共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
利用1979—2014年的NOAA/NASA海表温度延长重构数据和国家台站的观测数据,采用经验正交函数(EOF)方法,从赤道年平均海温出发,分析热带海温的时空变化特征以及印度洋—太平洋海温对我国年降水量的影响。结果表明,1979—2014年热带地区年平均海温为26℃,海温暖区主要集中在印度洋和西太平洋的赤道地区。热带海温距平时空变化特征:第1特征向量场在印度洋海温表现为全区一致型,太平洋海温表现为弱El Nio(La Nia)现象,时间系数与年降水量主要在新疆、西藏、青海、甘肃和河套地区为显著的正相关关系;第2特征向量场在太平洋海温表现为El Nio(La Nia)现象,印度洋海温表现为偶极子型,时间系数与年降水量在西藏和黄河中游地区为显著的正相关关系,在东北东部和长江以南地区为显著的负相关关系;第3特征向量场在太平洋海温表现为弱El Nio(La Nia)现象,印度洋海温表现为南北型,时间系数与年降水量在西藏、新疆、福建和东北西北部为显著的负相关关系。 相似文献
2.
Sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the cold tongue of the eastern equatorial Pacific exert powerful controls on global atmospheric circulation patterns. We examined climate variability in this region from the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) to the present, using a SST record reconstructed from magnesium/calcium ratios in foraminifera from sea-floor sediments near the Galápagos Islands. Cold-tongue SST varied coherently with precession-induced changes in seasonality during the past 30,000 years. Observed LGM cooling of just 1.2 degrees C implies a relaxation of tropical temperature gradients, weakened Hadley and Walker circulation, southward shift of the Intertropical Convergence Zone, and a persistent El Ni?o-like pattern in the tropical Pacific. This is contrasted with mid-Holocene cooling suggestive of a La Ni?a-like pattern with enhanced SST gradients and strengthened trade winds. Our results support a potent role for altered tropical Pacific SST gradients in global climate variations. 相似文献
3.
Decadal sea surface temperature variability in the subtropical South Pacific from 1726 to 1997 A.D 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
We present a 271-year record of Sr/Ca variability in a coral from Rarotonga in the South Pacific gyre. Calibration with monthly sea surface temperature (SST) from satellite and ship measurements made in a grid measuring 1 degrees by 1 degrees over the period from 1981 to 1997 indicates that this Sr/Ca record is an excellent proxy for SST. Comparison with SST from ship measurements made since 1950 in a grid measuring 5 degrees by 5 degrees also shows that the Sr/Ca data accurately record decadal changes in SST. The entire Sr/Ca record back to 1726 shows a distinct pattern of decadal variability, with repeated decadal and interdecadal SST regime shifts greater than 0. 75 degrees C. Comparison with decadal climate variability in the North Pacific, as represented by the Pacific Decadal Oscillation index (1900-1997), indicates that several of the largest decadal-scale SST variations at Rarotonga are coherent with SST regime shifts in the North Pacific. This hemispheric symmetry suggests that tropical forcing may be an important factor in at least some of the decadal variability observed in the Pacific Ocean. 相似文献
4.
柔鱼是具有巨大开发潜力的重要经济头足类种类,广泛分布在太平洋海域。柔鱼是短生命周期种类,其生活史过程与栖息地的海洋环境条件有重要关联,海洋环境因子的时空分布与变化显著影响着柔鱼资源的分布范围和资源密度。本文基于监督式学习算法的BP神经网络模型,综合多源卫星遥感观测获取得到的海表温度（Sea surface temperature;SST）、叶绿素a浓度（Chlorophyll-a concentration;Chl-a）、海表面高度距平（Sea surface height anomaly;SSHA）、海水质量变化和地转流等海洋环境因子,对西北太平洋柔鱼资源丰度的时空分布进行了模拟和预测。以上海海洋大学中国远洋渔业数据中心2004~2017年的西北太平洋海域的柔鱼历史渔业捕捞数据为参考值,对基于多源卫星遥感观测的多海洋环境因子的柔鱼资源丰度的模拟和预测结果进行了精度评定。结果表明,与仅采用SST、Chl-a和SSHA等进行柔鱼资源丰度时空分布预测的传统方案相比,进一步加入海水质量变化和地转流后,可有效提高利用BP神经网络对西北太平洋柔鱼资源丰度进行模拟和预测的精度：改进方法模拟的标准差（Standard deviation; STD）和均方根误差（Root mean square error; RMSE）均提高了22%;且预测的STD提高了31%,RMSE减少了26%。 相似文献
5.
