61.92 U·g-1，是同时期对照组的1.42倍；与其他诱导子相比，诱导子XKZKDF27能够明显诱发POD的活性，在诱导第12 d达到最大值，为62.30 U·mg-1，是同时期对照组的2.70倍；诱导子XKZKDF11可诱导宿主中的APX和CAT活性大幅度提高，在诱导第12 d酶活性达到最高，分别为0.5538 U·mg-1和19.82 U·mg-1，是同时期对照组的4.97倍和3.00倍。结果表明，苦豆子内生真菌诱导子的加入不仅激活了宿主组培苗的防御性应答反应，还促进了OMA的合成。  相似文献   

14.
Early blight of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) caused by Alternaria solani has the potential to become one of the most serious diseases throughout the tomato‐producing regions of Greece. Controlled environment experiments were conducted to study the virulence of A. solani isolates and the susceptibility of commercial tomato cultivars and hybrids to early blight. The isolates used, derived from naturally infected tomato plants during the period 1997/1998, differed significantly (P>0.05) in the rate of mycelial growth as well as in their ability to sporulate in vitro. No correlation (R2= 0.33) was found between mycelial growth and conidia production. Isolates of A. solani were virulent to young tomato plants (cv. Ace 55VF), although they differed significantly (P>0.05) in the intensity of symptoms produced on leaves, stems, petioles and flowers. Defoliation was linearly related (R2= 0.87) to the percentage of leaf area with symptoms. Twenty‐three tomato cvs. or F1 hybrids were evaluated for their susceptibility to early blight. The cultivars or hybrids were arbitrarily categorized as immune, highly tolerant, tolerant, moderately tolerant, susceptible and highly susceptible based on a percent disease index range: 0%, 1‐9%, 10‐24%, 25‐49%, 50‐74% and 75% or more respectively. None of the cultivars or hybrids tested was immune or tolerant to A. solani infection.  相似文献   

15.
Endosulfan (Thiodan 3 EC), a mixture of α- and β-isomers, was sprayed on 92-day-old field-grown pepper and tomato at the recommended rate of 0·61 kg AI ha-1. Plant tissue samples were collected at 1 h to 14 days after application and analysed to determine the content and dissipation rate of endosulfan isomers (α- and β-endosulfan) and the major metabolite, endosulfan sulfate. Analysis of samples was accomplished using gas chromatography-mass selective detection (GC-MSD). The results indicated the formation of endosulfan sulfate as a residue component on the plant tissues and also the relatively higher persistence of the β-isomer as compared to the α-isomer on pepper fruits. The initial total residues (α- and β-endosulfan isomers plus endosulfan sulfate) were higher on leaves than on fruits. On pepper fruits, the α-isomer, which is the more toxic to mammals, dissipated faster than the less toxic β-isomer. Total residues (α- and β-endosulfan isomers plus the sulfate metabolite) on tomato leaves revealed longer persistence (t1/2 4·6 days) compared to the total residues detected on pepper leaves (t1/2 2·0 days) 3–14 days following spraying. Persistence of the β-isomer on pepper fruits was high 3–14 days following spraying compared to on tomato fruits. This long persistence increases risk of exposure of the consumer. In addition, the longer persistence of the total residues on tomato foliage should be considered of importance for timing the safe entry of tomato harvesters due to the high mammalian toxicity of endosulfan. © 1998 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

16.
以芝麻酚和芳香醛为主要原料,经傅-克酰基化、关环和羟醛缩合反应,设计合成了14个未见文献报道的橙酮类似物,其结构均经1H NMR、MS和IR确证。初步抑菌活性测定结果表明:在100 mg/L下,所有目标化合物对7种供试病原菌均有不同程度的抑制作用,其中化合物 3a、3b、3c和3d 对番茄灰霉病菌Botrytis cirerea的抑制率达到100%, 3g 对小麦赤霉病菌Fusarium graminearum、玉米弯孢叶斑病菌Curvulavia lunata、棉花枯萎病菌Fusarium oxysporum vasinfectum、水稻稻瘟病菌Magnaporthe grisea的抑制率均大于80%, 3m 对马铃薯干腐病菌Fusarium solani和玉米弯孢叶斑病菌的抑制率分别为100%和83.8%。  相似文献   

