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文章以2018年大田作物、蔬菜、经济作物、果树等作物耕种土地面积、养分需求、经济产量和畜禽粪污养分猪当量等参数为基础,估算出了不同(N、P)折算标准下耕作土地畜禽粪污承载力及盈亏。结果显示:2018年畜禽存栏约309.70万猪单位;作物总耕作面积约354.90千公顷,以粪肥占比30%计,畜禽粪肥N、P养分需求量分别为25538.62吨、4993.39吨;以氮为折算标准,土地承载力约为364.84万猪单位,盈余55.14万猪单位,盈余占比17.80%;以磷为折算标准,承载力达416.12万猪单位,盈余106.42万猪单位,盈余占比34.36%。 相似文献
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《江西畜牧兽医杂志》2019,(4)
以2018年大田作物、蔬菜、经济作物、果树等作物耕种土地面积、养分需求、经济产量和畜禽粪污养分猪当量等参数为基础,估算出了不同(N、P)折算标准下耕作土地畜禽粪污承载力及盈亏。结果显示:2018年畜禽存栏约309.70万猪单位;当作物养分完全由粪肥提供,粪肥N、P养分需求量分别为85 128.73、16 644.63t;以氮为折算标准,土地承载力约为1 216.12万猪单位,盈余906.42万猪单位,盈余占比74.53%;以磷为折算标准,承载力达1 387.05万猪单位,盈余1 077.35万猪单位,盈余占比77.67%。 相似文献
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枣庄市畜禽粪污土地承载潜力及畜禽粪便环境污染预警分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《家畜生态学报》2021,42(7)
为制定枣庄市畜牧业规划,优化养殖布局,促进畜禽粪污资源化利用,依据种养业统计数据,对山东省枣庄市的畜禽粪污土地承载力、土地承载潜力进行了测算,并就畜禽粪便环境污染预警进行了分析。结果表明:枣庄市2018年畜禽日平均存栏猪当量为182.65万头,在施肥供给养分占35%、粪肥占施肥比例50%、按磷养分测算畜禽粪污土地承载力为834.56万头猪当量,仍有651.91万头猪当量的发展空间,畜禽养殖土地承载潜力为78.11%,畜禽粪便氮、磷对环境污染的预警值分别为0.21和0.38,对环境无污染,说明全市养殖业还有较大的发展潜力。但是市中区畜禽养殖土地承载潜力较低,只有51.00%,畜禽粪便氮、磷环境污染预警值分别为0.52、0.93,对环境"稍有"和"有"污染;其余区(市)畜禽养殖土地承载潜力在62.61%到82.55%之间,对环境"无"或"稍有"影响。说明枣庄市各区之间养殖情况发展不均衡,在进行养殖规划时应区别对待。 相似文献
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本文根据畜牧业和种植业统计数据,估算了青岛市2016年畜禽粪便负荷量和土地承载能力,并对由此产生的环境效应进行了评价,以期为青岛市畜牧业布局调整、粪便资源化利用等决策提供科学依据。结果表明:2016年青岛市畜禽粪便排放量为646.98万t,农田畜禽粪便负荷量为9.32 t/hm~2,氮、磷负荷量分别为54.91t/hm~2、21.00 kg/hm~2;畜禽粪便氮环境污染预警值0.33,磷预警值0.30;畜禽养殖土地承载力以氮、磷计分别为1 092.63、1 251.68万头猪当量,即较现有养殖量分别还有32.41%、44.83%的承载空间。 相似文献
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为评价雅安市畜禽养殖业污染情况,根据2020年雅安市各区县畜禽饲养量和各类畜禽排泄系数估算粪便产生量,计算总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)土地承载力,评估粪便污染风险。结果显示：(1)雅安市畜禽废弃物资源较少,2020年畜禽粪便年产生量是258.87万t,折合猪粪当量是239.59万t,农用地TN负荷80.22 kg/hm2,TP负荷是18.25 kg/hm2,农用地猪粪当量负荷是0.30 kg/hm2,总体评价是Ⅰ,表明现阶段的畜禽粪便对环境的影响较小;(2)雅安市各区县中,雨城区和汉源县的畜禽粪便TN负荷超过170 kg/hm2的限制,雨城区和汉源县的畜禽粪便TP负荷超过35 kg/hm2的限制;(3)以耕地、园地和草地为主要的消纳途径,雨城区的畜禽粪便污染物对环境有风险;汉源县和天全县的畜禽粪便污染物对环境稍有风险。 相似文献
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对甘肃省张掖市畜禽粪便污染物产生量及粪污农田承载力进行分析评价,旨在为以张掖为典型代表的甘肃河西走廊寒旱农业区畜禽养殖污染治理提供思路与对策。采用2017年张掖市统计年鉴数据,参照国内研究相关参数,估算张掖市畜禽粪便年产生量及其污染物产量,并对畜禽粪便农田承载力进行评价。结果表明:2017年张掖市畜禽粪便产生量达1 156.95万t,畜禽粪便产生的CODcr、BOD5、NH3-N、TN、TP分别为21.25万t、16.19万t、2.19万t、6.81万t、1.58万t,合计48.02万t;畜禽粪便猪当量负荷量平均33.28 t/(hm^2·a),污染风险指数平均0.74,对周围环境构成了一定污染风险。 相似文献
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畜禽养殖粪污不仅是农业生产的重要有机肥料来源,也是农业面源污染的源头之一。通过收集整理恩施州2016年畜禽养殖数量资料,计算了恩施州畜禽粪污氮、磷养分供给量和区域植物N、P养分需求量,分析了恩施州的N、P负荷量及评价分值。结果表明:恩施州2016年粪肥N、P养分供给量分别为28 553.26 t和8 094.51 t,区域植物N、P养分需求量分别为57 236.44 t和11 560.55 t,恩施州N、P负荷量分别为92.26 kg/hm^2和26.15 kg/hm^2,N、P负荷评价分值分别为0.54和0.75。 相似文献
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为确定江苏省连云港市东海县畜禽适宜养殖量,本研究基于氮平衡分析畜禽土地承载力。结果表明:2015年,东海县全年农作物氮养分需求量、猪粪氮当量、化肥施用量(以氮计)分别为4.39万、2.52万、4.44万t,可见东海县具有足够的畜禽粪污消纳能力和较大的降低化肥施用潜力。以氮养分计,东海县畜禽养殖承载潜力为199万头猪当量,还有77万头猪当量的盈余。不同乡镇存在较大差异,山左口、双店、石梁河等3个乡镇稍有超载,应适当调减养殖量;牛山街道和石榴街道2个乡镇靠近城区,禁养区、限养区面积较大,应逐步减少养殖量;黄川、桃林、安峰、白塔埠等4个乡镇尚有一定的发展空间,可维持现有养殖量或适当扩大养殖量;其余乡镇发展潜力较大,东海县畜禽养殖应逐步由养殖密集区域向这些乡镇转移。 相似文献
