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1.
B. M. McCraw 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》1973,37(1):21-24
Naturally occuring outbreaks of Ascaris suum infection in calves have usually beeen found in animals nine to 12 months of age. The circumstances surrounding these outbreaks suggest that yearling calves are either particularly susceptible to a primary exposure to A. suum or react strongly to A. summ after sensitization early in life to this or some related ascarid. To determine the effect of reinfection with A. suum nine to 12 months after varying levels of exposure to this nematode, six calves were inoculated with 200,000 to 9,000,000 eggs. Neither death nor, in general, severe clinical signs resulted from reinfection. All calves were examined 15 days after reinfection with pathological changes noted only in the lungs and consisting of emphysema, alveolar wall thickening as well as accumulations of fibrin, eosinophils and hemorrhage in the lumina of alveoli. The findings suggested that exposure to A. suum early in life is not a factor in the development of disease in calves infected at one year of age. It was also found that the eosinophilia that develops following a primary infection with A. suum evidently persists for at least one year. 相似文献
2.
Clinical signs consistent with those of atypical interstitial pneumonia (AIP) were induced in calves sensitized with infective Ascaris suum eggs at seven to 20 weeks of age and challenged at three-week intervals one or more times. These signs usually appeared on the sixth or seventh day postinfection and reached maximum severity between the tenth and 13th days following infection. Prominent signs were: dyspnea, often with expiratory grunt, coughing, mouth breathing and emphysema as well as increased respiration and heart rates. In general, the intensity of signs was dependent upon dose size, although a single small dose resulted in acute signs and death in one calf. Intermittent coughing and vesicular sounds were induced in calves given A. suum eggs continually over prolonged periods. No respiratory abnormalities resulted from challenge with Toxocara canis after sensitization with A. suum. Antihistamine therapy did not alter the clinical signs in A. suum infected calves. 相似文献
3.
An increment in the number of circulating eosinophils occurred between the 11th and 14th days after infection with Ascaris suum and this increase was generally greater after a challenge infection. Continual infection with small numbers of A. suum eggs over prolonged periods resulted in circulating eosinophil levels which fluctuated and were dose-dependent. The per cent marrow eosinophils always increased after a primary infection and a greater increase usually followed a challenge infection. The maximum increment of marrow eosinophils occurred between the tenth and 12th days and preceded the rise in circulating eosinophils by 36 hours. Antihistamine therapy did not alter eosinophil responses to A. suum. Circulating eosinophilia was not usually reflected by drastic changes in differential white cell counts. However, an increase in total white cell count often followed infection with A. suum and frequently parallelled changes in eosinophil counts. Hemoglobin and P.C.V. values remained within normal limits in A. summ infected calves. 相似文献
4.
Experimental Hemorrhagic Septicemia: Gross and Microscopic Lesions Resulting from Acute Infections and from Endotoxin Administration 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1 
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下载免费PDF全文 Keith R. Rhoades Kenneth L. Heddleston Paul A. Rebers 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》1967,31(9):226-233
Gross and microscopic lesions observed in bovine and porcine hemorrhagic septicemia, and in bovine Pasteurella multocida endotoxemia are described. Widely distributed hemorrhages, edema, and general hyperemia were the most obvious tissue changes observed in the infected calves. Pneumonia was a constant lesion. Aerosol exposure produced a multiple focal fibrinosuppurative pneumonia, while intranasal and intramuscular inoculation resulted in generalized interstitial pneumonia. A slight lymphadenitis and degenerative changes in hepatic and renal parenchymal cells were also observed.
The predominant lesions observed in infected pigs were a diffuse, extensive, fibrinous pneumonia and fibrinous polyserositis. Edema and general hyperemia were observed, but the widespread hemorrhages which occurred in the calves were not present. Acute lymphadenitis and renal tubule vacuolar degeneration were observed. A slight amount of cloudy swelling and focal areas of necrosis were found in the liver.
Lesions in a calf that died following administration of Past. multocida endotoxin were widely distributed hemorrhages, edema, and general hyperemia. These lesions were especially evident in the lungs, and indicated widespread vascular alteration.
相似文献5.
The Effect of Edema, Hydrocortisone Acetate, Concurrent Viral Infection and Immunization on the Clearance of Pasteurella hemolytica from the Bovine Lung 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 The influence of pulmonary edema, hydrocortisone, immunization against Pasteurella hemolytica and concurrent infection with parainfluenza-3 virus upon pulmonary clearance of aerosolized P. hemolytica was studied in 31 calves. Following the various treatments calves were challenged with an aerosol of P. hemolytica. One control calf was killed immediately after the aerosol and the numbers of bacteria in the lung taken as 100%. Two calves were killed four hours after challenge and the numbers of bacteria in the lungs were compared to the 100% of the control calf. The result was the percentage clearance of bacteria at four hours.
