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1.
树高曲线在森林经营和收获调整中有着重要的作用,建立适用于云南省主要针叶树种的树高曲线模型,为其森林经营提供参考。基于云南省两期森林资源连续清查数据,以冷杉、思茅松、云南松、华山松和杉木作为研究对象,选用Richards等15种树高曲线模型作为备选模型,以决定系数(R~2)、均方根误差(RMSE)、平均绝对误差(MAE)、总体相对误差(TRE)和平均预估误差(MPE)作为模型拟合效果的评价指标。结果表明:Hossfeld方程能较好地描述冷杉和杉木的树高曲线,双曲线方程能较好地描述云南松和华山松的树高曲线,Wykoff方程能较好地描述思茅松的树高曲线;云南松最优树高曲线模型决定系数为0.676,其它针叶树种决定系数均大于0.710。独立样本数据检验表明,各树种最优树高曲线模型均有较好的适用性,对云南省主要针叶树种树高有较好的预测效果。 相似文献
2.
《山西林业科技》2017,(4)
为了了解太岳林区华北落叶松人工林的生长动态,为华北落叶松的科学经营管理提供技术参考和理论依据,笔者对太岳林局七里峪林场华北落叶松人工林解析木进行了研究,分析了华北落叶松的生长过程,建立华北落叶松人工林树高、胸径、材积的生长模型。结果表明,适合胸径生长过程的最优模型为Korf方程,适合树高、材积生长过程的最优模型为Richards方程,决定系数R2值均大于0.99.华北落叶松胸径的连年生长量在第9 a达到最大值0.95 cm,连年生长量曲线与平均生长量曲线相交在第17 a.树高连年生长量在第9年达到了最大值,9 a~12 a连年高生长量相同,连年生长量曲线与平均生长量曲线相交在第16 a.材积在9 a~15 a时连年生长量快速增长,15 a~21 a时连年生长量逐渐减缓;此后,在21 a~27 a时,连年生长量又呈现快速增长的趋势;直到第27 a,华北落叶松材积的连年生长量曲线与平均生长量曲线没有相交,说明七里峪林场的华北落叶松林分还没有达到成熟期,正处于生长期。 相似文献
3.
沿坝地区华北落叶松胸径-树高生长模型的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《林业资源管理》2015,(1)
旨在研究沿坝地区华北落叶松胸径-树高的生长状况,以北沟林场不同林龄的华北落叶松纯林为研究对象,采用实地测量和解析的方法获取华北落叶松的胸径、树高实测数据,利用SPSS分别对不同模型进行拟合.经各项指标检验,初步筛选拟合精度较好的曲线模型H=1.929D0.734(R2=0.939)和H=1.462+1.025D-0.012D2(R2=0.927)。将检验样木代回两个模型回归检验,进行树高的残差分析,其散点分布均匀,证明了两个模型的可靠性。运用各项误差分析指标判断,最终确定华北落叶松在本地域最佳胸径-树高模型为:H=1.929D0.734。模型的建立为树高的测量提供了捷径,有利于森林资源的清查工作。 相似文献
4.
日本落叶松家系对树高生长模型参数的影响 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
以湖北省建始县长岭岗林场 15年生日本落叶松子代测定林为研究对象 ,研究了家系间优势高的生长变异 ,家系对树高生长模型参数影响的显著性检验 ,并构建了日本落叶松家系树高生长模型。研究表明 ,同一立地不同家系的树高—年龄关系为多形曲线 ,不仅渐近线存在显著差异 ,而且曲线的形状也发生改变 ,应采用不同的生长模式来描述其树高生长过程 ,优势高生长是环境差异和遗传变异的树木表现型的综合反映 ,树高生长潜力 (立地指数 )随着遗传改良材料的应用而增大 :Schumacher和Richards方程对模拟日本落叶松幼龄阶段不同家系的优势高生长过程均能达到令人满意的效果 :家系间优势高的差距随年龄而增大 ,且家系间连年生长速率也各不相同。 相似文献
5.
[目的]以吉林省汪清林业局金沟岭林场12块天然云冷杉针阔混交林样地为对象,基于12 953对实测树高-胸径数据,结合林分优势高分树种(组)建立基于BP神经网络的标准树高模型。[方法]在确定隐层节点数后经过反复训练得到各树种(组)的适宜模型结构,使用相同的建模数据(8块样地)求解两个传统的树高方程,再利用未参与建模的4块样地分别验证模型。[结果]表明:落叶松、云杉的适宜模型结构(输入层节点数:隐藏层节点数:输出层节点数)为2:5:1;红松、中阔(白桦、大青杨、榆树和杂木)的适宜模型结构为2:4:1;冷杉的适宜模型结构为2:8:1;慢阔(色木、水曲柳、黄檗、紫椴和枫桦)的适宜模型结构为2:7:1。[结论]与传统方法相比,BP模型不依赖现存函数,不需要筛选模型形式,而且BP模型各树种R~2高于传统模型,平均绝对误差、均方根误差均小于传统模型,其拟合精度和预测效果均优于传统方程,可以有效地预测树高。 相似文献
6.
