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植物有效成分提取工艺及其对细菌性奶牛乳房炎的治疗作用机制研究进展 《畜牧与饲料科学》2021,42(6):115-123
利用植物提取物防治奶牛乳房炎符合“减抗、限抗”的国家要求和行业趋势。总结了植物有效成分常用的提取方法,介绍了细菌性乳房炎的发生机理,综述了植物有效成分的抑菌机制以及抗炎和免疫调节机制,以期为兽医临床奶牛乳房炎治疗药物的选择提供新思路。 相似文献
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Ollis GW Schoonderwoerd M Schipper C 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1991,32(4):227-231
A case-control study was undertaken during the summer of 1989 in central Alberta dairy herds to identify independent predictors of nocardial mastitis. Thirty-seven herds with nocardial mastitis were matched with control herds based on herd size, milk production, and enrolment in Alberta Dairy Herd Improvement Services. Control herds were considered free of nocardial mastitis based on negative cultures of four weekly bulk tank milk samples and one composite milk sample collected during the same period from each lactating cow in the herd. A detailed questionnaire on herd management was completed during farm visits. The use of blanket dry cow therapy was not found to be a risk factor for nocardial mastitis. Dry cow therapy with intramammary products containing neomycin and the use of multidose vials of dry cow medications were the only predisposing factors identified as being significantly associated with nocardial mastitis in central Alberta dairy herds. Use of neomycin as a dry cow therapy increased the odds of nocardial mastitis occurring in these dairy herds by 169 times. 相似文献
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Cephalonium is a second generation cephalosporin.It is effective to prevent and treat mastitis during dry period.It has a broad antibacterial spectrum,strong bactericidal activity,less allergic reactions and low toxicity,and so on,especially showing a good antibacterial activity to Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococus.In this paper,the physical and chemical properties,pharmacokinetic,pharmacology and toxicology,residue and withdrawal periods,application in the prevention and treatment of mastitis in dairy cows,and the prospect of the development of cephalonium were investigated and reviewed. 相似文献
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Kentaro Nagaoka Haolin Zhang Masahiro Arakuni Kazuyoshi Taya Gen Watanabe 《Animal Science Journal》2014,85(12):976-980
In the mouse, L‐amino acid oxidase (LAO) produces hydrogen peroxide by utilizing free amino acids and is a proven antibacterial factor in mammary glands. Mastitis, a bacterial infection of the mammary gland, is the most frequent disease in dairy cattle. Here, we investigate whether LAO is expressed in the mammary gland of dairy cattle and is antibacterial. In dairy cattle, the expression level of LAO mRNA in the mammary gland was considerably lower than that in mice, and LAO activity was not observed in cattle milk that produced hydrogen peroxide. The expression of LAO mRNA was also low in Japanese Black cattle, the same as in Holstein cattle. A higher LAO mRNA expression was observed in the mastitis glands than in the lactating glands. Furthermore, spleen and lymph nodes expressed high levels of LAO mRNA in dairy cattle. We conclude that mammary glands in dairy cattle have lower ability to express the LAO gene compared to that in mice, which may result in a high incidence of mastitis. 相似文献
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目的 为研究中草药对奶牛乳房炎主要致病菌体外抑菌效果。方法 试验选取金银花等10 味中草药,采用试管二倍稀释法测定其对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和无乳链球菌的最低抑菌浓度（MIC）。结果 中草药对主要致病菌有不同程度的抑菌效果。连翘对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌效果最好,MIC为15.63 mg/mL;板蓝根、蒲公英和黄芩对大肠杆菌抑菌效果最好,MIC为62.5 mg/mL;紫花丁对无乳链球菌抑菌效果最好,MIC为15.63 mg/mL。结论 试验为临床研制乳房炎中草药制剂提供了技术参考。 相似文献
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奶牛乳房炎是造成奶牛养殖业巨大经济损失的疾病,金黄色葡萄球菌是导致奶牛乳房炎感染的主要致病菌之一。以生物被膜的群落形式存在的金黄色葡萄球菌,更易逃避宿主免疫系统、降低药物敏感性,从而导致奶牛乳房炎反复发作,最终形成顽固性乳房炎。研究显示,天然抗生物被膜物质对金黄色葡萄球菌生物被膜的抑制作用明显,可作为新的抗菌药物应用于奶牛乳房炎的防治。对金黄色葡萄球菌生物被膜耐药机制和天然抗金黄色葡萄球菌生物被膜物质的最新研究进展进行了概述,以期对防治金黄色葡萄球菌导致的奶牛乳房炎提供参考。 相似文献
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奶牛乳房炎制约了奶牛养殖业的快速发展,目前奶牛乳房炎的预防与治疗主要依靠抗生素,抗生素的滥用和乱用对人、动物、生态环境的危害越发严峻,寻找安全有效的防治措施尤为重要。中草药及其提取物具有良好的抗菌、消炎等功效,且安全、绿色、无残留,能有效抑制病原菌,缓解炎症反应,改善泌乳功能,成为防治奶牛乳房炎的热点课题。因此,本文对中草药饲料添加剂对奶牛乳房炎的影响研究进展进行综述,为中草药及其提取物的开发利用、奶牛乳房炎防治提供可行的参考依据。