Pulmonary edema was induced by three different methods: by an aerosol of histamine, by intravenous injection of endotoxin and by intravenous injection of croton oil emulsion. The edema impaired the clearance of P. hemolytica, which was reflected in high numbers of P. hemolytica present in the lungs at four hours after challenge: 260% after histamine, 300% and 400% after endotoxin and 92% after croton oil.
Six days of treatment of four calves with high doses of hydrocortisone acetate produced inconsistent results: two calves treated with a higher daily dose (36 mg/kg) had normal clearance whereas two calves treated with a lower dose had pulmonary edema and displayed lowered clearance with 111% and 31% respectively of P. hemolytica retained in the lungs four hours after challenge.
Immunization of calves by three different methods, a subcutaneously injected bacterin of P. hemolytica (2 calves), single aerosol (2 calves) and four aerosols (4 calves) of live P. hemolytica was reflected in an accelerated pulmonary clearance of P. hemolytica (with a mean of 1.55% of bacteria retained at four hours).
Concurrent infection with parainfluenza-3 virus did not lower the clearance of P. hemolytica in the lungs of 12 calves over 15 days except on the first day following the exposure to parainfluenza-3 virus. These calves had hemagglutinating antibodies against P. hemolytica before exposure.
相似文献6.
Pathogenesis of naturally acquired bovine respiratory syncytial virus infection in calves: morphologic and serologic findings 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Lesions in 32 calves that died or were euthanatized during the course of severe natural infection with bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) are described. All calves had been dyspneic for 1 to 2 days. At necropsy, lesions that could be related to dyspnea included congested and cyanotic mucosae and widespread petechiae. The lungs had various lesions in the cranioventral (CV) and caudodorsal (CD) portions. The CV portion of the lungs was consolidated, firm, and edematous. Histologically, the main characteristic was degenerative, necrotic bronchiolitis, with few syncytial cells. Signs of repair, such as epithelial hyperplasia, fibrosis, and bronchiolitis obliterans, often were observed. The CD portion of the lungs was markedly distended, owing to severe edema and emphysema. Bronchiolar lesions were lacking in the CD portion. In 14 calves, hyaline membranes were seen in the CV and CD portions. Results of immunofluorescence for BRSV were positive in 24 calves, but only in the CV portion of the lungs. The calves had variable concentrations of BRSV-specific IgG1 and IgM in serum, lung lavage fluid, or both. The BRSV-specific IgA, on the contrary, was seldom detected. Thus, 2 discrepancies existed. Although the clinical picture appeared to be acute, bronchiolar lesions and serotest results suggested infection of longer duration. Also, although virus and viral cytopathologic features were detected only in the CV portion of the lungs, the CD portion had extensive lesions that consisted of emphysema and edema. 相似文献
7.
Summary A field case of mastitis in cows, caused by Mycoplasma agalactiae var. bovis, formed the occasion to conduct an infection experiment. Five lactating heifers were infected in the udder at different times. The cows were slaughtered 2, 5, 7, 9 and 12 days p. i. and the pathological changes were studied. The investigation indicated that the pathological picture differed with time: in the acute stage, the inflammation was characterized by exudation of mostly eosinophils in the alveoli; later on, the mastitis was identified by an interstitial reaction with eosinophils and mononuclear cells, including plasma cells and lymphocytes; in the chronic stage, progressive fibroplasia around ductuli and alveoli, with hypertrophy of alveolar epithelium, was characteristic. The pathological findings are discussed. 相似文献
8.
In two small farms in Sweden young calves were found to be naturally infected with Ascaris suum. One of the calves expelled mature worms with the faeces, one had a great number of worms in the ductus choledochus and two others had worms in the intestine. Most of the worms were mature and at the egg-producing stage. The morphology of the eggs and the adult worms indicated that these parasites were A. suum and that Toxocara (syn. Neoascaris) vitulorum could be excluded. 相似文献
9.
Twelve four month old calves were inoculated intratracheally with a large dose of Pasteurella hemolytica and the lungs examined 18 hours, three days and seven days later. The gross and microscopic lesions were graded in each calf. The most extensive gross lesions were present at three days and were characteristic of a fibrinous pneumonia. Discrete areas of coagulation necrosis were present at three days and granulation tissue had formed around these by seven days. Characteristic swirly dark cells accumulated in alveoli and alveolar ducts and were observed from three days onwards. The gross and microscopic lesions were similar to those seen in field cases of pneumonic pasteurellosis. 相似文献
10.