Tropical pacific forcing of decadal SST variability in the western indian ocean over the past two centuries 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
A 194-year annual record of skeletal delta(18)O from a coral growing at Malindi, Kenya, preserves a history of sea surface temperature (SST) change that is coherent with instrumental and proxy records of tropical Pacific climate variability over interannual to decadal periods. This variability is superimposed on a warming of as much as 1.3 degrees C since the early 1800s. These results suggest that the tropical Pacific imparts substantial decadal climate variability to the western Indian Ocean and, by implication, may force decadal variability in other regions with strong El Nino-Southern Oscillation teleconnections. 相似文献
6.
A simulation with a coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation model configured for the Last Glacial Maximum delivered a tropical climate that is much cooler than that produced by atmosphere-only models. The main reason is a decrease in tropical sea surface temperatures, up to 6 degrees C in the western tropical Pacific, which occurs because of two processes. The trade winds induce equatorial upwelling and zonal advection of cold water that further intensify the trade winds, and an exchange of water occurs between the tropical and extratropical Pacific in which the poleward surface flow is balanced by equatorward flow of cold water in the thermocline. Simulated tropical temperature depressions are of the same magnitude as those that have been proposed from recent proxy data. 相似文献
7.
A two-tiered approach to long-range climate forecasting 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Bengtsson L Schlese U Roeckner E Latif M Barnett TP Graham N 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1993,261(5124):1026-1029
Long-range global climate forecasts were made by use of a model for predicting a tropical Pacific sea-surface temperature (SST) in tandem with an atmospheric general circulation model. The SST is predicted first at long lead times into the future. These ocean forecasts are then used to force the atmospheric model and so produce climate forecasts at lead times of the SST forecasts. Prediction of seven large climatic events of the 1970s to 1990s by this technique are in good agreement with observations over many regions of the globe. 相似文献
8.
Direct observations of the dynamic balance between time-dependent winds and deep ocean currents are described for the eastern North Pacific Ocean at 42 degrees N, 152 degrees W. Currents from 150 to 4000 meters below the surface at frequencies from 0.01 to 0.1 cycle per day are significantly correlated with the wind stress curl derived from U.S. Navy operational wind fields. The horizontal currents are depth-independent below 300 meters, and they flow parallel to the potential vorticity gradient derived from the earth's rotation and the large-scale bottom topography. These characteristics are expected for such periodic motions with horizontal scales larger than 500 kilometers and represent a generalized Sverdrup balance between the atmospheric forcing and the oceanic response. 相似文献
9.
Satellite measurements of sea surface temperature through clouds 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Measurements of sea surface temperature (SST) can be made by satellite microwave radiometry in all weather conditions except rain. Microwaves penetrate clouds with little attenuation, giving an uninterrupted view of the ocean surface. This is a distinct advantage over infrared measurements of SST, which are obstructed by clouds. Comparisons with ocean buoys show a root mean square difference of about 0.6 degrees C, which is partly due to the satellite-buoy spatial-temporal sampling mismatch and the difference between the ocean skin temperature and bulk temperature. Microwave SST retrievals provide insights in a number of areas, including tropical instability waves, marine boundary layer dynamics, and the prediction of hurricane intensity. 相似文献
10.
Beck JW Edwards RL Ito E Taylor FW Recy J Rougerie F Joannot P Henin C 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1992,257(5070):644-647
Seasonal records of tropical sea-surface temperature (SST) over the past 10(5) years can be recovered from high-precision measurements of coral strontium/calcium ratios with the use of thermal ionization mass spectrometry. The temperature dependence of these ratios was calibrated with corals collected at SST recording stations and by (18)O/(16)O thermometry. The results suggest that mean monthly SST may be determined with an apparent accuracy of better than 0.5 degrees C. Measurements on a fossil coral indicate that 10,200 years ago mean annual SSTs near Vanuatu in the southwestern Pacific Ocean were about 5 degrees C colder than today and that seasonal variations in SST were larger. These data suggest that tropical climate zones were compressed toward the equator during deglaciation. 相似文献
11.