利用理查德方程构建落叶松树高生长模型.以黑龙江省佳木斯市孟家岗实验林场落叶松人工林为研究对象,基于78块落叶松人工林标准地中100株样木作为解析木.根据地位级指数的定义对理查德方程进行推导,确定落叶松树高生长模型.在MATLAB技术的支持下,根据林分实际数据使用模型参数估计算法求得模型参数k和c的最优值.经过模型误差的检验,结果表明误差E ＜0.05,该树高生长模型可以用来模拟落叶松树高生长过程. 相似文献
7.
基于吉林省汪清林业局金沟岭林场95株冷杉天然林解析木(Abies nephrolepis)的胸径、树高及从地面起至树梢的11个高度处的直径数据,利用三次平滑样条函数结合线性预测理论得出冷杉的干曲线。最后分析模型的算术误差和相对误差的均值、标准差和均方误差。分析结果表明:预测得出的干曲线能够很好地反映冷杉干形的生长变化,预测材积与实际材积非常接近。 相似文献
8.
《林业实用技术》2016,(9)
树高曲线是开展森林资源调查、森林结构调整、林木生长研究等方面的基础。以小陇山日本落叶松(Larix leptolepis)人工纯林为研究对象,采用标准地调查方法,对日本落叶松胸径、树高关系进行分析;运用SPASS17.0进行模型估计,选择一元线性方程,指数方程,对数方程,二次多项式和幂函数对树高曲线进行拟合,初步筛选出拟合精度较好的一元线性方程和二次项方程,用ForStat2.2做方程适应性分析和残差分析,用残差平方和、总相对误差、平均相对误差、平均相对误差绝对值指标进行验证,最终确定了小陇山林区日本落叶松最适树高曲线为H=4.242+0.639D+0.004D2。 相似文献
9.
以碳汇林基线情景低效针叶林,包括日本落叶松、杉木、马尾松、湿地松为研究对象,利用收集和调查的生物量与解析木实测数据,选择不同数学模型,通过曲线回归、非线性回归方法拟合模型参数,建立4个树种的单株生物量模型、胸径生长模型和树高生长模型。结果表明:4个树种的单株生物量模型、胸径生长模型采用相关系数较高、MSE值最小的幂函数模型、S模型拟合效果最好;4个树种的树高生长模型形式各异,日本落叶松、湿地松以Logistic模型拟合效果最好,杉木以抛物线模型拟合效果最好,马尾松以S模型拟合效果最好;检验结果表明,所建日本落叶松、杉木、马尾松、湿地松的生长模型预估精度均达到了95%以上,且都通过了F检验。 相似文献
10.
华北落叶松是冀北山地最重要的用材和生态树种。本文以河北省木兰围场国有林场龙头山分场华北落叶松混交次生林为研究对象,通过树干解析,分析其生长过程。研究表明：在所测树龄（97 a）范围内,胸径和树高总增长量均是逐年增加,材积还处于快速增长阶段。华北落叶松胸径、树高生长过程符合Richards模型,材积的生长过程符合Gompertz模型。依据所拟合的生长过程曲线可推测出华北落叶松数量成熟龄为120 a左右,是培育大径材的理想树种。 相似文献
11.
Data from a nationwide set of permanent sample plots was used to develop a multiple regression model of Cupressus lusitanica site index (mean height of the 100 largest diameter trees per hectare at age 30 years) using independent variables obtained from national extent ancillary maps and interpolated surfaces. Using this model New Zealand productivity surfaces for C. lusitanica site index were constructed.The final model accounted for 82% of the variance in the data using mean minimum air temperature, establishment date (expressed as years since 1900), potential root depth, degree of ground frost in summer and modified vegetation cover classification, with each variable accounting for, respectively, 45, 20, 7, 6 and 4% of the variance in the data. A one-at-a-time validation indicated that the final model was relatively unbiased, and accurate, with the predicted values accounting for 76% of the variance in the actual site index. 相似文献
12.
用时间序列叠合模型预测黑荆树林分月总生长量的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文应用时间序列分析的方法,对黑荆树林分平均直径、平均高和蓄积量的月总生长量的趋势项和随机项进行了研究,并建立了这二项的时间序列,叠合模型。据此对未来林分的各月总生长量进行了5步预测,其预测的绝对平均误差分别为1.62％、1.91％、3.24％,比仅用回归分析方法有效地提高了预测的精度。 相似文献
13.