17.
The selective fungitoxic actions of prochloraz (an imidazole) and a triazole fungicide, quinconazole (3-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1 H- 1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)- 4(3H)-quinazolinone: II ), were studied with selected phytopathogenic fungi. With the exception of Ustilago maydis, all the fungi tested were more sensitive to prochloraz than to II. A number of DMI-resistant mutants of Penicillium digitatum and P. italicum showed positive cross-resistance to both DMIs, but except for P. italicum isolate H17, the levels of resistance to II were much higher than to prochloraz. The generally higher toxicity of prochloraz to the fungi investigated, as compared to II , could not be ascribed to the slightly higher accumulation of prochloraz. With regard to prochloraz, there was no general correlation between the sensitivity of the fungi tested and the amount of fungicide accumulated. A similar situation was evident for II. However, the DMI-resistant mutants of P. italicum did show a reduced accumulation of both azoles, which may account for a low level of acquired DMI-resistance in this fungus. Since accumulation levels of the test compounds in the isolates with different degrees of resistance were the same, additional mechanisms of resistance may be involved in isolates with relatively high degrees of DMI-resistance. No detectable amounts of fungicide metabolites were found in most fungi tested over a 16-hour incubation period. Therefore, fungal metabolism is not generally responsible for the differences in sensitivity between fungi to each azole tested. It also does not generally explain the differential toxicities of prochloraz and II to each individual species. The exception to this was Rhizoctonia solani which metabolized prochloraz to a non-fungitoxic compound. This correlated with its low prochloraz sensitivity.  相似文献   

18.
The effects of soil moisture (varying from 15% to 42% (v/v)) and sowing depth (1.5–6.0 cm) on the development of bean plants grown in sterile soil infested by the pathogen Rhizoctonia solani and its antagonist Trichoderma harzianum were studied under greenhouse conditions. The four possible combinations of soil infestation with both fungi were tested. Disease severity, percentage of plants emerged, plant height and dry weight were evaluated 3 weeks after sowing. Emergence rate and growth of plants inoculated only with R. solani were not affected by soil moisture, but in the presence of both fungi, plant emergence, plant height and dry weight significantly decreased when soil moisture diminished. Deep sowing significantly reduced the emergence rate and growth of those plants that were inoculated with R. solani only. However, when the soil was infested with both fungi, the effect of sowing depth was not significant. At a sowing depth of 6.0 cm, the percentage of plants emerged was 50% in the presence of T. harzianum, but only 6.7% when the pathogen was inoculated alone. The antagonist protected bean seedlings from pre-emergence damping-off, reduced disease severity and increased plant growth in the presence of R. solani, especially in moist soil.  相似文献   

19.
No correlation was found between the chitosan or Fusarium solani-induced disease resistance responses in pea pod tissue and fluctuations in [Ca2+], inhibition of calmodulin, blockage of Ca2+ channels or host membrane leakage. Addition of exogenous Ca2+ 3 h before or after chitosan or F. solani treatments of pea pod tissue failed to alter the host response within 6 h, the time when the host actively resists both the compatible (F. solani f. sp. pisi) and incompatible (F. solani f. sp. phaseoli) macroconidia. Additionally, Ca2+ applied exogenously 3 h before or after chitosan significantly altered the level of UV-absorbing material released from the host tissue; however, it failed to affect the chitosan's ability to elicit phytoalexin formation by 24 h. Addition of exogenous Ca2+ 3 h before or after inoculation with either the compatible (f. sp. pisi) or incompatible (f. sp. phaseoli) fungi did not significantly change the host response by 24 h. The addition of EGTA or Ca2+ channel antagonists with the chitosan treatments also failed to significantly alter the chitosan-induced host response, thereby suggesting that chitosan probably does not function in the pea system by causing a Ca2+ influx into the host tissue which might then activate the host's resistance response. Inhibition of calmodulin related activities by calmidazolium failed to inhibit the chitosan or fungal induced host response. These results suggest that the response(s) induced in pea pod tissue by chitosan treatment or fungal inoculation may not be mediated by Ca2+, calmodulin or membrane leakage.  相似文献   

20.
Fluxapyroxad,3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-N-(3’,4’,5’-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl) pyrazole-4-carboxamide (C18H12F5N3O, Fig. 1), is a SDHI fungicide, which is a new active ingredient that interferes with succinate ubiquinone reductase in the electron transport chain of fungi. Between 2008 and 2010, a total of 128 isolates of Rhizoctonia solani from Anhui Province of China were characterized for the baseline sensitivity to fluxapyroxad. The isolates collected between 2008 and 2010 all showed similar sensitivity to fluxapyroxad. Baseline sensitivity was distributed as unimodal curves with an average EC50 value of 0.054?±?0.014 μg ml?1. However, EC50 values of boscalid for inhibition of mycelial growth of R. solani isolates ranged from 1.89 to 2.68 μg/ml and the average (±SE) EC50 value was 2.212?±?0.228 μg/ml, indicating that the R. solani isolates were less sensitive to boscalid than that of fluxapyroxad. Fluxapyroxad exhibited excellent protective and curative activity against rice sheath blight and provided 82.6–94.2 % protective or curative control efficacy. In field trials, control efficacy of fluxapyroxad at 100 g a.i/ha 15 days and 30 day after second application was 83.4–88.0 %, suggesting excellent activity against sheath blight. Control efficacy of boscalid at a dosage of 600 g a.i/ha 15 days and 30 day after second application was about 51.7–57.0 %. There was a significant difference in the efficacy between fluxapyroxad and boscalid or jinggangmycin. These results suggested that fluxapyroxad is a good alternative fungicide to jinggangmycin for the control of rice sheath blight.  相似文献   

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