[关键词] 中草药|提取物|奶牛乳房炎|抗生素|饲料添加剂 相似文献
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利福昔明对奶牛乳房炎常见病原菌的体外抗菌活性试验 《畜牧与饲料科学》2016,37(5):45-45
旨在测定利福昔明对奶牛乳房炎常见病原菌的体外抗菌活性。采用琼脂二倍稀释法测定利福昔明对奶牛乳房炎常见病原菌大肠杆菌、葡萄球菌和链球菌的最小抑菌浓度（MIC）。结果显示,利福昔明对19株大肠杆菌的MIC值为8~16μg/m L,对25株葡萄球菌的MIC值为0.002~0.06μg/m L,对18株链球菌的MIC值为0.06~2μg/m L。大部分临床分离菌的MIC值与标准菌的相近,表明分离菌株对利福昔明较为敏感,提示利福昔明对奶牛乳房炎常见病原菌具有较强的体外抗菌活性。 相似文献
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Good udder health is not only important for the dairy farmer but, because of increasing interest of consumers in the way dairy products are produced, also for the dairy production chain as a whole. An important role of veterinarians is in advising on production diseases such as mastitis. A large part of this advice is given around the planning of management to maintain or improve the udder health status of a farm. Mastitis is a costly disease, due to losses (a reduction of output due to mastitis) and expenditure (additional inputs to reduce the level of mastitis). Worldwide, published estimates of the economic losses of clinical mastitis range from ?1 to ?7 per cow on a farm, with large differences between farms, e.g. in The Netherlands, losses due to clinical and subclinical mastitis varied between ?7 and ?98 per cow per year. Moreover, farmers tended to underestimate these costs. This indicates that for a large proportion of farms there are many avoidable losses. In order to provide good support to farmers' decision-making, it is important to describe the mastitis setting not only in terms of disease, e.g. incidence of clinical mastitis, but also in monetary terms; and to make good decisions, it is necessary to provide the dairy farmer with information on the additional expenditure and reduced losses associated with alternative decisions. Six out of 18 preventive measures were shown to have a positive nett benefit, viz blanket use of dry-cow therapy, keeping cows standing after milking, back-flushing of the milk cluster after milking a cow with clinical mastitis, application of a treatment protocol, washing dirty udders, and the use of milkers' gloves. For those measures that included a large amount of routine labour or investment, the reduced losses did not outweigh the additional expenditure. The advisor cannot expect that measures that are cost-effective are always implemented. Reasons for this are the objectives of the dairy farmer can be other than maximisation of profit, resources to improve the mastitis situation compete with other fields of management, risk involved with the decision, economic behaviour of the dairy farmer, and valuation of the cost factors by the dairy farmer. For all decision-makers this means that, although financial incentives do have an effect on the management of mastitis, it is not always sufficient to show the economic benefits of improved management to induce an improvement of management of mastitis. 相似文献
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奶牛乳房炎是奶牛养殖业中的重要疾病,可降低产奶量和乳品质,增加治疗和预防成本,给牧场带来经济损失。病因多样,包括细菌、病毒和支原体等病原体均可引起传染性乳房炎。临床症状复杂,需要特定实验室方法进行准确诊断。奶牛乳房炎传统方法诊断准确性低,分子生物学检测发展前景大,基于微生物培养试剂盒和环介导等技术有望提高奶牛乳房炎诊断准确性和治疗精准度。治疗方面,抗生素类药物是常用的方法,但容易引起细菌耐药性和药物残留问题,需要开发新型药物用于奶牛乳房炎治疗。近年的研究显示,噬菌体有望作为替代品治疗奶牛乳房炎,部分植物及其衍生物具有抗菌作用,天然分泌因子如乳铁蛋白和磷脂酶A2也具有治疗潜力,但仍需深入研究。 相似文献
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中药治疗奶牛乳房炎的研究现状与展望 总被引：26，自引：1，他引：26
综述了中药治疗奶牛乳房炎的临床应用、机理和特点,认为中药治疗奶牛乳房炎采用辨证施治方法,毒副作用小且不易产生耐药性;指出了中药治疗奶牛乳房炎存在的问题,主要是基础研究薄弱、生产工艺落后、无固定标准、药品质量难以保证等.由于中药治疗奶牛乳房炎疗效确实,因而潜力巨大. 相似文献
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: Factors relating to the occurrence of mastitis were studied on 12 Irish dairy herds with histories of elevated somatic cell count (SCC) and/or increased incidence of clinical mastitis cases. Milk recording data were analysed, housing conditions and calving areas were examined; dry cow therapy, clinical mastitis records, milking technique and aspects of milking machine function were assessed.Herds with a ratio of less than 110 cubicles per 100 cows were more likely to experience environmental mastitis. Herds with inadequate calving facilities, where cows spent prolonged periods on straw bedding, were likely to acquire environmental mastitis. In the majority of the herds, the selection of dry cow therapy lacked adequate planning. The majority of farmers took no action to reduce pain experienced by cows suffering mastitis. Deficiencies in parlour hygiene were evident in all herds experiencing elevation in SCC. 相似文献