安徽省青阳县栎类阔叶林树木生长规律研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文以46年生栎类解析木为基础,运用DPS统计软件进行回归分析,分别采用Logistic、Richards、Compertz、Mitscherlich、Gauss、Log-modified、Density7种理论方程与二次曲线对栎类进行拟合,建立栎类树高、胸径、材积的最优数学模型,对其生长规律进行分析。结果表明：建立的生长模型中Richards方程拟合效果最好、精度最高。故选择Richards方程为栎类树高、胸径、带皮材积、去皮材积生长模型。栎类树高的平均生长量在20年时达到最大值,而树高的连年生长量最大值出现在14年,在20年时平均生长量与连年生长量相等。栎类胸径的连年生长曲线与平均生长曲线在24年时相交。栎类材积生长量在14年前生长较缓慢,在46年内还未出现材积平均生长量的最大值。材积的连年生长量曲线与平均生长量曲线在46年内还未相交,说明其未达到成熟龄。探讨了安徽省青阳县天然次生栎类阔叶林的生长规律,为栎类阔叶林合理利用和培育提供参考。 相似文献
14.
连栽桉树人工林生长特性和树冠结构特征 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
桉树 (Ｍｙｔａｃｅａｓｅ科Ｅｕｃａｌｙｐｔｕｓ属 )已成为我国华南各省区很重要的速生阔叶用材树种 ,因其速生、丰产、抗性好、耐脊薄、干形通直、用途广泛而被广为种植。我国引种桉树已有 1 0 0多年的历史 ,目前栽培面积已达 8× 1 0 5ｈｍ2 ,居世界第 2位 ,而 60 %～ 70 %以上是作为短轮伐期工业用材林来经营的 ,估计有一半以上的林地是多代连栽。代代连栽引起人工林生产力下降的现象最早出现在欧洲的云杉1) (中国林学会森林生态分会 ,1 992 ;李范伍等 ,1 958) ,而后在许多树种上都有发生 (ＥｖａｎｓＪ ,1 998;方奇 ,1 987) ,称之为第… 相似文献
15.
广东三地幼龄檀香生长和结香的早期评价 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
采用标准地调查的研究方法,调查广东省种植规模较具代表性的3个试验基地内6年生幼龄檀香的生长和结香情况,方差分析结果表明,3个试验基地内种植的同龄檀香,其树高、地径、胸径、净树干高度以及冠幅均差异显著(P<0.001),位于湛江的试验基地内,各种形态指标值均最大,平均树高为6.05m,平均地径为12.72cm,平均胸径为10.27cm,平均净树干高度为2.64m,平均冠幅(南北)为3.20m。利用生长锥对檀香树干进行钻孔取样,分析幼龄檀香的心材形成情况,结果表明,3个试验基地内的6龄檀香均已陆续开始形成心材,自然形成心材的比例为15%～20%。采用溶剂浸提法对钻取的心材提取檀香精油,精油含量在0.66%～1.76%之间;采用气相色谱-质谱联用仪分析檀香精油的成分及各成分的相对含量,结果表明,幼龄檀香精油的主要成分和檀香木油的国际标准成分相同,但含量较低,总檀香醇含量范围为34.31%～37.91%,精油质量没有达到国际标准。早期的生长和结香情况表明,檀香人工林的规模种植在广东表现良好。 相似文献
16.
Determination of number of stems in coniferous forest stands by means of aerial photo‐interpretation
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1-4):76-84
Two models for determination of the number of stems per hectare in forest stands (N) from attributes derived by aerial photo‐interpretation were developed. The models relied on the assumption that N could be determined by dividing the total stand volume per hectare with the volume of the “average tree”; defined by stand mean height and the diameter corresponding to mean basal area of a stand. Input variables of the models were stand mean height, crown closure and site quality. Additionally, model II required input of average stand volume per hectare and average mean diameter derived from stratified field sample plot inventories. Material for 143 coniferous stands was used for the testing of the models. The stands were recorded by intensive field measurements. Aerial photographs at the approximate scale of 1:15 000 were used for photo‐interpretation. The N value was underestimated in model I by 5.4–47.0%. The standard deviation for the differences was 15.2–26.2% for mature stands and 41.4–44.2% for young thinning phase stands. For model II, the mean difference between the predicted and observed N value was in the range ‐16.1% to 12.2%. 相似文献
17.