Z A Radi K B Register E K Lee M E Kehrli K A Brogden J M Gallup M R Ackermann 《Veterinary pathology》1999,36(5):437-444
The in situ expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) mRNA in normal and pneumonic lung tissues of Holstein calves with bovine leukocyte adhesion deficiency (BLAD) was compared with that of age-matched non-BLAD Holstein calves by in situ hybridization. Twenty-four Holstein calves (both BLAD and non-BLAD) were randomly assigned to one of two experimental groups and inoculated intrabronchially with Pasteurella haemolytica or pyrogen-free saline. Lung tissues were collected and fixed in 10% neutral formalin at 2 or 4 hours postinoculation (PI). The expression and distribution of ICAM-1 mRNA in the different cell types of the lung tissue was detected by in situ hybridization with a 307-base-pair bovine ICAM-1 riboprobe. In lungs of both non-BLAD and BLAD saline-inoculated calves, ICAM-1 expression was present in epithelial cells but occurred in <30% of cells in bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli. ICAM-1 expression in vascular endothelial cells was present in <30% of cells in pulmonary arteries and veins. The expression of ICAM-1 was significantly greater (>60% of cells) in bronchiolar and alveolar epithelial cells and pulmonary endothelial cells of arteries and veins in both BLAD and non-BLAD calves inoculated with P. haemolytica. Bronchiolar epithelium had the highest intensity of mRNA expression and highest percentage of cells that were stained, whereas bronchial epithelium had the lowest intensity and percentage of cells stained. Most alveolar macrophages and neutrophils in infected lungs also expressed ICAM-1. ICAM-1 expression was generally increased in infected BLAD calves at 2 hours PI as compared with non-BLAD calves but not at 4 hours PI. The increased expression of ICAM-1 during acute P. haemolytica pneumonia in calves suggests that ICAM-1 is upregulated and may play a role in leukocyte infiltration. The extent of ICAM-1 expression in P. haemolytica-inoculated calves with BLAD was initially enhanced but otherwise similar to that in non-BLAD calves. 相似文献
11.
A selectin inhibitor decreases neutrophil infiltration during acute Mannheimia haemolytica pneumonia 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The degree to which the selectin inhibitor TBC1269 reduces neutrophil infiltration in specific microscopic locations of the lung during acute pneumonia of neonates was determined. Neonatal calves were inoculated intrabronchially with Mannheimia (Pasteurella) haemolytica or saline, and lung tissue was collected at 2 and 6 hours postinoculation (PI). One 6-hour group inoculated with M. haemolytica received TBC1269 intravenously before and after inoculation with M. haemolytica. Infiltrates of neutrophils were significantly higher in the alveolar lumen and septae but lower in the bronchial lumen and epithelium at 6 hours PI than at 2 hours PI. Significantly fewer neutrophils (P < 0.05) were present in the alveolar lumen and septae, and the bronchiolar lumen and lamina propria in the lungs of TBC1269-treated calves compared with untreated calves at 6 hours PI. TBC1269 did not alter the infiltration into bronchi and blood vessels or the expression of the selectin-independent adhesion molecule, ICAM-1. This work suggests that during acute pneumonia of neonates 1) neutrophil infiltrates progressively increase in the alveolar lumens and septae but decrease in the bronchial lumen and epithelium with time, 2) TBC1269 reduces neutrophil infiltration into specific regions of alveoli and bronchioles rather than uniformly throughout the lung, and 3) selectin inhibition does not affect the location and intensity of ICAM-1 expression. 相似文献
12.
George W. Allen 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》1962,26(10):241-243
A case of acute atypical pneumonia (bovine asthma, pulmonary emphysema, or pulmonary adenomatosis) occurred in a group of cross-bred beef type yearlings in late autumn. Clinical signs included a forced expiratory grunt, excessive salivation, ruminal stasis and, on auscultation over the lungs, pulmonary emphysema and oedema. The cattle had been brought in from a poor summer pasture and housed in a pig pen heavily contaminated with Ascaris lumbricoides eggs as it had contained unwormed feeder pigs all summer.
Fifteen out of seventeen head were affected ten days following housing and all within twenty-four hours. One steer of the group died and at necropsy fourth stage A. lumbricoides larvae were isolated from lungs showing profuse oedema and some emphysema. Histopathological examinations of the lungs showed a diffuse interstitial pneumonia. All remaining animals appeared clinically normal six days following the outbreak.