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S Pyörälä 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2008,43(S2):252-259
Transition from the dry period to lactation is a high risk period for the modern dairy cow. The biggest challenge at that time is mastitis. Environmental bacteria are the most problematic pathogens around parturition. Coliforms are able to cause severe infections in multiparous cows, and heifers are likely to be infected with coagulase-negative staphylococci. During the periparturient period, hormonal and other factors make the dairy cows more or less immunocompromised. A successful mastitis control programme is focused on the management of dry and calving cows and heifers. Clean and comfortable environment, proper feeding and adequate supplementation of the diet with vitamins and trace elements are essential for maintaining good udder health. Strategies which would enhance closure of the teat canal in the beginning of the dry period and would protect teat end from bacteria until the keratin plug has formed decrease the risk for mastitis after calving. Dry cow therapy has been used with considerable success. Yet, a selective approach could be recommended rather than blanket therapy. Non-antibiotic approaches can be useful tools to prevent new infections during the dry period, in herds where the risk for environmental mastitis is high. Vaccination has been suggested as a means to support the immune defence of the dairy cow around parturition. In some countries, implementation of Escherichia coli core antigen vaccine has reduced the incidence of severe coliform mastitis after calving. 相似文献
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奶牛乳房炎是一种常见疾病,对动物福利和奶牛场的经济效益产生不利影响.患有乳房炎的奶牛,尤其是金葡菌乳房炎的奶牛,其牛奶产量和品质大幅下降,严重的还会导致奶牛丧失生产能力.目前,奶牛乳房炎相关的研究已成为畜牧业的重点课题.本文综述和分析了近几年奶牛乳房炎及奶牛金葡菌乳房炎的主要研究领域和现状,主要对其抗病遗传育种在转录组... 相似文献
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中草药对奶牛乳房炎致病菌的体外抑菌效果 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
选择常用6味中草药煎剂及中药复方制剂,采用试管二倍稀释法,对所分离的3种致病菌进行抑菌试验,并测定了最小抑菌浓度（MIC）和最小杀菌浓度（MBC）. 体外抑菌试验结果表明：鱼腥草对大肠杆菌有较强的抑菌活性,MIC为62.5 g/L.野菊花、连翘、金银花对金黄色葡萄球菌有较强的抑菌活性,MIC分别为15.7、31.3和31.3 g/L.金银花、连翘对无乳链球菌有较强的抑菌活性,MIC为15.7和31.3 g/L.而复方中金银花＋野菊花＋连翘相对其它4个组方对3种致病菌都有较强的抑菌活性. 相似文献
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Geoffrey Truchetti émile Bouchard Luc DesC?teaux Daniel Scholl Jean-Philippe Roy 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》2014,78(1):31-37
Few studies have investigated the efficacy of extended ceftiofur therapy and none have focused on extended therapy for naturally occurring clinical mastitis. The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of extended intramammary ceftiofur therapy of 8 d duration with a standard 2-day regimen for the treatment of naturally occurring mild to moderate clinical mastitis in lactating dairy cows. Holstein cows from 22 dairy herds (n = 241) were randomly allocated to the 2 treatment groups. For each case of mastitis, 125 mg of ceftiofur hydrochloride was administered intramammary once a day for 2 or 8 d. Clinical cure, 21 d after the last treatment, was 89% (98/110) in each group. Bacteriological cure 21 d after the last treatment for the 2- and 8-day regimens were 32% (15/47) and 61% (25/41), respectively, for all bacteria (P = 0.007), 64% (9/14) and 82% (9/11), respectively, for streptococci (P = 0.50), and 0% (0/20) and 47% (9/19), respectively, for Staphylococcus aureus (P = 0.0004). There were no statistical differences between groups for new intramammary infections. Overall, ceftiofur extended therapy increased cure when compared to a 2-day regimen for the treatment of naturally occurring mild to moderate clinical mastitis in lactating dairy cows. 相似文献
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奶牛乳房炎的研究进展及防控措施 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
奶牛乳房炎的研究进展及防控措施 《畜牧与饲料科学》2019,40(12):102-107
奶牛乳房炎发病率高且危害大,在奶牛养殖中属于常见疾病。该病主要是由于病原微生物入侵奶牛乳腺组织而引发的局部炎症,其不仅会造成奶牛产奶量降低,而且还会影响牛奶的品质。由于治疗过程中的兽药残留和由某些病原微生物感染引起的奶牛乳房炎治愈率低等问题,奶牛乳房炎的防治显得极为重要。从病原菌的种类、致病机理以及诊断方法和防控措施等方面介绍了奶牛乳房炎的研究进展,以期为奶牛乳房炎的科学防治提供参考。 相似文献