《Forest Ecology and Management》2006,236(1):37-46
Predictions from a range of model types (simplified process-based, a statistical state space, statistical difference, and a hybrid model) were compared to 969 measurements of forest growth across an environmental gradient. The models compared were 3-PG, CANTY, CanSPBL(1.2), and CanSPBL(water). The study made an objective comparison and validation of model types, with the main criterion for comparison being each model's ability to match actual historical measurements of forest growth in an independent data set. A number of stand level forest growth variables were compared including basal area, mean top height, and stocking over 14,058 ha of plantation-grown Pinus radiata in south-eastern New Zealand. Stand variable predictions at 195 permanent plot locations covering a range of elevations from 0 to 660 m were highly correlated with field estimates derived from plot data. The hybrid model CanSPBL(water) on average was the most accurate model in the study where predictions of stocking, basal area, and mean top height were 96%, 96%, and 96% efficient. The statistical-difference equation model CanSPBL(1.2) was equally efficient but on average 3% less accurate and slightly more biased in predictions suggesting that the hybrid model explained differences in growth due to differences water availability and soil type. The process-based model 3-PG predicted stocking and basal area 89% and 88% efficiently. Finally, the statistical state-space model CANTY predicted stocking, basal area, and mean top height 96%, 87%, and 87% efficiently. Results quantify the amount of precision that can be expected from the three model types, and suggest that each approach has strengths and weaknesses. 相似文献
18.
Stem taper equation analysis for Larix kaempferi species in the Central Region of South Korea 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Taper equation was developed to predict diameters at specific height for Larix kaempferi species in the Central Region of South Korea. The sampled trees that were collected through destructive sampling ranged from 0.60 to 47.90 cm DBH with total height ranging from 2.00 to 33.00 m. The dataset was randomly split into two: 80% for initial model fitting and 20% for model validation. The combined that means 100% dataset was used for final model fitting. Statistics of fit were used as criteria, including the coefficient of determination (R2), standard error of the estimate (SEE), bias (ē), the absolute mean difference (AMD), and the Akaike information criterion (AIC) values and weight (AICw), with a rank analysis being applied. Initial model fitting utilized a total of nine taper equations, with the three segmented taper equations and another three non-segmented determined for model validation and final model fitting. Kozak02 equation, which had not yet been evaluated for L. kaempferi species, indicated the best performance for the species in the Central Region of South Korea. Upon comparison, the ability of this study to predict diameters at specific height and stem volume was better than the existing taper equation for L. kaempferi in South Korea. 相似文献
19.
《Forest Ecology and Management》1997,97(2):155-163
The stability of height positions of saplings in young stands of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) was examined by comparing the height order of trees at successive measurements. The data consisted of six naturally regenerated stands and one planted stand for comparison. The length of the examination period was approximately 20 years, covering the mean height development of stands from 0.5 to 5.5 m. For each stand, a structural equation model was fitted by which the covariance structure occurring in the data could be described. In terms of the stability coefficients between the variables produced by the model, the height position of the saplings was very stable. The height positions had mainly been established during the first 5–10 years of age and at a mean height of less than 0.5–1 m. In the naturally regenerated stands, stability was virtually complete from the stage of 15–20 years and 1.5–2 m onwards. In the planted stand, stability became complete slightly later than in the naturally regenerated stands. According to the results, the height of the sapling can be emphasized as a selection criterion in precommercial thinning. 相似文献
20.
Modeling height–diameter relationships is an important component in estimating and predicting forest development under different forest management scenarios. In this paper, ten widely used candidate height–diameter models were fitted to tree height and diameter at breast height(DBH)data for Populus euphratica Oliv. within a 100 ha permanent plots at Arghan Village in the lower reaches of the Tarim River, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China. Data from 4781 trees were used and split randomly into two sets:75 % of the data were used to estimate model parameters(model calibration), and the remaining data(25 %) were reserved for model validation. All model performances were evaluated and compared by means of multiple model performance criteria such as asymptotic t-statistics of model parameters, standardized residuals against predicted height,root mean square error(RMSE), Akaike’s informationcriterion(AIC), mean prediction error(ME) and mean absolute error(MAE). The estimated parameter a for model(6) was not statistically significant at a level of a = 0.05. RMSE and AIC test result for all models showed that exponential models(1),(2),(3) and(4) performed significantly better than others. All ten models had very small MEs and MAEs. Nearly all models underestimated tree heights except for model(6). Comparing the MEs and MAEs of models, model(1) produced smaller MEs(0.0059) and MAEs(1.3754) than other models. To assess the predictive performance of models, we also calculated MEs by dividing the model validation data set into 10-cm DBH classes. This suggested that all models were likely to create higher mean prediction errors for tree DBH classes[20 cm. However, no clear trend was found among models.Model(6) generated significantly smaller mean prediction errors across all tree DBH classes. Considering all the aforementioned criteria, model(1): TH ? 1:3 t a= e1 t b?eàc?DBHT and model(6): TH ? 1:3 t DBH2= ea t b?DBH t c ? DBH2T are recommended as suitable models for describing the height–diameter relationship of P. euphratica. The limitations of other models showing poor performance in predicting tree height are discussed. We provide explanations for these shortcomings. 相似文献