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依据2010年海南省畜禽养殖数据,采用排污系数法估算了畜禽粪尿排泄量,同时结合农地面积,分析评价了海南省农地畜禽粪便承载力现状,并计算了海南省畜禽养殖环境容量。结果表明,2010年海南省以猪粪当量计的农地土壤畜禽粪便负荷量平均值为10.33 t/hm2,农地畜禽粪便承载力的预警值平均值为0.20,级别为Ⅰ级,对环境无污染风险,但海口市和东方市预警值分别为0.51和0.45,对环境稍有污染;2010年海南省最大畜禽饲养容量为5237.35万头猪标准动物,剩余饲养容量为2643.17万头猪标准动物,但海口市和东方市已超出当地最大畜禽饲养容量,应适当控制畜禽饲养规模。 相似文献
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中山市畜禽粪便污染负荷及风险评价研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为评价中山市畜禽粪便排放量的环境风险,采用排泄系数估算法计算了2011年中山市各镇区畜禽的粪便产生量,并计算了耕地畜禽粪便最大负荷量,运用耕地畜禽粪便承载预警值对畜禽养殖进行环境风险评价。结果表明：2011年中山市畜禽粪便产生量为40.72×104 t,尿液37.67×104 t,折合BOD5 3.67×104 t,COD 4.13×104 t,NH3 N 0.62×104 t。中山市耕地畜禽粪便承载量为16.47 t/ hm2,畜禽粪便承载预警值平均为0.5,总体预警级别为Ⅱ级,对环境“稍有影响”。中山市各镇区土地的畜禽粪便承载量存在差异,有必要制订各镇区的养殖业发展规划及其畜禽废弃物综合治理方案。 相似文献
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Estimation of nitrogen and phosphorus flows in livestock production in Dianchi Lake basin,China 
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下载免费PDF全文 Hiroki Anzai Lin Wang Kazato Oishi Chagan Irbis Kunzhi Li Hajime Kumagai Tatsuya Inamura Hiroyuki Hirooka 《Animal Science Journal》2016,87(1):37-45
We assessed the nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) flows in intensified livestock production systems by investigating nutrient budgets and cycling in the basin of Dianchi Lake, one of the most eutrophic lakes in China. We conducted field surveys based on feed samplings and interviews of livestock farmers. The N and P in local and external feeds, animal body retentions, animal products and excretions were calculated at the individual level for dairy cattle, fattening pigs, breeding sows, broilers and laying hens. The N and P flows in the total livestock production system in the area were estimated by multiplying the individual N and P budgets by the number of animals. For the dairy and fattening pig productions, N and P supplied from local crops or by‐products accounted for large parts of the inputs. For the other livestock categories, most of the N and P inputs depended on external resources. The N and P outputs through animal manure into the cropland were 287 and 66 kg/ha/year, respectively, which were higher than the N and P inputs into the livestock production systems from the cropland. The N and P loads from manure should be reduced for the establishment of sustainable agricultural production systems. 相似文献
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In the European Union, groundwater should contain less than 50 mg of nitrate/L. Individual countries have developed alternative strategies for phosphorus (P). In The Netherlands, regulations based on P limited the amount of manure applied per hectare. A more balanced P supply to the land has been achieved by transport of manure from surplus to deficit regions. Costs of processing of manure to pellets appeared to be (too) high. In animal production experiments, lowering the P content of concentrates and mineral supplements reduced P losses without an adverse effect on production. In addition to the European guideline for nitrate, ammonia volatilization should be reduced by 50 to 70%. Management practices for