A tropical Pacific climate state resembling that of a permanent El Ni?o is hypothesized to have ended as a result of a reorganization of the ocean heat budget approximately 3 million years ago, a time when large ice sheets appeared in the high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere. We report a high-resolution alkenone reconstruction of conditions in the heart of the eastern equatorial Pacific (EEP) cold tongue that reflects the combined influences of changes in the equatorial thermocline, the properties of the thermocline's source waters, atmospheric greenhouse gas content, and orbital variations on sea surface temperature (SST) and biological productivity over the past 5 million years. Our data indicate that the intensification of Northern Hemisphere glaciation approximately 3 million years ago did not interrupt an almost monotonic cooling of the EEP during the Plio-Pleistocene. SST and productivity in the eastern tropical Pacific varied in phase with global ice volume changes at a dominant 41,000-year (obliquity) frequency throughout this time. Changes in the Southern Hemisphere most likely modulated most of the changes observed. 相似文献
12.
Sea Surface Temperature, Surface Wind Divergence, and Convection over Tropical Oceans 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Large-scale convection over the warm tropical oceans provides an important portion of the driving energy for the general circulation of the atmosphere. Analysis of regional associations between ocean temperature, surface wind divergence, and convection produced two important results. First, over broad regions of the Indian and Pacific oceans, sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in excess of 27.5 degrees C are required for large-scale deep convection to occur. However, SSTs above that temperature are not a sufficient condition for convection and further increases in SST appear to have little effect on the intensity of convection. Second, when SSTs are above 27.5 degrees C, surface wind divergence is closely associated with the presence or absence of deep convection. Although this result could have been expected, it was also found that areas of persistent divergent surface flow coincide with regions where convection appears to be consistently suppressed even when SSTs are above 27.5 degrees C. Thus changes in atmospheric stability caused by remotely forced changes in subsidence aloft may play a major role in regulating convection over warm tropical oceans. 相似文献
13.
Climate impact of late quaternary equatorial pacific sea surface temperature variations 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Magnesium/calcium data from planktonic foraminifera in equatorial Pacific sediment cores demonstrate that tropical Pacific sea surface temperatures (SSTs) were 2.8 degrees +/- 0.7 degrees C colder than the present at the last glacial maximum. Glacial-interglacial temperature differences as great as 5 degrees C are observed over the last 450 thousand years. Changes in SST coincide with changes in Antarctic air temperature and precede changes in continental ice volume by about 3 thousand years, suggesting that tropical cooling played a major role in driving ice-age climate. Comparison of SST estimates from eastern and western sites indicates that the equatorial Pacific zonal SST gradient was similar or somewhat larger during glacial episodes. Extraction of a salinity proxy from the magnesium/calcium and oxygen isotope data indicates that transport of water vapor into the western Pacific was enhanced during glacial episodes. 相似文献
14.
利用来自英国Hadley气候预测和研究中心的HadlSST海温资料,对北大西洋海域的SST（Sea Surface Temperature）季节特征及整体变化趋势进行研究.研究表明,该海域的SST在8和10月相对较高,2和5月相对偏低,8和10月的SST比2和5月高出5℃左右;SST由低纬向高纬递减,在北极达到最低,等值线呈东西带状分布;在中低纬海域,同一纬度的SST大洋西岸高于大洋东岸,在高纬度海域,同一纬度的SST则是大洋东岸高于大洋西岸;1870 ～ 2009年期间,北大西洋海域逐年、逐夏季、透冬季的SST均呈显著性线性递增,递增趋势分别为0.003 4、0.0048、0.002 7℃/a,逐夏季的递增趋势明显强于逐冬季的递增趋势;北大西洋海域的SST逐年、逐夏季、逐冬季均存在共同的2.09 ～2.25、2.73 ～3.00、3.46 ～3.75年的显著性变化周期以及45年以上的长周期震荡. 相似文献
15.