相似文献13.
Systemic toxoplasmosis was produced in specific-pathogen-free cats by intravenous inoculation with Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites. Infectious organisms were recovered from all tissues studied, but the number of organisms recovered from liver, lungs and spleen was 10-fold to 10,000-fold higher than from heart and brain. The occurrence and severity of Toxoplasma-induced lesions correlated with the number of infectious organisms recovered from the various tissues. In nonlymphoid tissues, the Toxoplasma-associated lesions consisted of multifocal necrosis, usually with demonstrable organisms. Lesions in the spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes consisted of reticuloendothelial and lymphoid hyperplasia, with few demonstrable organisms. Pneumonitis was severe and sometimes fatal in the early stages of systemic toxoplasmosis. Light- and electron-microscopic studies showed that the earliest lung lesions were randomly distributed infiltrates of neutrophils, eosinophils, and mononuclear cells into alveolar walls. Later lesions were diffuse alveolar necrosis, pneumocytic hyperplasia, and extensive fibrinocellular exudates in alveoli. Tachyzoites were present in cytoplasmic vacuoles of fibroblasts, macrophages, type I and II pneumocytes, bronchiolar epithelial cells, bronchiolar smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, neutrophils, and eosinophils, and circulating monocytes. Replication of organisms was found in all parasitized cell types except neutrophils and eosinophils. 相似文献
14.
Jenberie S Awol N Ayelet G Gelaye E Negussie H Abie G 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(4):849-854
This study was carried out with the aim of identifying types of gross and histopathological lesions in lungs of camels slaughtered
between October 2009 and April 2010 at Addis Ababa abattoir enterprise, Ethiopia. All camels were originated from Borana and
Kereyu areas. A total of 387 slaughtered camel lungs were inspected during the study period. Of which, one or more gross lesions
were encountered on 300 lungs. Lesions were further subjected for detail gross and histopathological examinations. The occurrence
of pulmonary lesions was 77.5%. The gross and histopathological examination of these lesions had revealed 60.2% emphysema,
21.2% hydatidosis, 18.6% pneumonia, 10.6% atelectasis, 4.9% aspiration of blood, 3.9% pneumoconiosis, 2.6% pulmonary edema
and congestion, 1.6% abscess, 1% pleurisy, and 0.8% granulomatous pneumonia. Most camels had one or more pulmonary lesions
on postmortem examination, but they were apparently healthy during antemortem inspection. Therefore, the prevailing stressful
environmental condition coupled with the existing poor level of veterinary service in camel-rearing areas of the country might
reverse these hidden inactive lesions and thereby contributed for the higher occurrence of respiratory diseases in camels. 相似文献
15.
Respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia in young calves: clinical and pathologic findings 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
D G Bryson M S McNulty E F Logan P F Cush 《American journal of veterinary research》1983,44(9):1648-1655
Nine young calves given respiratory syncytial virus by a combined intranasal and intratracheal route developed a severe respiratory tract disease in which coughing, tachypnea, and hyperpnea were prominent clinical features. Calves were euthanatized on postinoculation (initial) days (PID) 1 to 13. At necropsy, large areas of consolidation were present in the cranial, middle, accessory, and cranial parts of the caudal lung lobes of calves killed between PID 4 and 13. Histopathologic examination revealed widespread and severe lesions in small bronchi, bronchioli, and alveoli. Multinucleate epithelial syncytia on bronchiolar and alveolar walls, many containing eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies, were present in the lungs of calves killed on PID 4, 5, and 6. Necrosis and epithelial loss, hyperplasia, and metaplasia were also observed in the epithelium of small bronchi and bronchioli. The lumina of these airways were occluded to varying degrees with exudate. Exudate was present within alveoli, and interalveolar septa were markedly thickened. Collapse of the thickened septa produced large areas where alveolar air spaces were totally obliterated. Repair was evident in the lungs of calves killed at PID 10 and 13 with reepithelialization of damaged bronchiolar mucosa, organization of bronchiolar exudate leading to bronchiolitis obliterans, and peribronchial and peribronchiolar fibrosis. Inoculation of 3 calves by an intranasal route alone produced a less severe clinical disease with only minimal lesions present at necropsy. 相似文献
16.