reducing nitrogen (N) losses were studied with a farm model, developed at PR. A combination of a more efficient use of fertilizer N, restricted grazing, and a more balanced diet, and, to a lesser extent, higher milk production per cow resulted in considerable reductions in nitrate leaching. The application of slurry by injection diminishes the ammonia volatilization at farm level by almost 50%. This technique has become obligatory, and is only allowed during the growing season. Other techniques, like low emission housing and covering of slurry storage have relatively high costs. Starting in 1998, farmers have to keep a record of nutrients on a balance sheet. A tax will be imposed on surpluses of N and P. This new instrument replaces the regulations based on P. To further improve efficiency of use of N and P, farmers have the nutrient balance sheet available as an integrated management tool. Urea content in bulk milk has been introduced as a new indicator for the utilization of N in the diet. Also, fertilizer applications are improved. Furthermore, an experimental farm was set up to integrate all available expertise and analyze the resulting nutrient flows and farm performance. 相似文献
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《The Journal of Applied Poultry Research》2005,14(2):393-405
Nutrient management is an integral part of profitable agrisystems, but in some areas of the United States, continued applications of fertilizer and manure nutrients in excess of crop requirements have led to a buildup of nutrient concentrations that are of environmental concern. Proper use of nutrients in livestock manures is becoming more critical for sustainability of concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFO) because new environmental regulations require that nutrients be properly applied and managed. Losses of nutrients, such as N and P can be reduced by refining the rations fed, increasing nutrient retention by livestock, moving manures from areas of surplus to deficiency, finding alternative uses for manure, using cropping and haying systems that remove excess nutrients, and using conservation practices, such as limited tillage, buffer strips, and cover crops to limit runoff and leaching. Whole farm nutrient balances are useful for educating producers about quantities of nutrients being managed and the flow of nutrients, but they can also be misleading because of spatial factors, such as uneven nutrient application that introduce environmental risks that may not be noted with a whole-farm nutrient balance. Manure utilization plans also need to deal with nutrients that potentially leave the field or production area in route to sensitive ecosystems. 相似文献
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畜禽粪污资源化利用应坚持“源头减量、过程控制、末端利用”的路径,推广“畜 果（田）、畜 沼 果、畜+有机肥”等资源化利用模式,完善“责任靠实到人、场户清理记录、乡镇畜牧站排查、县动物卫生服务中心督导检查”的县、乡、场（户）三级工治工作机制,提高畜禽粪污利用效率。 相似文献
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根据青岛市畜牧业和种植业实际情况,测算了该市畜禽粪污土地承载力,分析了青岛市畜禽粪便资源化利用存在的主要问题,提出了合理规划产业布局、发展种养结合、完善财政投入和补贴机制、发展专业化服务组织、加快技术研发和示范推广及完善信息化监管手段等方面的对策建议,以期为优化调整畜牧业布局、促进种养结合、推进畜禽粪污资源化利用、引导畜牧业绿色发展提供理论依据。 相似文献