利用2002-2014年的公海柔鱼类(Ommastrephidae)渔场的渔获资料结合同期海洋环境数据,采用渔获产量重心算法和广义加性模型(GAM)方法,分析了北太平洋巴特柔鱼(Ommastrephes bartramii)、西南大西洋阿根廷滑柔鱼(Illex argentinus Castellanos)和东太平洋秘鲁茎柔鱼(Dosidicus gigas)三大公海柔鱼类渔场重心的变化趋势,探讨了主要海洋环境因子(海表温度、叶绿素a浓度和海流)对渔场的影响关系。结果表明:北太平洋柔鱼渔场高产的最适海表温度区间为15~20℃,最适叶绿素a浓度为0.20~0.60 mg/m3;西南大西洋的阿根廷滑柔鱼渔场最适海表为9~14℃,最适叶绿素a浓度为0.60~1.65 mg/m3;东太平洋秘鲁茎柔鱼渔场最适海表温度为18~23℃,最适叶绿素a浓度为0.16~0.40 mg/m3。GAM模型检验结果显示海表温度与资源丰度有显著的相关性,对中心渔场具有关键的指示作用。渔场位置一般出现在不同海流流隔的交汇区,研究认为可根据渔场变化的海况信息及时调整渔场的作业区域,提高生产效率。 相似文献
16.
A theory for el nino and the southern oscillation 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A coupled atmosphere-ocean model is presented for El Ni?o and the Southern Oscillation that reproduces its major features, including its recurrence at irregular intervals. The interannual El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation cycle is maintained by deterministic interactions in the tropical Pacific region. Ocean dynamics alter sea-surface temperature, changing the atmospheric heating; the resulting changes in surface wind alter the ocean dynamics. Annually varying mean conditions largely determine the spatial pattern and temporal evolution of El Ni?o events. 相似文献
17.
Weare BC 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1983,221(4614):947-949
Three diagnostic analyses are described which strongly suggest the importance of local net surface heating in the life history of the large-scale, air-sea phenomenon centered in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean, commonly called El Ni?o. These analyses rely upon monthly marine weather summaries for the period 1957 to 1976. In the first, correlations and coherence spectra were calculated which show a strong link between the net surface heat flux and sea-surface temperature variations over the eastern equatorial Pacific. The second analysis, also based upon the use of coherence spectra, indicates a sea temperature precursor in the eastern ocean near 25 degrees S which precedes sea temperature changes near the El Ni?o focus near 5 degrees S. Since the link between the two regions would require ocean advective velocities that appear to be unreasonably large, this analysis also suggests the importance of atmospheric forcing through the surface heat flux. In the third analysis a proxy variable is described that seems to be a reasonable indicator of the overall effect of ocean dynamics on the temperature of the El Ni?o core region. A composite analysis of the four El Ni?o events of 1957, 1965, 1972, and 1976 suggests that local surface heating is important during the early part of an event, whereas dynamical factors dominate later. 相似文献
18.
A rapid increase in greenhouse gas levels is thought to have fueled global warming at the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM). Foraminiferal magnesium/calcium ratios indicate that bottom waters warmed by 4 degrees to 5 degrees C, similar to tropical and subtropical surface ocean waters, implying no amplification of warming in high-latitude regions of deep-water formation under ice-free conditions. Intermediate waters warmed before the carbon isotope excursion, in association with downwelling in the North Pacific and reduced Southern Ocean convection, supporting changing circulation as the trigger for methane hydrate release. A switch to deep convection in the North Pacific at the PETM onset could have amplified and sustained warming. 相似文献
19.
A sea surface temperature (SST) record based on planktonic foraminiferal magnesium/calcium ratios from a site in the western equatorial Pacific warm pool reveals that glacial-interglacial oscillations in SST shifted from a period of 41,000 to 100,000 years at the mid-Pleistocene transition, 950,000 years before the present. SST changes at both periodicities were synchronous with eastern Pacific cold-tongue SSTs but preceded changes in continental ice volume. The timing and nature of tropical Pacific SST changes over the mid-Pleistocene transition implicate a shift in the periodicity of radiative forcing by atmospheric carbon dioxide as the cause of the switch in climate periodicities at this time. 相似文献
20.
利用1900～2011年的海表面温度(SST)和海平面气压场资料,研究了太平洋地区海表面温度及全球大气的年代际持续性分布特征,结果表明,SST在北太平洋和西太平洋地区存在较高的年代际持续性,这些区域SST持续性平均在10年左右,最高达18年以上,低值区主要在热带中太平洋,持续性在4年以下。北太平洋的高持续性与太平洋年代际振荡(PDO)有密切联系,而热带中太平洋的低持续性主要是受到ENSO的影响;大气持续性具有明显的纬向分布特征,在高纬度地区的持续性较高,在20°S和60°N附近持续性较低。 相似文献