Pulmonary lesions induced by Pasteurella haemolytica in neutrophil sufficient and neutrophil deficient calves. 总被引：11，自引：5，他引：6 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 M A Breider R D Walker F M Hopkins T W Schultz T L Bowersock 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》1988,52(2):205-209
The role of neutrophils in the development of peracute lung lesions of bovine pneumonic pasteurellosis was investigated. Eight calves were divided into two groups of four calves each. Group I was treated with intravenous phosphate-buffered saline and served as the neutrophil sufficient calves. Group II was treated with intravenous hydroxyurea which produced a state of neutropenia. When peripheral blood neutrophil numbers dropped below 300 cells/microL in group II, all calves were challenged with an intrabronchial bolus of Pasteurella haemolytica in the log phase of growth. An acute inflammatory process occurred in both groups of calves indicated by a rise in body temperature. While pulmonary lesions occurred in both groups by six hours postinoculation, they varied in pathological characteristics. Pulmonary lesions in the neutrophil sufficient calves consisted of fibrinopurulent alveolitis-bronchiolitis with associated alveolar septal necrosis, interlobular edema, and intravascular thrombi. The neutrophil deficient calves had extensive intra-alveolar edema, interlobular edema, intraalveolar hemorrhage, atelectasis, and focal areas of alveolar septal necrosis. These results show that P. haemolytica can induce severe pulmonary tissue damage through both neutrophil dependent and neutrophil independent mechanisms. 相似文献
17.
Summary A field case of mastitis in cows, caused by Mycoplasma agalactiae var. bovis, formed the occasion to conduct an infection experiment. Five lactating heifers were infected in the udder at different times. The cows were slaughtered 2, 5, 7, 9 and 12 days p. i. and the pathological changes were studied. The investigation indicated that the pathological picture differed with time: in the acute stage, the inflammation was characterized by exudation of mostly eosinophils in the alveoli; later on, the mastitis was identified by an interstitial reaction with eosinophils and mononuclear cells, including plasma cells and lymphocytes; in the chronic stage, progressive fibroplasia around ductuli and alveoli, with hypertrophy of alveolar epithelium, was characteristic. The pathological findings are discussed. 相似文献
18.
Hematological and Pathological Changes in Acute Systemic Anaphylaxis in Calves: Effects of Pharmacological Agents 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Calves were sensitized to horse serum in Freund's complete adjuvant and were subjected to acute systemic anaphylactic shock. Increased packed cell volume and potassium ion concentration together with severe neutropenia were observed to accompany the systemic hypotension. The hemoconcentration and hyperkalemia were not inhibited by antihistaminic or antiserotonin drugs, but were strongly inhibited by pretreatment of the calves with sodium meclofenamate and by disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) given simultaneously with diethylcarbamazine (DECC). In contrast there was no measurable diminution of the leukopenia by any inhibitor drug tested.
Pulmonary edema and congestion of the liver, intestine, spleen, and kidney accompanied anaphylaxis. Atelectasis and edema with thickening of alveolar septa, together with polymorphonuclear cell infiltration were recorded histologically in the lungs of calves subjected to anaphylaxis. Calves premedicated with sodium meclofenamate sustained slight pulmonary edema only, with no other obvious pathological changes. Pretreatment with DSGG and DECC reduced the edema, congestion, and histopathological damage, but offered less protection than sodium meclofenamate. Antihistaminic or antiserotonin drugs were ineffective in protecting against anaphylactic changes in calves.
相似文献19.
Six adult horses with normal blood gas values, normal thoracic radiographs and free from overt signs of respiratory disease were confined in flotation tanks for periods from one to seven weeks. With one exception, they all coughed, had a variable amount of nasal discharge and, at autopsy, showed cranio-ventral alterations to their lungs which were characterised by patchy irregular areas of absorption atelectasis with or without an inflammatory reaction and an accompanying alveolar emphysema. 相似文献
20.
The Effects of Anthelmintic Treatments on the Development of Gastrointestinal Parasitism in Calves 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 H. J. Smith 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》1974,38(2):139-144
Fortnightly treatment of susceptible calves with 1-tetramisole during the first two months of continuous exposure to pastures residually heavily-infected with Ostertagia ostertagi, Cooperia oncophora and Nematodirus helvetianus did not prevent the development of clinical parasitic gastroenteritis, although the infections were not as severe as in nontreated calves. Development of resistance in treated calves was manifested by significantly smaller numbers of Cooperia eggs in utero (which were reflected by reduced fecal egg counts) and by significantly smaller Nematodirus worm burdens than in susceptible calves that commenced grazing coincident with cessation of treatment. The findings also indicated that resistance to Nematodirus helvetianus was slower in developing in treated than in nontreated infected calves. 相似文献